July 13
Encyclopedia : J : JU : JUL : July 13
|
|
is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining.
Events
- 982 - Otto II is defeated in Calabria by the Saracens, Pandulf II of Salerno and Landulf IV of Benevento killed in battle.
- 1174 - William the Lion of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England.
- 1558 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines.
- 1573 - Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Haarlem ends after seven months.
- 1643 - English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down - In England, Lord Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, wins a crushing victory over the Parliamentarian Sir William Waller.
- 1772 - HMS Resolution, under the command of Captain James Cook, sets sail from Plymouth, England.
- 1787 - The Continental Congress enacts the Northwest Ordinance establishing governing rules for the Northwest Territory. It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states and limits the expansion of slavery.
- 1794 - Battle of the Vosges between French forces and those of Prussia and Austria
- 1822 - Greek War of Independence: Greeks defeat Ottoman forces at Thermopylae.
- 1832 - The source of the Mississippi River is discovered, by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft.
- 1837 - Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom moves into the first Buckingham Palace in London and is the first British monarch to live there.
- 1854 - In the battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General Jose Maria Yanez stops the French invasion led by Count Gaston de Raousset Boulbon.
- 1863 - New York Draft Riots: In New York City, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.
- 1878 - Treaty of Berlin: The European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania become completely independent of the Ottoman empire.
- 1900 - Boxer Rebellion: In China, Tientsin is retaken by European Allies from the rebelling Boxers.
- 1908 - Women compete in modern Olympics for the first time.
- 1909 - Gold discovered near Cochrane, Ontario.
- 1912 - Leader of the Indian freedom movement and scholar, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad brought out his noted Urdu news journal, al-Hilal.
- 1919 - The British airship R34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.
- 1923 - The Hollywood Sign is officially dedicated in the hills above Hollywood, Los Angeles. It originally reads "Hollywoodland " but the four last letters are dropped after renovation in 1949.
- 1936 - A heat wave strikes the Midwestern United States. The all-time highest temperatures for the states of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Indiana are all recorded on this date.
- 1941 - World War II: Montenegrins start popular uprising against the Axis Powers (Crnogorski ustanak).
- 1942 - World War II: German U-Boats sink three more merchant ships in Gulf of St. Lawrence.
- 1948 - The Coptic and Ethiopian Churches reach an agreement leading to the promotion of the Ethiopian church to the rank of an autocephalous Patriarchate. Five bishops are immediately consecrated by the Patriarch of Alexandria, who are empowered to elect a new Patriarch for their church, and the successor to Abuna Qerellos IV is granted the power to consecrate new bishops.
- 1973 - Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the Nixon tapes to the special Senate committee investigating the Watergate break in.
- 1977 - The New York City Blackout of 1977 lasts for 25 hours and results in looting and other disorder.
- 1978 - Ford Motor Company President Lee Iacocca is fired by chairman Henry Ford II, ending a long dispute between the men.
- 1983 - Around 3,000 Tamils were slaughtered by Sinhalese Buddhist majority in Sri Lanka and some 400,000 Tamils fled to neighboring Tamil Nadu, India and a lot found refuge in Europe and Canada. This incident, known as Black July led directly to beginning of civil war in Sri Lanka.
- 1985 - The Live Aid benefit concert takes place in London and Philadelphia, as well as other venues such as Sydney and Moscow.
- 2002 - A lightning strike sets off the Sour Biscuit Fire in Oregon and northern California, which had burned 499,570 acres (2,020 km2) when finally contained on September 5.
- 2005 - Three trains collide in the Ghotki rail crash in Ghotki, Pakistan, killing over 150 people.
- 2006 - 2006 Israel-Lebanon-Hezbollah conflict: The Israeli Air Force drops 3 missiles on Beirut International Airport, killing 50 people, after Hezbollah terrorists kidnap two Israeli soldiers.
