Hoboken, New Jersey
Encyclopedia : H : HO : HOB : Hoboken, New Jersey
Hoboken is a densely populated city on the west bank of the Hudson River in Hudson County, New Jersey, just across from Manhattan. As of the United States 2000 Census, the city had a total population of 38,577. The current mayor of Hoboken is David Roberts.
Geography
Hoboken is located at 40°44'41" North, 74°1'59" West (40.744851, -74.032941)[Geographic references#1GR1].According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.1 km² (2.0 mi²). 3.3 km² (1.3 mi²) of it is land and 1.8 km² (0.7 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 35.35% water. With a population density of 11,675.4/km² (30,239.2/sq mi), it is the second- (to neighboring Union City) most densely populated city in the United States. [link][[Citing sources citation needed]]
History
Early history
Hoboken was originally an island, surrounded by the Hudson River on the east and a swamp at the foot of the New Jersey Palisades on the west. It was used seasonally as a campsite by the Lenni Lenape Native Americans until they fell victim to war, disease and forced migration brought by Europeans in the 17th century. The name Hoboken is derived from the original Lenape name for the area “Hobocan Hackingh” or “land of the tobacco pipe.” The Lenape made their pipes from the soapstone of Castle Point. The name Hoboken could also have been derived from the name of a town in Belgium: Hoboken, Antwerp. The city of Antwerp was a major harbor in the 17th century.The first European to discover the area was Henry Hudson, who anchored his ship off the northern coast of Hoboken in Weehawken Cove on October 2, 1609. Three Native Americans eventually sold the land that is now Hoboken to , Director of the Dutch West India Company on July 12, 1630 for 80 fathoms (146 m) of wampum, 20 fathoms (37 m) of cloth, 12 kettles, 6 guns, 2 blankets, 1 double kettle and half a barrel of beer. The first European settlers of Hoboken were Dutch farmers. Hendrick Van Vorst of Jersey City leased the land to Aert Van Putten, who became Hoboken’s first resident. In 1643, Van Putten built a farm house and brew house north of Castle Point. The brew house was America’s first.
Eventually, the land came into the possession of William Bayard. Bayard, who originally supported the revolutionary cause, became a Loyalist Tory in 1776 after the fall of New York. At the end of the Revolutionary War, Bayard’s land was confiscated by the Revolutionary Government of New Jersey.
The nineteenth century
After the American war for independence, the area that is now Hoboken was purchased at auction by Colonel John Stevens in 1784 for 18,360 pounds sterling, then about $90,000. In the early 1800s, Stevens developed the waterfront as a resort for Manhattanites, which he used as a sort of laboratory for testing his many mechanical inventions, as well as a lucrative source of income. Later in the century, the advantages of Hoboken as a shipping port and industrial center would become apparent. By the late 1800s, great shipping lines were using Hoboken as a terminal port, and the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad (later the Erie Lackawanna Railroad) had developed a railroad terminal at the waterfront. Hoboken was incorporated as a city in 1855, and Cornelius V. Clickener became the first Mayor. (For more information, see List of Hoboken Mayors.)In 1832, the legendary Sybil's Cave opened as an attraction. At the time, Hoboken was not yet an industrial city, and it was seen as a country spot. Sybil's Cave was the basis for one of Edgar Allan Poe's stories in 1841. When the water being served in the cave was found to be contaminated, it was shut in the 1880s, and in the 1930s it was filled with concrete. There are plans to re-open the cave for the first time in over 60 years.
The new city experienced a boom in population and employment during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as the Hoboken Land and Improvement Company, founded by Colonel Stevens in 1838 and managed by his heirs, laid out a regular system of streets, blocks and lots, constructed housing, and developed manufacturing sites. In general, the housing consisted of masonry attached rowhomes of three to five stories. Many of these buildings survive to the present day, as does the street grid. It was also during this time that German immigrants became the predominant population group in the city. In addition to the primary industry of shipbuilding, well-known industries that developed a major presence in Hoboken included Maxwell House, Lipton Tea, and Hostess. In 1870, the Stevens Institute of Technology was founded at Castle Point, the highest point in Hoboken and site of the Stevens family's former estate.Near the end of the 19th century, Hoboken became home to Keuffel and Esser's three-story factory.
