Jerry Fontaine
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Jerry Fontaine is an Aboriginal politician in the Canadian province of Manitoba. He served as chief of the Sagkeeng First Nation from 1989 to 1998, led the newly-formed First Peoples Party in the 1995 provincial election, and was an unsuccessful candidate to lead the Manitoba Liberal Party in 1998. Fontaine is the nephew of Assembly of First Nations leader Phil Fontaine.
Early career
Fontaine received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Manitoba in 1976.[#endnote_BA] He first campaigned for the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in the 1986 provincial election, contesting Lac du Bonnet as a Liberal. The Liberal Party was a weak electoral force in Manitoba during this period, and Fontaine received only 959 votes (11.33%). The winner was Clarence Baker of the New Democratic Party.
Sagkeeng chief and FPP leader
Fontaine became chief of the Sagkeeng First Nation three years later, and led the community until 1998. Fontaine was a supporter of local gambling rights[#endnote_gambling], and launched a private prosecution against the Pine Falls pulp mill in 1995 for violations of the Water Rights Act.[#endnote_mill] By his own admission, he tore up his Liberal Party membership in 1994 when the Canadian government of Jean Chrétien relaxed anti-pollution standards for the area near his community.[#endnote_membership] He became a prominent spokesman for Manitoba's newly-formed First Peoples Party (FPP) in November of the same year,[#endnote_FPP] and was eventually recognized as party leader.[#endnote_FPP2]
The FPP was created following a 1993 resolution of the Assembly of Manitoba chiefs, advocating a political party focused on aboriginal issues.[#endnote_AM] The party argued that all native peoples in Canada have an inherent right to self-government, and asserted that the country's traditional political parties were not addressing aboriginal concerns.[#endnote_FPP3] Fontaine emphasized that the FPP was open to all Manitobans, not simply those of aboriginal background.
The party ran three candidates in the 1995 provincial election, all of whom were defeated. Fontaine ran a credible campaign in the vast northern constituency of Rupertsland, but received only 541 votes (12.22%) and finished fourth against New Democrat Eric Robinson, who is also aboriginal. The FPP ceased to exist after the election.
In 1998, an investigation by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation raised allegations that a separate aboriginal-issues party called Independent Native Voice (INV) had been set up by Progressive Conservative organizers to take votes from the New Democratic Party in marginal constituencies. A commission led by Judge Alfred Monnin ruled that these organizers had induced at least one candidate, Darryl Sutherland, to run. The FPP was not implicated in this scandal.[#endnote_INV]
In 1998, Fontaine informed the media that Sutherland had approached him late in the 1995 campaign to acknowledge that Conservative organizers provided him with funds. He encouraged Sutherland to take his story to the press, through Sutherland rejected this advice at the time.[#endnote_Sutherland] Referring to the scandal in 1998, Fontaine asserted that "the Tories took advantage of Aboriginal individuals who weren't all that involved in political issues or political life",[#endnote_quote] and argued that the incident was symptomatic of the way aboriginal voters were sometimes treated by the mainstream parties.
Liberal leadership campaign
Fontaine rejoined the Manitoba Liberal Party after the FPP's dissolution, and became a candidate for the party leadership in 1998 following the resignation of Ginny Hasselfield. He was 42 years old at the time. His candidacy was organized by Ernie Gilroy[#endnote_Gilroy], and won support from figures such as Terry Duguid and Graham Dixon.[#endnote_Duguid] Fontaine emphasized that he was not a protest candidate, and his campaign did not focus exclusively on aboriginal issues. Although initially regarded as the frontrunner, he lost to former Member of Parliament Jon Gerrard by 1336 votes to 832 in a mail-in ballot open to all party members. He was not a candidate in the 1999 provincial election.
