Hypolipidemic agent
Encyclopedia : H : HY : HYP : Hypolipidemic agent
hypolipidemic agents, or antihyperlipidemic agents, are a diverse group of pharmaceuticals that are used in the treatment of hyperlipidemias. They are called lipid-lowering drugs (LLD) or agents.
Classes of hypolipidemic drugs
There are several classes of hypolipidemic drugs. They differ in adverse effects and impact on the cholesterol profile. That is, some may lower the "bad cholesterol" LDL-C more so than others, while others may preferentially increase HDL-C, "the good cholesterol". Clinically, the choice of an agent will depend on the patient's cholesterol levels, [cardiovascular risk], and the liver and kidney functions of the patient, evaluated against the balancing of risks and benefits of the medications. In the United States, this is guided by the evidence-based guideline from the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII).
- statins are particularly well-suited for lowering LDL-C, the cholesterol with the strongest links to cardiovascular diseases. In studies using standard doses it has been found to lower LDL-C by 18% to 55%.
- fibrates are indicated when the dyslipidemia is charactered by elevated triglycerides, which they lower by 20% to 50%. Level of the good cholesterol HDL-C is also increased. LDL-C is only marginally decreased and may in fact increase by increased conversion from triglycerides.
- nicotinic acid, like fibrates, is also well-suited for lowering triglycerides, which is lowered by 20% to 50%. Benefitial effects on both LDL-C and HDL-C are also seen.
- bile acid sequestrants (resins) are particularly effective for lowering LDL-C. It decreases LDL-C level by 15% to 30% and raises HDL-C. It has little effect on triglycerides.
- phytosterol (cholesterol absorption inhibitors)
- CETP Inhibitors (cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors)
- squalene synthase inhibitor
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