Herceg Novi
Encyclopedia : H : HE : HER : Herceg Novi
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Herceg Novi (Cyrillic: Херцег Нови) is a coastal town in Montenegro located at the entrance to the Bay of Kotor and at the foot of Mount Orjen (). It has around 17,000 inhabitants, and is the administrative center of the Herceg-Novi municipality.
Although it is one of the youngest settlements on the Adriatic, it had a very turbulent history, and every one of the numerous conquerors had left a mark on the city's face, making it one of the most picturesque towns on the Montenegrin coast.
History
This section is copied from here: http://www.hercegnovi.cc/istorija/e_index.php . Note:This site is copyrighted and all information here is reproduced word for word, violating the copyright. Please fix it and/or rewrite itArcheological findings from Luštica witness the beginnings of the civilization in this region, back from the Neolithic and the early bronze age. Evidence of humans living in Herceg Novi dates from its first known inhabitants – Illyrians. Commercial opportunities attracted Greek traders in the 5th century BC In the 3rd century AD, after defeating the Illyrians, the Roman Empire took over this region. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, in 476, the Eastern Roman Empire ruled for six centuries. In the 7th century, the Slavic tribes densely inhabited this region and around the area of today’s Herceg Novi, the Dračevica parish was formed. Already from the 10th century, Dračevica loses its independence, becoming the pray of the Zeta dukes, but not for long because the period of the Nemanjić family was coming. Upon the death of Czar Dušan, Dračevica was governed by duke Vojislav Vojinović, and later on by the Balšić family.
The city of Herceg Novi was founded in 1382, when the Bosnian ban (provincial lord) King Tvrtko I Kotromanić instituted it in the Bay of Topla, with an intent to give it a commercial, maritime and craft role, and named it Sveti Stefan (St. Stephen).
As one the youngest cities on the Adriatic coast, it was called Novi (New), Castrum Novum, Castel Nuovo. It acquired its current name during the reign of Duke Stjepan Vukčić Kosača, when the city experienced its greatest progress. His dukal title "Herceg" gave name to the city and the province of Hercegovina. The Turks conquered it in 1482 and, with a short pause between 1538 and 1539, when it was overtaken by the Spaniards, they ruled for about 200 years up until 1687.
Henceforth many nations and civilizations dwelled on its soil, leaving deep traces on its history, culture and overall development. After the Turkish rule, the city was conquered by the Venetians, who reigned until the end of the Venetian Republic in 1797. From then on, there were frequent changes in the administration of Herceg Novi.
Austro-Hungary controlled Herceg Novi until 1806, Russia for a year between 1806 and 1807, and France between 1807 and 1813. Even the temporary government of Montenegro and Boka Kotorska had control over Herceg Novi between 1813-1814. However, the city was under Austro-Hungarian control until 1918. On 26 june 1899 the Serb Library was opened in this city in the honour of Saint Sava.
Then the Serbs, Croats and Slovenians united to form a kingdom, somewhat later called Yugoslavia, and in 1923, the Bay of Boka precinct was annexed to it. In 1941, the city was occupied by the Italians, then the Germans, until the liberation on 28 October, 1944.
Population
Herceg-Novi is administrative center of Herceg-Novi municipality, which stretchs from Prevlaka to Verige strait. Along this strip of coast, there is almost unbroken string of small towns, including Igalo, Herceg-Novi, Baošići, Đenovići, Meljine and Bijela, which make up for municipality's population of 33,034, according to 2003 census. Heceg-Novi itself has 12,739, but as Herceg-Novi and Igalo are only administratively divided, they can be considered one town with combined population of 16,493.Population of Herceg-Novi (Including Igalo):
Ethnic groups (1991 census):- Montenegrins (40.80%)
- Serbs (30.92%)
- Croats (2.30%)
- Muslims by nationality (1.25%)
- Serbs (52.45%)
- Montenegrins (28.41%)
- Croats (2.45%).
Tourism
Herceg-Novi is a major Montenegrin tourist destination. It is well known spa and health center, with nearby Igalo being abundant in healing sea mud called "igaljsko blato" (Igalo mud) and mineral water springs called "igaljske slatine" (Igalo water springs).As the rest of Boka Kotorska bay, the city has no long sandy beaches. It has numerous small cobble beaches, or concrete platforms. Therefore, the city itself is not a major destination for sunbathing, but there are many attractive beaches reachable by boat. One-day boat trips are organised to Žanjic, Mirište or Rose, all being beautiful and very popular beaches.
