Joe Louis
Encyclopedia : J : JO : JOE : Joe Louis
- ''For the dessert cake, see Jos. Louis'
Biography
Early life and career
The son of Monroe Barrow, a cotton picker, and Lilly Reese, a homemaker, his father died in an asylum when Louis was only four years old. He became interested in boxing after his mother re-married and the family moved to Detroit in 1924. He went on to win Michigan's Golden Gloves title, after which he turned professional in 1934. Louis made his debut on July 4 of that year, knocking out Jack Kracken in the first round at Chicago, Illinois. He won 12 fights that year, all in Chicago, 10 by knockout. Among his opponents in 1934 were Art Sykes and Stanley Poreda.Joe Louis's trainer was Jack Blackburn. Joe and he called each other "Chappie."
Ascendency
In 1935, Louis fought 13 times, creating a sensation. He knocked out his first world champion when he knocked out former world Heavyweight champion Primo Carnera in six rounds. Louis then knocked out the iron-chinned former heavyweight champion Max Baer in four rounds. Before losing to Louis, Baer had never been knocked off his feet. Louis also knocked out Paolino Uzcudun, who had never been knocked down or out before Louis kayoed him.Louis began 1936 knocking out Charlie Retzlaff in the first round. In his next fight, he was matched with former world Heavyweight champion Max Schmeling, who was thought to be fading when he upset Louis by a knockout in 12 at New York.
Max Schmeling
Schmeling now deserved a fight for the title, but was denied a chance to challenge the world champion in large part due to his relatively weak ties to the German Nazi Party.That year Louis had four more bouts, winning all of them. Among the boxers he knocked out were former Heavyweight champ Jack Sharkey and Eddie Simms, who turned and asked the referee to take a walk on the roof with him after being knocked down by Louis. The referee stopped the fight right away.
1937 came by, and after a ten round decision win over a running Bob Pastor, Louis was matched with world champion James J. Braddock in Chicago for the World Heavyweight title. Louis was dropped in round one, but he got up and knocked Braddock out in round eight, winning the world heavyweight championship. He said after the fight, however, that he would not feel like a world champion until he beat one man: Schmeling. Louis retained the title three times, outpointing the Welshman Tommy Farr in 15 rounds in hiis first title defense, and knocking out Nathan Mann in three and Harry Thomas in five.
The rematch with Schmeling finally took place, on June 22, 1938. This time the fight was hyped on both sides of the Atlantic, and many fans around the world saw this fight as a symbol: Louis representing the American interests and Schmeling, who was wrongly seen as a Nazi, fighting for Germany and white supremacy. This 'Good vs Evil' perception was mistaken, as Schmeling was, at best, a hesitant poster boy for the regime. Aside from employing a Jewish manager, Joe Jacobs, he also sheltered the two sons of Jewish friends after Kristallnacht at considerable personal risk.
The fight itself ended quickly, with Louis knocking out Schmeling in the first round.
During World War II
In all, Louis made 25 defenses of his heavyweight title from '37 to 1949. He was a world champion for 11 years and 10 months. Louis set records for any division in number of defenses and longevity as world champion non stop, and both records still stand. His most remarkable record is that he knocked out 23 opponents in 27 title fights.
Other notable title defenses before Louis enlisted in the US Army during World War Two that period were:
- his fight versus world Light Heavyweight champion John Henry Lewis, knocked out in the first.
- his fight with Two Ton Tony Galento, who knocked Louis down in the third round with a left hook. Giving Galento a terrible beating, Louis knocked Galento out in the fourth round.
- his two fights with Chilean Arturo Godoy. In their first bout Louis won by a decision, and then Louis won the rematch by a knockout in the eight round.
- his fight with world Light Heavyweight champion Billy Conn, the first of which is remembered as one of the greatest fights in heavywieght history. Conn, smaller than Louis, said that he planned to "hit and run,' prompting Louis's famous response, "He can run, but he can't hide." After 12 rounds Conn was ahead on points, only to be knocked out by Louis in the 13th round. In the rematch, held when the two fighters returned from World War Two, Louis won by a knockout in the eighth round.
Louis served in the Army from 1942 to 1945 and spent that period travelling around Europe visiting with the fighting troops and boxing in exhibitions. During this time, he became a national spokesman for the Army. After he came back to keep defending his title in 1946, Louis looked somewhat slower in his fights, and his best years were obviously behind him. On March 1, 1949 Louis announced his retirement from boxing.
1950s
In 1950, burdened by I.R.S. debt, he announced a comeback and he lost a 15 round unanimous decision to world champion Ezzard Charles, who had won the title after Louis retired. Overweight and much slower than he had been in his prime, Louis kept boxing, but at a level far below that of his championship days. In 1951, Louis lost by a knockout in eight rounds to the future world Heavyweight Champion, Rocky Marciano. He retired with a record of 68 wins and 3 losses, with an amazing 54 of those wins coming by knockout.Louis became a professional wrestler in 1956 but quit in 1957 due to injuries suffered during a match.
Retirement and later life
A few years after his retirement, a movie about his life, The Joe Louis Story, was filmed in Hollywood. The role of Joe Louis was played by fighter Coley Wallace. Louis remained a popular celebrity in his twilight years. In his later years, Frank Sinatra gave him a job welcoming tourists to the Caesar's Palace hotel in Las Vegas.
Max Schmeling and Louis remained friends until Louis' death.
Joe Louis died of a heart attack in 1981. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia. His life and his achievements prompted famed New York sportswriter Jimmy Cannon to write "Joe Louis is a credit to his race - the human race."
Filmography
- The Phynx, 1970
- The Fight Never Ends, 1949
- Johnny at the Fair, 1947
- Joe Palooka, Champ, 1946
- This Is the Army, 1943
- Spirit of Youth, 1938
- Max Schmeling siegt über Joe Louis, 1936
Commemoration
Louis was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal of Honor, the highest award given by the U.S. legislative branch, in 1982. Congress stated that he "did so much to bolster the spirit of the American people during one of the most crucial times in American history and which have endured throughout the years as a symbol of strength for the nation." He has a sports complex named after him in Detroit, the Joe Louis Arena, where the Detroit Red Wings play their NHL games. A memorial to Louis was dedicated in Detroit (at Jefferson Avenue & Woodward) on October 16, 1986. The sculpture, commissioned by Time, Inc. and executed by Robert Graham, is a 24-foot long arm with a fisted hand suspended by a 24-foot high pyramidal framework. It represents the power of his punch both inside and outside the ring.Louis was named by Ring Magazine as boxing's number one puncher in history in 2003.
See also
- Lineal heavyweight champions
- List of heavyweight boxing champions
- List of male boxers
- List of notable boxing rivalries
External links
- [Joe Louis' career boxing record]
- [Joe Louis biography International Boxing Hall of Fame]
- [The Brown Bomber -- The man behind The Fist" Jenny Nolan] in The Detroit News
- [Remembering Joe Louis]
- [Joe Louis' Gravesite]
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