Iran crisis
Encyclopedia : I : IR : IRA : Iran crisis
The
Iran crisis was an
international crisis concerning
Iran in
1946. The
Soviet Union under
Joseph Stalin continued to
occupy Iran. After the
Shah,
Reza Shah Pahlavi, declared sympathies with
Hitler,
United Kingdom and the
Soviet Union sent troops to Iran, which resulted in sending the
Shah into exile to
Mauritius. His son,
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, was then appointed as the new king by the occupying forces. In 1946 parts of Iran were occupied by British forces and the
Red Army had occupied the northern parts. Stalin was attempting to extend the Soviet sphere of influence by assisting in the building of new independent countries, so the Kurdish
Republic of Mahabad was founded under president Pesheva
Qazi Muhammad. After the Soviet Union was forced to leave Iran because of pressure from the
United States, the Iranian army with help of foreign forces and its neighbours was able to conquer the
Kurdish capital
Mahabad. The leaders of the Republic were hanged in
Chwarchira Square in the center of Mahabad in
1947.
The result of the conflict become one of the factors in the evolving and differing political relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union. It was also one of the first steps at the beginning of the Cold War.
Literature
- André Fontaine, La guerre froide 1917-1991, Editions de la Martinière, 2004, ISBN 2846751390
- George Lenczowski, "The Communist Movement in Iran", Middle East Journal, no. 1 (January 1947) pp. 29-45
- Archie Roosevelt, Jr., "The Kurdish Republic of Mahabad", Middle East Journal, no. 1 (July 1947), pp. 247-69
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