Birthplace of Baseball
In 1845 the Knickerbocker Club of New York City began using Elysian Fields in Hoboken to play baseball due to the lack of suitable grounds on Manhattan. In 1846, the Knickerbockers played the New York Nine on these grounds in the first organized game between two clubs. By the 1850's, several Manhattan-based members of the National Association of Base Ball Players were using the grounds as their home field.
With the construction of two significant baseball parks enclosed by fences in Brooklyn, enabling promoters there to charge admission to games, the prominence of Elysian Fields began to diminish. In 1868 the leading Manhattan club, Mutual, shifted its home games to the Union Grounds in Brooklyn. In 1880, the founders of the New York Metropolitans and New York Giants finally succeeded in siting a ballpark in Manhattan that became known as the Polo Grounds. Hoboken, though, rather than Cooperstown, New York, can fairly claim to be the birthplace of baseball. A plaque, and baseball diamond street pavings at 11th and Washington streets commemorates the event.
\"Heaven, Hell or Hoboken.\"
World War I proved to be the city's turning point. Anti-German sentiment led to part of the city being placed under martial law, and many Germans were forcibly moved to Ellis Island in nearby New York Harbor or left the city altogether. During the war however, Hoboken achieved a new national fame. It was from terminals in Hoboken that American troops boarded ships bound for Europe. More than three million soldiers passed through the port, and their hope for an early return led to the slogan, "Heaven, Hell or Hoboken... by Christmas."Interwar years
Following the war, Italians, mostly stemming from the Adriatic port city of Molfetta, became the city's major ethnic group, with the Irish also having a strong presence. Other ethnic groups followed, most notably Puerto Ricans in the 1960s. Despite the continued infusions of new residents, the city appeared to be in the throes of inexorable decline by midcentury as industries sought greener pastures in the suburbs, port operations shifted to larger facilities in Newark Bay, and the automobile, truck and airplane displaced the railroad and ship as the transportation modes of choice in the United States. Most of the port facilities closed for good in 1975.Post World War II
Hoboken surprised many people by reinventing itself as a haven for artists, musicians, and young, upwardly mobile Manhattan commuters. This gentrification took place in much the same way as in the Manhattan neighborhood of SoHo, whereby the initial presence of artists changed the perception of the city such that other people who would not have considered moving there before now perceived it as an interesting, safe, and even desirable address. The gentrification process has continued, with many new apartment blocks now being constructed on former industrial sites, both on the waterfront and, increasingly, in the low-lying western portions of the city that were traditionally the most impoverished.Demographics
As of the census[Geographic references#2GR2] of 2000, there are 38,577 people (although recent census figures show the population has grown to about 40,000), 19,418 households, and 6,835 families residing in the city. The population density is 11,636.5/km² (30,239.2/mi²). There are 19,915 housing units at an average density of 6,007.2/km² (15,610.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 80.82% White, 4.26% African American, 0.16% Native American, 4.31% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 7.63% from other races, and 2.78% from two or more races. Furthermore 20.18% of those denizens also consider themselves to be Hispanic or Latino.There are 19,418 households out of which 11.4% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 23.8% are married couples living together, 9.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 64.8% are non-families. 41.8% of all households are made up of individuals and 8.0% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 1.92 and the average family size is 2.73.
In the city the population is spread out with 10.5% under the age of 18, 15.3% from 18 to 24, 51.7% from 25 to 44, 13.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 30 years. For every 100 females there are 103.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 103.9 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $62,550, and the median income for a family is $67,500. Males have a median income of $54,870 versus $46,826 for females. The per capita income for the city is $43,195. 11.0% of the population and 10.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 23.6% of those under the age of 18 and 20.7% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
Government
Local government
The City of Hoboken is governed under the Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council) system of municipal government.During Hoboken's 150 year history as an incorporated city, the elections that have been held for Mayor of Hoboken and members of the Hoboken city council have been largely operated by Hoboken's community. Hoboken's political landscape has been shaped by a strong connection between City Hall and the citizens of Hoboken. Many of the people running for mayor / councilman were people that grew up in Hoboken.