Herceg-Novi is very popular among those in pursuit of nightlife. This resort, popular among artists for it's unique atmosphere and peace during the winter, wakes up in the summer, as noumerous bars and clubs become open.
Herceg-Novi accounted for one third of overnight stays in Montenegro before Yugoslav wars, but situation has changed since in favour of Budva, Kotor and other resorts in northern part of the coast. The biggest problem of tourism in Herceg-Novi is constant shortage of tap water, which is imported from Croatia. Inability of city to pay for the water from Konavle results in frequent cuttofs of water and dry taps, especially during the peak of the summer season.
Culture
"JUK Herceg-Fest"
Center for cultural events, was established on February 24, 1992. Two years later the cultural center and "Orijen", movie distribution and production company, joined and have played crucial role in enhancing the cultural life in the city. Among many annual festivities are the celebration of mimosa, local theatrical events, and film and music fest.
The Herceg Novi City Archive
In 1956 Archive returned to Herceg Novi after being temporarily relocated to Zadar, Croatia. The Archive was relocated to Zadar by Italians during the Second World War. The original Archive building, built in 1885, suffered severe damage by the earthquake in 1979. Shortly after the building was renovated. Today, the Archive is 700 m² in size. The Archive features modern equipment and library open to the public. The oldest document in the Archive originated in 1685. The library contains approximately 30,000 volumes and 1,000 periodicals.
Historical Museum
The museum was established in 1949 and officially opened in 1953. The museum building, a gift to the city from the former mayor, Mirko Komnenović (1870-1941), and his wife Olga, is at least 150 years old.
City library
The library contains at least 30,000 volumes. Among the contributors to this collection are Dušan Petković (5,000 books), Veljka Radojević (1,500), Doklestić, Daljev, Lučić, Subotić and others.
Transport
Herceg-Novi is usually the final destination of buses that come from inland Montenegro and Serbia. The "Adriatic motorway", a two-laned motorway that extends for the lenght of Montenegrin coast, goes through Herceg-Novi before it is merged with Croatian road network at "Debeli brijeg" border crossing.
The ferry operates on Kamenari - Lepetane line at Verige strait, eliminatig the need to go all the way around Boka Kotorska bay in order to reach Tivat, Kotor, Budva and the inland Montenegro.
Tivat Airport is 23 km away (using the ferry). There are regular flights to Belgrade and Zurich, and dozens of charter planes land daily on Tivat airport during the summer season. Dubrovnik Airport in Croatia is some 30 km away, and it mantains regular flights to many Europenan destinations.
Climate
The area of the Bay of Kotor is characterized by a Mediterranean climate with dry and warm summers and mild winters. Herceg-Novi has a specific microclimate, which is a result of southern exposition, proximity to the sea, limestone substratum and mountainous hinterland which prevents the breakthrough of cold air masses.
Herceg-Novi has approximately 200 sunny days per anum. In July and August there are approximately 10.7 sunny hours per day. Average annual temperature is 16.2 C (similar to Mediterranean cities of Naples and Lisbon). There are frequent slight temperature oscillations, thus, the average daily temperature fluctuation is only 4°C. Average temperature from May to September is about 25°C, which provides a swimming season over 5 months long since the average summer sea temperature is rather high, between 22 - 26°C.
The annual average precipitation is 1,930 mm/m2, and relative air humidity is at its highest in the fall reaching 80%, and its lowest point is in the summer, i.e. 63%.
External links
- [Official web site of the Herceg Novi municipality]
- [Herceg-Novi.com]
- [Museum and Gallery Herceg-Novi News]
- [Rastko-Boka Foundation]
- [link]
- [Discuss travel to Herceg-Novi with others who've been]
| Municipalities of Montenegro |
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|---|---|
| Andrijevica | Bar | Berane | Bijelo Polje | Budva | Cetinje | Danilovgrad | Herceg-Novi | Kolašin | Kotor | Mojkovac | Nikšić | Plav | Plužine | Pljevlja | Podgorica | Rožaje | Šavnik | Tivat | Ulcinj | Žabljak | |
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