Indus Waters Treaty

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The Indus Waters Treaty is a water-sharing treaty between India and Pakistan. The treaty was signed in Karachi on September 19, 1960 by the then Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and the then President of Pakistan Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan. The World Bank (then the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) is a signatory as a third party.

Provisions

The Indus System of Rivers comprises three Eastern Rivers - the Sutlej, the Beas and the Ravi; and three Western Rivers - the Indus, the Jhelum and Chenab. With minor exceptions, the treaty gives India exclusive use of all of the waters of the Eastern Rivers and their tributaries before the point where the rivers enter Pakistan. Similarly, Pakistan has exclusive use of the Western Rivers. Pakistan also received one-time financial compensation for the loss of water from the Eastern rivers.

The countries agree to exchange data and co-operate in matters related to the treaty. For this purpose, treaty creates the Permanent Indus Commission, with a commissioner appointed by each country.

References

[Indus Waters Treaty] Information about the treaty (including the full text), hosted at the World Bank's website.
[Indus Case Study]. Adapted from Beach, H.L., Hamner, J., Hewitt, J.J., Kaufman, E.,Kurki, A., Oppenheimer, J.A., and Wolf, A.T. (2000). Transboundary Freshwater Dispute Resolution: Theory, Practice, and Annotated References. United Nations University Press. Hosted at the Transboundry Freshwater Dispute Database, Oregon State University.

External links

[Bibliography Water Resources and International Law] See Indus River. Peace Palace Libray
[The Indus Waters Treaty: A History]. Henry L. Stimson Center.
[Ministry of Water Resources, India]

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