Among the most recent elections include:
- Thomas Vezzetti vs. Steve Cappiello (1985; Vezzeti won 6,990 to 6,647)
- Patrick Pasculli vs. Joe Della Fave (1988,1989; Pasculli won)
- Anthony Russo vs. Ira Karasick (1993; Russo won 7,023 to 5,623)
- David Roberts vs. Anthony Russo (2001; Roberts won 6,064 to 4,759)
- David Roberts vs. Carol Marsh (2005; Roberts won 5,761 to 4,239. See The 2005 Hoboken election)
Federal, state and county representation
Hoboken is in the Thirteenth Congressional Districts and is part of New Jersey's 33rd Legislative District.New Jersey's Thirteenth Congressional District, covering portions of Essex, Hudson, Middlesex, and Union Counties, is now Vacant. The seat had been represented by Robert Menendez (D), who was appointed to the United States Senate to fill the seat vacated by Governor of New Jersey Jon Corzine. New Jersey is represented in the Senate by Frank Lautenberg (D, Cliffside Park) and Robert Menendez (D, Union City).
The 33rd legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Bernard Kenny (D, Hoboken) and in the Assembly by Albio Sires (D, West New York) and Brian P. Stack (D, Union City). The Governor of New Jersey is Jon Corzine (D, Hoboken).
Hudson County's County Executive is Thomas A. DeGise. The executive, together with the Board of Chosen Freeholders in a legislative role, administer all county business. Hudson County's nine Freeholders (as of 2006) are: District 1: Doreen McAndrew DiDomenico; District 2: William O'Dea; District 3: Jeffrey Dublin; District 4: Eliu Rivera; District 5: Maurice Fitzgibbons; District 6: Tilo Rivas; District 7: Silverio Vega; District 8: Thomas Liggio; and District 9: Albert Cifelli.
Character
In the mid 20th century Hoboken sank from its earlier incarnation as a lively port town into a rundown condition. It was often included in lists with other New Jersey towns and cities that had seen much better days, such as Paterson, Elizabeth, and Camden. The old economic underpinnings of port traffic and manufacturing had shrunk to near the vanishing point and nothing new seemed to be on the horizon. Then, in the late 1970s, the town witnessed a surprising speculation spree fueled by transplanted New Yorkers, which over the course of two decades displaced the native population as wealthier newcomers bought up the turn-of-the-century brownstones the native population had maintained intact. Amid this social upheaval, Hoboken experienced a rejuvenation that led to its becoming, by the mid-1990s, easily one of the state's most vibrant communities. As mentioned above, the key factor in the turnaround was the adoption of the town by artists and "bohemian types" with close ties to New York City who valued the superior aesthetics of Hoboken's residential, civic and commercial architecture, along with the quick train hop into Lower Manhattan.The city today is noted for its excellent views of Manhattan, fine-grained street grid, historic architecture, and lively collection of restaurants and bars. Its compactness and historic street layout mean that a car is more of a hindrance than a help in getting around, and the city retains a basic pedestrian orientation. On weekend nights the town swells with young partygoers from nearby New Jersey towns who practice a rowdier style of barhopping than is fashionable across the river in Manhattan. Hoboken pockets their liquor money and quiet Sundays see families and artsy types back in possession of streets and parks.
Hoboken's gentrification has become relatively advanced, though a large base of native residents remains in the city and holds political power. The population of "newcomers" or "yuppies", as they are typically called in the local press, consists of college and post-graduate students, bi-nationals, older artists and, increasingly, well-to-do commuters to Manhattan. The presence of these individuals gives Hoboken a unique energy and a growing reputation as a desirable place to live. However, the rising cost of living in the town, particularly in rental units, has already resulted in a significant exodus of the "bohemian" population that was responsible for turning the city's reputation around. Many of those who remain worry that if present trends continue unabated the town will consist of little else than restaurants/bars, bank branches, real-estate brokers and cellphone stores, and question whether such a "boutique town" is sustainable in the long run.
Waterfront
The Hoboken waterfront is the western shore of the Hudson from Newark Street to Stevens Institute of Technology, sandwiched by the Lincoln Tunnel to the north and the Holland Tunnel to the south, directly across from Lower Manhattan's Canal Street. The waterfront defined Hoboken as an archetypal port town and powered its economy from the mid-19th century to outbreak of World War I, when the federal government seized most of it under eminent domain. Control of the waterfront was returned to the city in the early 1950s. On the Waterfront, consistently listed among the five best American films ever, was filmed here, dramatically highlighting the rough and tumble lives of dockworkers and the infiltration of unions by organized crime. Today the waterfront is cherished for its scenic views of the Hudson and Manhattan, accessible to all by professionally landscaped parks built on the foundations of former piers (Pier A, Pier C, Sinatra Park and Pier 14).