Births
- 40 - Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman Governor of Britain (d. 93)
- 1527 - John Dee, English scientist (d. 1609)
- 1579 - Arthur Dee, English physician and alchemist (d. 1651)
- 1590 - Pope Clement X (d. 1676)
- 1607 - Václav Hollar, Czech-born artist (d. 1677)
- 1608 - Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1657)
- 1770 - Alexander Balashov, Russian general and statesman (d. 1837)
- 1808 - Patrice MacMahon, duc de Magenta, President of France (d. 1893)
- 1821 - Nathan Bedford Forrest, American Confederate general and founder of the Ku Klux Klan (d. 1877)
- 1841 - Otto Wagner, Austrian architect (d. 1918)
- 1858 - Stewart Culin, American ethnographer (d. 1929)
- 1859 - Sidney Webb - British socialist, economist and reformer
- 1864 - John Jacob Astor IV, American entrepreneur (d. 1912)
- 1882 - Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia (d. 1960)
- 1894 - Isaac Babel, Ukrainian writer (d. 1940)
- 1896 - Mordecai Ardon, one of Israel's greatest painters (d. 1992)
- 1900 - George Lewis, American musician (d. 1969)
- 1913 - Dave Garroway, American television host (d. 1982)
- 1918 - Alberto Ascari, Italian race car driver (d. 1955)
- 1920 - Bill Towers, English footballer (d. 2000)
- 1921 - Ernest Gold, Austrian composer (d. 1999)
- 1921 - Friedrich Peter, Austrian poltitician (d. 2005)
- 1924 - Carlo Bergonzi, Italian tenor
- 1927 - Simone Veil, French politician
- 1928 - Bob Crane, American actor (d. 1978)
- 1929 - Alan Civil, English French horn player (d. 1989)
- 1929 - Sofia Muratova, Soviet gymnast
- 1931 - Frank Ramsey, American basketball player
- 1934 - Wole Soyinka, Nigerian writer, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1934 - Aleksei Yeliseyev, cosmonaut
- 1935 - Jack Kemp, American football player and Vice Presidential candidate
- 1936 - Albert Ayler, American musician (d. 1970)
- 1940 - Patrick Stewart, English actor
- 1941 - Robert Forster, American actor
- 1942 - Harrison Ford, American actor
- 1942 - Roger McGuinn, American musician
- 1944 - Ernő Rubik, Hungarian inventor, sculptor, and architect
- 1946 - Cheech Marin, American actor and comedian
- 1950 - George "Pinky" Nelson, astronaut
- 1951 - Stellan Skarsgård, Swedish actor
- 1951 - Rob Bishop, American Congressman
- 1954 - Sezen Aksu, Turkish singer and songwriter
- 1956 - Claude Giroux, Canadian Professional Wrestler
- 1957 - Phil Margera, Father of Bam Margera
- 1957 - Cameron Crowe, American film director and writer
- 1959 - Richard Leman, British field hockey player
- 1961 - Tim Watson, Australian footballer and coach
- 1962 - Rhonda Vincent, American singer and musician
- 1962 - Tom Kenny, American voice actor
- 1963 - Neal Foulds, English snooker player
- 1966 - Gerald Levert, American singer
- 1967 - Benny Benassi, Italian disc jockey
- 1968 - Robert Gant, American actor
- 1970 - Calvin Phelps, American artist
- 1970 - Barry Pinches, English snooker player
- 1972 - Sean Waltman, American professional wrestler
- 1974 - Jarno Trulli, Italian race car driver
- 1978 - Sheldon Souray, Canadian NHL player.
- 1979 - Craig Bellamy, Welsh footballer
- 1982 - Joost van den Broek, Dutch keyboard player (After Forever)
- 1982 - Simon Clist, English footballer
- 1982 - Christopher Bauman, Professional wrestler better known as Chri$ Ca$h
- 1989 - Sayumi Michishige, Japanese singer
- 1992 - Dylan Patton, American child actor
Deaths
- 939 - Pope Leo VII
- 1189 - Matilda of England, daughter of Henry II of England (b. 1156)
- 1205 - Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury and Justicier of England
- 1357 - Bartolus de Saxoferrato Italian jurist (b. 1313)
- 1399 - Peter Parler, German architect (b. 1330)
- 1402 - Jianwen Emperor of China (b. 1377)
- 1551 - John Wallop, English soldier and diplomat
- 1621 - Archduke Albert of Austria, Governor of the Low Countries (b. 1559)
- 1626 - Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English statesman (b. 1563)
- 1628 - Robert Shirley, English adventurer
- 1629 - Caspar Bartholin the Elder, Swedish physician and theologian (b. 1585)
- 1645 - Tsar Michael I of Russia (b. 1596)
- 1683 - Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex, English statesman (b. 1631)
- 1705 - Titus Oates, English protestant conspirator (b. 1649)
- 1755 - Edward Braddock, British general
- 1761 - Tokugawa Ieshige, Japanese shogun (b. 1712)
- 1762 - James Bradley, English Astronomer Royal (b. 1693)
- 1789 - Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist (b. 1715)
- 1793 - Jean Paul Marat, French revolutionary (murdered) (b. 1743)
- 1807 - Henry Benedict Stuart, Jacobite claimant to the throne of England (b. 1725)
- 1889 - Robert Hamerling, Austrian poet (b. 1830)
- 1896 - Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz, German chemist (b. 1829)
- 1946 - Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer (b. 1864)
- 1951 - Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian composer (b. 1874)
- 1954 - Frida Kahlo, Mexican painter (b. 1907)
- 1967 - Tom Simpson, British cyclist (exhaustion) (b. 1937)
- 1974 - Patrick Blackett, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
- 1976 - Joachim Peiper, German military leader (b. 1915)
- 1980 - Seretse Khama, first President of Botswana (b. 1921)
- 1983 - Gabrielle Roy, Canadian author (b. 1909)
- 1993 - Davey Allison, American race car driver (b. 1961)
- 2002 - Yousuf Karsh, Turkish-born photographer (b. 1908)
- 2003 - Compay Segundo, Cuban musician (Buena Vista Social Club) (b. 1907)
- 2004 - Arthur Kane, American musician (New York Dolls) (b. 1951)
- 2004 - Carlos Kleiber, Austrian conductor (b. 1930)
- 2006 - Red Buttons, American comedian (b. 1919)
Holidays and observances
- Kiribati - Independence Day, 2nd day (not a holiday)
- Mongolia - Naadam Holiday, 3rd day
- Bahá'í Faith - Feast of Kálimát (Words) - First day of the seventh month of the Bahá'í Calendar
- Bon Festival - Buddhist festival to honor the dead (East Japan)
External links
July 12 - July 14 - June 13 - August 13 - more listing of all days
| January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December |
From Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Original article here. Support Wikipedia by contributing or donating.
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License See Wikipedia Copyrights for details.