Imamah (Shi'a doctrine)
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- ''This article is about the Shi'a concept, for the more general Islamic term, see Imam.
Introduction
Shi'a belive that at any given time, a certain leader titled The Imam of Time, is the Guardian of all Muslims.Within Shi'ism, there are various sects that differ over the number of Imams, or path of succession. The issue of who is the rightful Imam has led to the growth of numerous sects within Shi'ism including: Twelvers (with Shaykhís), Ismailis (Seveners), Zaidis (Fivers), Alawites, Alevites, Druze, Ahl-e Haqq and others.
Imams
Twelver view
According to the majority of Shī'a, namely the Twelvers (Ithnā'ashariyya), the following is a listing of the rightful successors to Muhammad. Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam except for Hussayn ibn 'Alī, who was the brother of Hassan ibn 'Alī.
- Alī ibn Abī Tālib (600 CE-661 CE)
- Hassan ibn Alī (625-669)
- Hussayn ibn Alī (626-680)
- Alī ibn Hussayn (658-713), also known as Zayn al-Abideen
- Muhammad al-Baqir (676-743)
- Jafar as-Sadiq (703-765)
- Musa al-Kazim (745-799)
- Ali al-Rida (765-818) also known as Ali Reza
- Muħammad at-Tāqī (810-835)''also known as Muhammad al-Jawad
- Ali al-Hadi (827-868) also known as ˤAlī an-Nāqī
- Hasan al-Askari (846-874)
- Muhammad al-Mahdi (868-Present)
Ismaili view
The Ismailis believe that the first five of the first six Imams listed above are the rightful successors of Muhammad, but differ as to the seventh, believing that Ismail bin Jafar was the rightful successor, and not his brother Musa al-Kazim. From Ismail bin Jafar, the Ismaili line of Imams diverges to the descendants of Ismail, from whom the Aga Khans claim descent and their continuity. See [link].
- Ali ibn Abi Talib (600 CE-661 CE)
- Husayn ibn Ali (626-680)
- Ali ibn Husayn (658-713), also known as Zayn al-Abidin
- Muhammad al-Baqir (676-743)
- Jafar al-Sadiq (703-765)
- Ismail bin Jafar
Zaydī view
The Zaydī believe that the first four Imāms listed above are the rightful successors of Muhammad but differ as to the fifth. The Zaydiyya believe that Zayd ibn ˤAlī and not his brother Muhammad al-Baqir was the rightful successor to the Imamate. For Zaydiyya, the Imamate was transferred from Zayd ibn ˤAlī to the Imāms who followed him; they often took the title of caliph. Unusually, the Zaydī caliphate was not hereditary, although the caliph has to be descended from ˤAlī ibn Abī Tālib.
- Alī ibn Abī Tālib (600 CE-661 CE)
- Hassan ibn Alī (625-669)
- Hussayn ibn Alī (626-680)
- Alī ibn Hussayn (658-713), also known as Zayn al-Abidin
- Zayd ibn Alī (d. 740)
See also
External links
- [Twelve Successors]
- [History of Imams from the "Aga Khani" point of view]
- [Bay Area Shiite-Muslims Association] (basma.us)
- [Graphical illustration of the Shia sects]
- [The Shia Islamic Guide] (shiacode.com)
- [Imamah in Sunni Islam]
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