Education
Public schools
Hoboken's public schools are operated by Hoboken Public Schools, an Abbott District. The district is comprised of three K-5 elementary schools ( [Calabro Primary School], [Connors Primary School] and [Wallace Primary School]), two middle schools serving grades 6-8 ([Joseph F. Brandt Middle School] and [A.J. DeMarest Middle School]) and Hoboken High School for garde 9-12.In addition, Hoboken has the following K-8 charter schools:
- Elysian Charter School
- Hoboken Charter School
Private schools
The following private schools are located in Hoboken:- All Saint's Episcopal Day School
- The Hudson School
- Mustard Seed School
- Stevens Coopertive School
Trivia
- Hoboken is the site of the first brewery in the United States, Castle Point.
- The site of the first known baseball game between two different teams, which took place at Elysian Fields, on Hudson Street between 10th and 11th Streets, where a commerative plaque and street paving are located.
- The site of the first demonstration of a steam locomotive in the United States at 56 Newark Street at Hudson Street.
- The first departure of an electrified train, driven by Thomas A. Edison from Hoboken Terminal to Montclair.
- The first central air-conditioning unit was installed at Hoboken Terminal.
- The first wireless phone was used in Hoboken Terminal.
- The site of a World War I embarkation point, 1st and 2nd Streets at River Street—almost all American troops sent to Europe left from here.
- The home of the accidental invention of soft ice-cream, at 726 Washington Street.
- Home to the first Blimpie restaurant, opened in 1964. Originally located on Sixth and Washington Street, before relocating a year later two doors down to the corner of Seventh and Washington, then, in the mid-1990s, to First and Washington. A free goldfish in a colored bowl of water was given to all customers who purchased a Blimpie during the first week open. *Hoboken limits by law the number of liquor licences to the number of blocks and the limit is usually reached. Additionally, no license can be moved to within 200 feet of another bar or 500 feet from a church, which makes it nearly impossible to open a new bar (except in newly renovated perimeter regions of the city).
- There is an average of one church for every block.
- Hoboken has had 36 mayors since 1855.
- The title characters in the 2004 film Harold and Kumar Go to White Castle hailed from Hoboken. This could possibly be due to director Danny Leiner's own pre-Hollywood life spent here, as his earlier blockbuster film, Dude, Where's My Car?, also included a reference to the city (an alien character swears to banish another alien menace to Hoboken, New Jersey).
- On the animated series Megas XLR, which is set in New Jersey, in the episode "All I Wanted Was A Slushie", after Coop bemoans the fact that his city is now devoid of slushie machines, and an alien robot is poised to wipe the town off the map as well, Jamie suggests that they go to Hoboken to find a Mega Slush machine, which Coop summarily dismisses by saying "Yeah, but...that's Hoboken."
- Hoboken is a well known as a railroad town. The term "hobo" (i.e., a railroad journeyman) is incorrectly believed to have stemmed from the groups of hobos travelling from Hoboken. (See below.)
- Hoboken has 48 streets.
- In the 1950 Bugs Bunny cartoon 8 Ball Bunny, the performing penguin reveals he needs to go to Hoboken, after Bugs slaved the entire episode to get him to the South Pole.
- Hoboken's name is actually derived from the Hobocan Hacking Indian tribe that lived here, not traveling hobos as often told.
- Hoboken High School student Siglinda Sanchez became the first Puerto Rican Capitol Page in Washington DC in 1973-74 during her High School Senior year. She served as House Speaker Carl Albert's personal page that Summer as well. She was featured on What's My Line? and Jeopardy! game shows as well as a featured story on "Josie and the Pussycats" "In the News"
- Creators of the Broadway Musical Hair James Rado and Jerome Ragne lived in Hoboken at 64 10th st. in 1968 when they wrote the play and its classic songs such as "Aquarius/Let the Sunshine", "Hair" and "How Can I be Sure" to name a few.
- Hoboken was once known as the city with "a bar on every corner" and in fact was once listed in Guinness Book of Records as the city with "Most bars in a square mile". There were well over 200 bars in town in the first half of the 20th century. There are still well over 100 now.
