Julius Schwartz
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Julius "Julie" Schwartz (June 19, 1915 – February 8, 2004) was a comic book and pulp magazine editor, and a science fiction agent and prominent fan. He was born in The Bronx, New York.
In 1932, Schwartz co-published (with Mort Weisinger and Forrest J. Ackerman) Time Traveller one of the first science fiction fanzines. Schwartz and Weisinger also founded the Solar Sales Service literary agency (1934-1944) where Schwartz represented such writers as Alfred Bester, Robert Bloch, Ray Bradbury, and H. P. Lovecraft, including some of Bradbury's first published work and Lovecraft's last.
Schwartz helped organize the first World Science Fiction Convention in 1939.
In 1944 he became an editor at All-American Comics (which later merged into DC Comics). He recruited Bester to contribute to the company's line of comic books. In the 1950s he oversaw the revival of superheroes such as The Flash, Green Lantern, Hawkman and The Atom, which led to the Silver Age of comic books. This revival has been cited as an inspiration for the transformation of Marvel Comics in the 1960s. The Schwartz-edited line of titles was regarded by many as being more creative and dynamic than other DC titles of the time, notably the Superman line edited by Mort Weisinger.
In the 1960s, Schwartz began editing the Batman titles, helping craft the "new look" Batman which indirectly led to the Batman television series. He also helped writer Dennis O'Neil and artist Neal Adams come to prominence at DC Comics.
From 1971 to 1985 Schwartz was the editor of the Superman titles, helping to modernize the settings of the books and move them away from "gimmick" stories to stories with more of a character-driven nature. This included an attempt to scale back Superman's powers while removing kryptonite as an overused plot device. This proved shortlived with Schwartz bowing to pressure to restore both elements in the titles.
As an editor, Schwartz was heavily involved in the writing of the stories published in his magazines. He worked out the plot with the writer in story conferences. The writer would then break down the plot into a panel-by-panel continuity, and write the dialogue and captions. Schwartz would in turn polish the script, sometimes rewriting extensively.
Schwartz featured as a character in the Ambush Bug titles by Keith Giffen, which he also edited.
Schwartz retired from DC in 1986 after 42 years at the company, but continued to be active in comics and science fiction fandom until shortly before his death. In 2000 he published an autobiography, Man of Two Worlds: My Life in Science Fiction and Comics, co-authored with Brian Thomsen.
In 1998, Dragon*Con chairman Ed Kramer established the Julie Award, bestowed for universal achievement spanning multiple genres, selected each year by an esteemed panel of industry professionals. The inaugural recipient was science fiction and fantasy Grandmaster Ray Bradbury. Additional recipient awards, presented by Schwartz each year, included: Forry Ackerman, Yoshitaka Amano, Alice Cooper, Will Eisner, Harlan Ellison, Neil Gaiman, Carmine Infantino, Anne McCaffrey, and Jim Steranko.
Schwartz died on February 8, 2004, at the age of 88, after being hospitalized for pneumonia.
He received a great deal of recognition over the course of his career, including the 1962 Alley Award for Best Editor, and the Shazam Award for Superior Achievement by an Individual in 1972 for bringing the Marvel Family back into print.
Although Schwartz has gotten praise for his creative endeavors, some criticisms of his behavior towards women came out after his demise. The Comics Journal printed an article which contained female professionals (including Colleen Doran, Jo Duffy, and Jill Thompson) reporting some disturbing behaviour of sexual harassment after the death of his wife. These incidents are alleged to occur in a period after the death of the woman to whom he had been married virtually all of his life, and may reflect the kind of confusion and poor judgment that is often characteristic of such circumstances, rather than being characteristic of his life as a whole.
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