Homogenization
Encyclopedia : H : HO : HOM : Homogenization
Homogenization is a term used in Chemistry, agricultural science and in cell biology.
Chemistry
Intensive mixing of mutually insoluble phases (sometimes with addition of Surfactants) to obtain a soluble suspension or emulsion.In Science:
- Homogeneous — a mixture that is the same(uniform) throughout.
- Heterogeneous — a mixture that has separate parts.
Cell biology
Homogenization is a process that involves breaking apart cells - releasing organelles and cytoplasm. When the purpose is to extract organelles, it is frequently done in two steps; first using a blender to break the tissue up, and then with an ultrasonic or mechanical tissue disruptor. The organelles are then generally separated using differential centrifugation. Depending upon the subcellular fraction wanted, different processes are used to separate them. When the aim is to extract nucleic acids, the tissue is often ground in a mortar and pestle under liquid nitrogen.
Sometimes, however, a much milder procedure is followed, where the aim is to collect whole, intact cells. Homogenized cells must be kept at low temperatures to prevent autolysis and kept in an isotonic solution to prevent osmotic damage.
External links
- [homogenization equipment] with detailed description
- [explanation of the technology] along with theories on how the homogenization mechanism actually works.
- [Homogenizing with Blades, Rotors and Pressure homogenizers.]
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