- Hoboken is home to Maxwells rock club. Once dubbed New York's best rock club, even though it's in Hoboken. Springsteen's "Glory Days" video was shot there. Bands such as Nirvana, REM, Alice in Chains, Soundgarden, Nine Inch Nails, Psychedelic Furs, Echo & the Bunnymen, Franz Ferdinand, David Byrne, Jeff Buckley, 10,000 Maniacs, Sonic Youth, The Cranberries, and numerous other acts that have gone on to become huge stars and some even reached legendary status.
- The now-defunct band, Operation Ivy penned and recorded the song "Hoboken" about this town.
- Frank Sinatra was born and raised in Hoboken. The Hoboken Public Library has so many of his CDs that they count him as a separate genre.
Noteworthy Residents
- Robert J. Androsiglio, Fields Medal Winner, Nobel Laureate in Literature, and Guitar Hero Enthusiast.
- Michael C. Bollhardt, Former CEO of several Fortune 500 Companies, Recipient Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, Rhodes Scholar.
- Alexander Calder, leading 20th century sculptor and artist.
- Michael Chang, professional tennis player.
- Jon Corzine, Governor of New Jersey.
- Mitch Fatel, stand-up comedian and former Howard Stern intern.
- Stephen Foster, master 19th century songwriter.
- Tony Goldwyn, actor.
- Hetty Green, (in)famous business woman
- Michael Jerrick, Host of the morning television series Fox & Friends.
- Freedy Johnston, singer-songwriter
- Alfred Kinsey, famous psychologist who studied sexual behavior.
- Alfred Kroeber, prominent 20th century anthropologist.
- Artie Lange, comedic actor, alum of MADtv and regular on the Howard Stern Show.
- Dorothea Lange, prominent portrait photographer.
- Caroline Leavitt, author.
- Mark Leyner, postmodern author.
- G. Gordon Liddy, Watergate conspirator and radio talk show host.
- Janet Lupo, Playboy Playmate for November 1975.
- Eli Manning, New York Giants football player.
- Jesse Palmer, former professional football player, former star of the TV show The Bachelor.
- Joe Pantoliano, actor.
- María Pépe, first girl to play Little League baseball.
- Daniel Pinkwater, National Public Radio commentator and author.
- Jeremy Shockey, NY Giants football player.
- Frank Sinatra, singer and actor. He was born at 415 Monroe Street.
- Alfred Stieglitz [link], leading figure of 19th and early 20th Century American photography.
- Jeff Tamarkin, music journalist and editor.
- Kanye West, hip hop artist and producer.
- Yo La Tengo, art-rock band.
- Pia Zadora, singer and actress
Local attractions
- Stevens Institute of Technology
- Hoboken Terminal Waiting Room
- Marineview Plaza Complex
- North Hoboken Harbor
- Castle Point
- Sybil's Cave
- Maxwell's Rock Club, once dubbed New York's best rock club, even though it's in Hoboken
Parks
- Castle Point Park
- Church Square Park
- Columbus Park
- Elysian Park
- Frank Sinatra Park
- Gateway Park
- Jackson Street Park
- Leigon Park
- Madison Park
- Pier 14 (14th street pier)
- Pier A
- Stevens Park
- Hudson Tea Building Walkway
- Hoboken Island (to be built)
- Hoboken Parks Initiative
External links
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| State of New Jersey
|
|---|---|
| Capital | Trenton |
| Regions | Central Jersey | Delaware Valley | Jersey Shore | Meadowlands | North Jersey | Pine Barrens | South Jersey | New York metro area | Tri-State Region |
| Major Cities | Atlantic City | Bayonne | Camden | Clifton | Dover Township (Toms River) | East Orange | Elizabeth | Hackensack | Hoboken | Jersey City | Linden | Long Branch | New Brunswick | Newark | Passaic | Paterson | Perth Amboy | Plainfield | Princeton | Union City | Vineland | In addition to the major cities listed, All Municipalities (by Population) |
| Counties | Atlantic | Bergen | Burlington | Camden | Cape May | Cumberland | Essex | Gloucester | Hudson | Hunterdon | Mercer | Middlesex | Monmouth | Morris | Ocean | Passaic | Salem | Somerset | Sussex | Union | Warren |
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