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Journalist

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A journalist conducting an interview for German television.
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A journalist conducting an interview for German television.

Topics in Journalism[.]
Professional concepts
Ethics & News values
Objectivity & Attribution
News source
News & Investigation
Reporting & Writing
Business & Citizen
Alternative & Advocacy
Science journalism
Other Topics & Books
Outside influence
Infotainment & Celebrity
Infotainers & Personalities
Distorted news & VNRs
Yellow journalism
Public relations
Propaganda model
News media
Newspapers & Magazines
Agencies
Broadcasting
Online & Blogging
Alternative media
Roles
Journalists, Reporters, Editors, Anchors, Photojournalists,
A journalist is a person who practises journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events, trends, issues and people.

Reporters are one type of journalist. They create reports as a profession for broadcast or publication in mass media such as newspapers, television, radio, magazines, documentary film, and the Internet. Reporters find the sources for their work, their reports can be either spoken or written, and they are generally expected to report in the most objective and unbiased way to serve the public good.

Depending on the context, the term journalist also includes various types of editors and visual journalists, such as photographers, graphic artists, and page designers.

Contents

Origin and scope of the term

In the early 19th century, journalist simply meant someone who wrote for journals, such as Charles Dickens in his early career. In the past century it has come to mean a writer for newspapers and magazines as well.

Many people consider journalist interchangeable with reporter, a person who gathers information and creates a written report, or story. However, this overlooks many other types of journalists, including columnists, leader writers, photographers, editorial designers, and sub-editors (British) or copy editors (American). The only major distinction is that designers, writers and art directors who work exclusively on advertising material - that is, material in which the content is shaped by the person buying the ad, rather than the publication - are not considered journalists.

Regardless of medium, the term journalist carries a connotation or expectation of professionalism in reporting, with consideration for truth, fairness, balance, decency and ethics - although standards can vary widely between publications. Some mass-market newspaper make no pretence of impartiality, though in countries such as the UK they generally adhere to an industry-wide code of conduct. Some editors argue that lack of bias is impossible to achieve, so it is in fact more honest to adopt an editorial opinion whilst ensuring that material is factually accurate

18th-century journalists

19th-century journalists

20th-century print journalists

20th-century broadcast journalists

Internet-only journalists

In recent years the numbers of journalists publishing only on the Internet, as opposed to print or broadcast journalists whose work also appears online, has grown enormously. Some of the best-known include:

Journalists writing fiction

There are many examples of journalists who made their mark writing fiction or other non-journalism, including:

Modern journalists

The explosion of modern media, including the creation of Internet-based news sources and the possibility that citizen journalism will greatly expand the field, has made it all but impossible to identify which journalists are notable, in the sense that they could be identified in the past. The global justice protests in Seattle (1999) gave rise to the independent media movement, exemplified by the [Indymedia Media Center] network, a collective of independent media organizations and hundreds of journalists offering grassroots, non-corporate coverage. Indymedia is a democratic media outlet for the creation of radical, accurate, and passionate tellings of truth.

See also

External links

 

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