July 12
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Events
- 1191 - Saladin's garrison surrenders, ending the two-year siege of Acre. Conrad of Montferrat, who has negotiated the surrender, raises the banners of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and of the Third Crusade leaders Richard I of England, Philip II of France, and Leopold V of Austria on the city's walls and towers.
- 1543 - King Henry VIII of England marries his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr at Hampton Court Palace.
- 1573 - Spanish forces under the Duke of Alba capture Haarlem after a seven month siege.
- 1580 - Ostrog Bible, the first printed Bible in a Slavic language, is published.
- 1690 - Williamite war in Ireland: Battle of the Boyne (Gregorian calendar) - The army of William III of England defeats that of the deposed King James VII of Scotland and II of England.
- 1691 - Williamite war in Ireland: Battle of Aughrim (Julian calendar) - The decisive victory of William's forces in Ireland.
- 1759 - Seven Years' War - French and Indian War: British cannons start firing on French at Quebec City, from Lévis, Quebec.
- 1806 - Sixteen German imperial states leave the Holy Roman Empire and form the Confederation of the Rhine.
- 1812 - War of 1812: The United States invade Canada at Windsor, Ontario.
- 1862 - Medal of Honor authorized by the United States Congress.
- 1892 - A hidden lake bursts out of a glacier on the side of Mont Blanc, flooding the valley below and killing around 200 villagers and holidaymakers in [Saint Gervais].
- 1932 - Lambeth Bridge, London, opened by King George V of the United Kingdom.
- 1932 - Hedley Verity establishes a first-class record by taking all ten wickets for only ten runs against Nottinghamshire on a pitch affected by a storm.
- 1933 - Congress passes the first federal minimum wage law in the United States: 33 cents per hour.
- 1943 - World War II: Battle of Prokhorovka - German and Soviet forces engage in largest tank engagement of all time.
- 1950 - René Pleven becomes Prime Minister of France.
- 1960 - Orlyonok, the main Young Pioneer camp of the Russian SFSR, is founded.
- 1960 - Etch A Sketch, the drawing toy goes on sale.
- 1967 - Six days of race riots begin in Newark, New Jersey that will claim the lives of 27 people.
- 1973 - A fire destroys the entire 6th floor of the National Personnel Records Center of the United States.
- 1975 - São Tomé and Príncipe declare independence from Portugal.
- 1979 - Disco Demolition Night takes place in Chicago.
- 1979 - The island nation of Kiribati declares independence from Great Britain.
- 1993 - A magnitude 7.8 earthquake off the shore of Hokkaido, Japan launches a devastating tsunami, killing 202 on the small island of Okushiri.
- 2002 - Gay rights: The Superior Court of Ontario orders Ontario to recognize same-sex marriages.
- 2004 - Pedro Santana Lopes is officially appointed Prime Minister of Portugal.
- 2005 - Prince Albert II is enthroned as ruler of the Principality of Monaco.
- 2005 - Thunder Horse, the largest semi-submersible oil platform in the world, is found listing badly after Hurricane Dennis.
- 2006 - Hezbollah initiated their Operation True Promise.
Births
- 100 BC - Julius Caesar, Roman military and political leader (d. 44 BC)
- 1394 - Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shogun (d. 1441)
- 1468 - Juan del Encina, Spanish poet and composer
- 1596 - Tsar Michael I of Russia (d. 1645)
- 1674 - Abigail Williams, American accuser in the Salem witch trials (d. 1765)
- 1675 - Evaristo Abaco, Italian composer (d. 1742)
- 1730 - Josiah Wedgwood, English potter (d. 1795)
- 1803 - Peter Chanel, French priest and saint (d. 1841)
- 1807 - Thomas Hawksley, English civil engineer (d. 1893)
- 1817 - Henry David Thoreau, American writer and philosopher (d. 1862)
- 1819 - Charles Kingsley, English writer (d. 1875)
- 1824 - Eugène Boudin, French painter (d. 1898)
- 1828 - Nikolai Chernyshevsky, Russian philosopher (d. 1889)
- 1849 - Sir William Osler, Canadian physician and author (d. 1919)
- 1850 - Otto Schoetensack, German anthropologist (d. 1912)
- 1852 - Hipólito Yrigoyen, President of Argentina (d. 1933)
- 1854 - George Eastman, American inventor (d. 1932)
- 1861 - George Washington Carver, American botanist (d. 1943)
- 1863 - Paul Karl Ludwig Drude, German physicist (d. 1906)
- 1863 - Albert Calmette, French physician (d. 1933)
- 1868 - Stefan George, German poet (d. 1933)
- 1870 - Louis II of Monaco (d. 1949)
- 1876 - Max Jacob, French poet (d. 1944)
- 1880 - Tod Browning, American film director (d. 1962)
- 1884 - Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1920)
- 1886 - Jean Hersholt, Danish film director and actor (d. 1956)
- 1892 - Bruno Schulz, Polish writer and painter (d. 1942)
- 1895 - Kirstin Flagstad, Norwegian soprano (d. 1962)
- 1895 - Buckminster Fuller, American architect (d. 1983)
- 1895 - Oscar Hammerstein II, American lyricist (d. 1960)
- 1904 - Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
- 1908 - Milton Berle, American comedian (d. 2002)
