High king

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A high king is a king who holds a position of seniority over a group of other kings, without the title of Emperor; compare King of Kings.

Rulers who have been termed "high king" (by their contemporaries and/or by modern observers) include:

Various ancient Celtic rulers, notably the High King (ard rí) of Ireland. Some other monarchs, such as King Arthur, Uther Pendragon, and Vortigern, have been termed "High King of Britain" in some accounts.
The ruler of the Picts.
The ruler of Scotland.
Some ancient Greek rulers, such as Agamemnon (see anax).
The most powerful king of the various Etruscan city-states.
Mepe-Umaglesi 'Most High King' was a predicate of the Georgian Orthodox Mepe-Mepeta ('King of Kings')

The Yang di-Pertuan Agong in Malaysia could probably be seen as a "high king", as he is selected from among nine Malay rulers (seven Sultans, a Raja, and a Great Lord) by election (through informal agreement, on a rotational basis). In practice, however, the term "high king" is rarely applied to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, rather 'King'.

The titles "maharaja" or similar (Indian), and "daewang" (Korean) could possibly be rendered as "high king", although the literal meaning is closer to "great king". The title "King of Kings" also expresses much the same concept as "high king" — it was used at various times by the Emperor of Persia (shahanshah) and the Emperor of Ethiopia.

In fiction

In C.S. Lewis's fictional Chronicles of Narnia, Peter was the High King of Narnia over Edmund, Susan and Lucy by virtue of being the eldest. He was also the High King over all Kings of Narnia, from the first to the last.
In J. R. R. Tolkien's works, mainly the Silmarillion, there was a succession of High Kings of the Ñoldor exiled in Middle-earth, beginning with Fëanor and culminating in Gil-galad's reign.
In Lloyd Alexander's Chronicles of Prydain, there is a line of High Kings of Prydain who are descendants of a royal family who came from the Summer Country in order to oppose Arawn. The High King throughout the series is Gwydion's father Math, who is then succeeded by Gwydion and later Taran in the final novel of the series, The High King.

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