Wing Construction
During the 1998 leadership contest, Fontaine was served with a $100,000 lawsuit from Wing Construction Limited, which had previously received a contract for school construction in Sagkeeng.[#endnote_lawsuit] Wing claimed that the Sagkeeng council had not turned over promised funds, resulting in a loss for the company of three million dollars.[#endnote_Wing] The federal government later determined that the contract had not been formally approved by the Department of Indian Affairs, and Wing was forced into bankruptcy protection in 2000. Fontaine described the personal lawsuit as "frivolous", and was later quoted as alleging that the company had overstated the value of its work.[#endnote_overstate] Others have disputed this, and Alan Isfeld of the Waywayseecappo First Nation has argued that the collapse of Wing Construction creates a potentially destructive precedent for aboriginal/non-aboriginal partnerships in Canada.[#endnote_Wayway]
Separate from the Wing Construction controversy, several members of the Sagkeeng first nation accused Fontaine of inadequate on-reserve housing during his 1998 leadership bid.[#endnote_protest] He resigned as chief following a series of protests, announcing that he needed to devote all of his attention to the leadership contest.[#endnote_resign] He later defended his financial record as chief against what he described as a "continued siege by government and media alike".[#endnote_siege]
Since 1998
Fontaine was one of three candidates seeking the leadership of Manitoba's Southern Chiefs Organization in June 2003. He finished third, receiving only two votes out of 31 cast.[#endnote_Southern]
As of 2005, Fontaine serves as an advisor to AFN leader Phil Fontaine and promotes education within Canada's aboriginal communities.[#endnote_edu] He has argued that aboriginal communities should have control over First Nations post-secondary institutions.[#endnote_edu2]
Electoral Record
| 1995 provincial election, Rupertsland | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Expenditures | ||||||||||||||||||
| New Democratic Party | (x)Eric Robinson | 2,249 | 50.80 | ,077.00 |- |bgcolor="lightcoral"| | Liberal | Harry Wood | 1,018 | 23.00 | ,182.52 |- |bgcolor="#9999FF"| | Progressive Conservative | Eric Kennedy | 619 | 13.98 | ,427.91 |- |bgcolor="gainsboro"| | Ind. (First Peoples Party) | Jerry Fontaine | 541 | 12.22 | ,852.48 | ||||
| Total valid votes | 4,427 | 100.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Rejected and discarded ballots | 22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 4,449 | 44.83 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 1986 provincial election, Lac du Bonnet | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | ||||||||||
| New Democratic Party | Clarence Baker | 3,903 | 46.12 | |- |bgcolor="#9999FF"| | Progressive Conservative | Darren Praznik | 3,601 | 42.55 | |- |bgcolor="lightcoral"| | Liberal | Jerry Fontaine | 959 | 11.33 | |
| Total valid votes | 8,463 | 100.00 | ||||||||||||
| Rejected ballots | 17 | |||||||||||||
| Turnout | 8,480 | 73.94 | ||||||||||||
Notes and sources
- ↑ Dan Lett, "Liberals grooming aboriginal leader", Winnipeg Free Press, 24 April 1998, A1.
- ↑ Randy Turner, "Gamblers swarm palace", Winnipeg Free Press, 26 June 1993, City Page.
- ↑ Kevin Rollason, "Sagkeeng chief charges mill", Winnipeg Free Press, 28 April 1995, City Page.
- ↑ David Kuxhaus, "Fontaine feels he can mend fractured Liberal party", Winnipeg Free Press, 25 April 1998, A6.
- ↑ David Roberts, "Manitoba natives form own party", Globe and Mail, 29 November 1994, A4.
- ↑ Lett, "Liberals grooming aboriginal leader".
- ↑ "Aboriginal party in Manitoba would be open to all", Financial Post, 30 November 1994, p. 6.
- ↑ ibid, and Kelly Taylor, "Native North shops for any port in a storm", Winnipeg Free Press, 24 April 1995, City Page.
- ↑ "The 1999 Michener Award Winner", The Michener Awards Foundation. (web article) [link]
- ↑ Paul Samyn, "Prominent native leader tells of discussions in 1995", Winnipeg Free Press, 3 July 1998, A4.
- ↑ "Filmon to testify at alleged election-rigging inquiry", The Manitoban, 18 November 1998. [link]
- ↑ Kuxhaus, "Grits pick Gerrard as their saviour", Winnipeg Free Press, 18 October 1998, A1.
- ↑ Kuxhaus, "Fontaine feels he can mend fractured Liberal party".
- ↑ Kuxhaus, "Liberal leader hopeful faces lawsuit", Winnipeg Free Press, 2 October 1998, A1.
- ↑ Paul Barnsley, "Partners battle over school construction", Windspeaker, April 2000. [link]
- ↑ Alan Isfeld, Letter to the Editor, Grassroots News, 28 January 2004. [link]
- ↑ "Government manipulation", Windspeaker, January 2001. [link]
- ↑ Stevens Wild, "Sit-in at Sagkeeng protests lack of houses", Winnipeg Free Press, 27 August 1998, A3.
- ↑ Rollason, "Chief's quitting heartens protest", Winnipeg Free Press, 2 September 1998, A6.
- ↑ Jerry Fontaine, "Sagkeeng siege unwarranted", Winnipeg Free Press, 12 March 2001, A7.
- ↑ "In Brief", Winnipeg Free Press, 27 June 2003, A6.
- ↑ "Aboriginal-Education", Broadcast News, 15 April 2005, 04:11 report.
- ↑ Anne Kyle, "First Nations should control their own education: national chief", Regina Leader Post, 15 April 2005, A5.
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