- 1909 - Joe DeRita, American actor and comedian (d. 1993)
- 1913 - Willis Lamb, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1917 - Andrew Wyeth, American artist
- 1920 - Pierre Berton, Canadian journalist and writer (d. 2004)
- 1920 - Beah Richards, American actress (d. 2000)
- 1922 - Mark Hatfield, U.S. Senator from Oregon
- 1925 - Roger B. Smith, American automobile executive
- 1928 - Elias James Corey, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1930 - Gordon Pinsent, Canadian actor, director, and writer
- 1932 - Otis Davis, American runner
- 1933 - Donald E. Westlake, American author
- 1934 - Van Cliburn, American pianist
- 1937 - Bill Cosby, American comedian and actor
- 1937 - Lionel Jospin, former Prime Minister of France
- 1938 - Wieger Mensonides, Dutch swimmer
- 1942 - Billy Smith, Australian rugby player
- 1943 - Christine McVie, British singer, musician, and songwriter (Fleetwood Mac)
- 1943 - Walter Murch, American film editor
- 1947 - Gareth Edwards, Welsh rugby player
- 1948 - Walter Egan, American singer
- 1948 - Richard Simmons, American fitness trainer
- 1948 - Jay Thomas, American actor
- 1951 - Cheryl Ladd, American actress
- 1952 - Voja Antonić, Serbian inventor and writer
- 1956 - Sandi Patty, American singer
- 1962 - Dan Murphy, American guitarist (Soul Asylum)
- 1964 - Gaby Roslin, English television presenter
- 1965 - Robin Wilson, American singer
- 1967 - Richard Herring, English comedian
- 1967 - John Petrucci, American guitar player (Dream Theater)
- 1969 - Lisa Nicole Carson, American actress
- 1971 - Kristi Yamaguchi, American figure skater
- 1972 - Travis Best, American basketball player
- 1972 - Brett Reed, American muscian (Rancid)
- 1973 - Magoo, American rapper
- 1973 - Christian Vieri, Italian football player
- 1974 - Gregory Helms, American professional wrestler
- 1974 - Sharon den Adel, Dutch singer (Within Temptation)
- 1974 - Stelios Giannakopoulos, Greek footballer
- 1976 - Dan Boyle, Canadian Hockey Player, and Olympic Reserve
- 1976 - Anna Friel, British actress
- 1976 - Tracie Spencer, American singer
- 1977 - Brock Lesnar, American professional wrestler
- 1978 - Topher Grace, American actor
- 1978 - Michelle Rodriguez, American actress
- 1982 - Antonio Cassano, Italian footballer
- 1983 - Megumi Kawamura, Japanese Volleyballer
- 1984 - Gareth Gates, British singer
- 1984 - Michael McGovern, Northern Irish footballer
- 1985 - Luiz Ejlli, Albanian singer
- 1988 - Melissa O'Neil, Canadian singer
- 1991 - Erik Per Sullivan, American actor
- 1995 - Georgie Henley, English actress
Deaths
- 783 - Bertrada, wife of Pippin III (b. 720)
- 1441 - Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shogun (b. 1394)
- 1536 - Erasmus, Dutch writer and philosopher
- 1584 - Steven Borough, English explorer (b. 1525)
- 1664 - Stefano della Bella, Italian printmaker (b. 1610)
- 1682 - Jean Picard, French astronomer (b. 1620)
- 1693 - John Ashby, English admiral
- 1712 - Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (b. 1626)
- 1742 - Evaristo Abaco, Italian composer (b. 1675)
- 1749 - Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois, Governor of New France
- 1773 - Johann Joachim Quantz, German flutist and composer (b. 1697)
- 1845 - Henrik Wergeland, Norwegian author (b. 1808)
- 1910 - Charles Stewart Rolls, British engineer and aviator (b. 1887)
- 1918 - Dragutin Lerman, Croatian explorer (b. 1864)
- 1926 - Gertrude Bell, English archaeologist, writer, spy, and administrator (b. 1868)
- 1931 - Nathan Söderblom, Swedish archbishop, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1866)
- 1935 - Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer (b. 1859)
- 1944 - Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., American general, Received Medal of Honor, (b. 1887)
- 1945 - Wolfram von Richthofen, German field marshal (b. 1895)
- 1949 - Douglas Hyde, first President of Ireland (b. 1860)
- 1950 - Elsie De Wolfe, American socialite and interior decorator (b. 1865)
- 1962 - Roger Wolfe Kahn, American band leader (b. 1907)
- 1983 - Chris Wood, British musician, played with Traffic, (b. 1944)
- 1996 - John Chancellor, American television journalist (b. 1927)
- 1996 - Jonathan Melvoin, American musician and keyboardist (Smashing Pumpkins) (b. 1961)
- 1999 - Bill Owen, British actor (b. 1914)
- 2003 - Benny Carter, American musician (b. 1907)
- 2004 - Betty Oliphant, co-founder of National Ballet of Canada (b. 1918)
Holidays and observances
- Kiribati - Independence Day.
- Mongolia - Naadam Holiday (2nd day).
- Northern Ireland - Battle of the Boyne Day (also known as Orangemen's Day or the Twelfth, see Irish calendar).
- Newfoundland - Orangemen's Day.
- São Tomé and Príncipe - Independence Day.
- Sunset and sunrise occur along Manhattan's street grid centerline.
- The "center pivot irrigation day" of Colorado.
- RainMaker Day - Salem, OR.
- Sveti apostoli Petar i Pavle - Petrovdan(Sts. Peter and Paul, Foremost of Apostles).
External links
July 11 - July 13 - June 12 - August 12 -- listing of all days
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