Jin (Korean history)
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Jin was an early Iron Age state which occupied some portion of the southern Korean peninsula during the 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE, bordering the Korean kingdom Gojoseon to the north. Its capital was somewhere south of the Han River.
It preceded the Samhan confederacies, which variously claimed to be successors of Jin.
History
Proto-Three Kingdoms:
Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye
Samhan
Three Kingdoms:
Goguryeo
Baekje
Silla, Gaya
Unified Silla, Balhae
Later Three Kingdoms
Goryeo
Khitan wars
Mongol invasions
Joseon
Seven Year War
Korean Empire
Japanese rule
Provisional Gov't
Divided Korea
Korean War
North, South Korea
Military history
List of Monarchs
Jin appears in various Chinese chronicles including the Sanguo Zhi, as sending occasional embassies to the court of the Han Dynasty.
To what degree Jin was an organized state is not clear. It seems likely that it was a federation of small states much like the subsequent Samhan. For the state to be able to contend with Wiman Joseon and send embassies to the court of Han, there was probably some level of stable central authority. Lee (1984, p. 24) also suggests that the kingdom's attempt to open direct contacts "suggests a strong desire on the part of Chin
King Jun of Gojoseon is reported to have fled to Jin after Wei Man seized his throne and established Wiman Joseon. This was the general pattern of migration at this time, leading to increased technological development in the southern Korean peninsula.
Some believe that Chinese mentions of Gaeguk or Gaemaguk (蓋馬國, Kingdom of armored horses) refers to Jin. Goguryeo is said to have conquered "Gaemaguk" in 26 AD, but this may refer to a different tribe in northern Korea.
Records are somewhat contradictory on Jin's demise: it either became the later Jinhan, or diverged into the Samhan as a whole. Archeological records of Jin have been found centered in territory that later became Mahan.[[Citing sources citation needed]]
Archeology
Archeologically, Jin is commonly identified with the Korean bronze dagger culture, which succeeded the Liaoning bronze dagger culture in the late first millennium BCE. The most abundant finds from this culture have been in southwestern Korea’s Chungcheong and Jeolla regions. This suggests that Jin was based in the same area, which roughly coincides with the fragmentary historical evidence. Artifacts of the culture are found throughout southern Korea and were also exported to the Yayoi people of Kyushu, Japan (Lee, 1996).Legacy
Jin was succeeded by the Samhan or "Three Hans." The Jin name continued to be used in the name of the Jinhan confederacy and in the name "Byeonjin," an alternate term for Byeonhan. In addition, for some time the leader of Mahan continued to call himself the "Jin king," asserting nominal overlordship over all of the Samhan tribes.See also
References
Lee, C.-k. (1996). The bronze dagger culture of Liaoning province and the Korean peninsula. Korea Journal 36(4), 17-27. [link]
Lee, K.-b. (1984). A new history of Korea. Tr. by E.W. Wagner & E.J. Schulz, based on the 1979 rev. ed. Seoul: Ilchogak. ISBN 89-337-0204-0.
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