Jyutping

Encyclopedia : J : JY : JYU : Jyutping

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Jyutping (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: }}}; Mandarin Chinese in Hanyu Pinyin: yuèpīn; Cantonese Chinese in Yale: yuhtpīng; Cantonese Chinese in Jyutping: jyut6ping3; sometimes spelled Jyutpin) is a romanization system for Standard Cantonese developed by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK) in 1993. Its formal name is The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanization Scheme. The LSHK promotes the use of this romanization system.

The name Jyutping is a shorthand consisting of the first characters of the terms yuèyǔ (粵語; Cantonese) and pīnyīn (拼音; romanization).

Initials

巴	怕	媽	花
打	他	那	啦
家	卡	牙	蝦
瓜	誇	蛙
渣	叉	沙	也

Finals

沙	徙	梢	三	山	坑	圾	剎	客
	西	收	心	新	笙	濕	失	塞
些	四	掉			鄭	喼		石
詩		消	閃	先	星	攝	洩	識
疏	開	蘇		看	桑		喝	索
夫	灰		um   噉	寬	鬆	up	闊	叔
鋸					商		oet   	削
		需		詢			摔
書				孫			雪
			唔		吳

• The finals m and ng can only be used as standalone nasal syllables.

Tones

There are nine tones in six distinct tone contours in Cantonese.

Tone name	Yīn Píng (陰平)	Yīn Shàng (陰上)	Yīn Qù (陰去)	Yáng Píng (陽平)	Yáng Shàng (陽上)	Yáng Qù (陽去)	Yīn Rù (陰入)	Zhōng Rù (中入)	Yáng Rù (陽入)
Tone name in English	high level or high falling	mid rising	mid level	low falling	low rising	low level	entering high level	entering mid level	entering low level
Contour	55 / 53	35	33	21 / 11	13	22	5	3	2
Number	1	2	3	4	5	6	1	3	6
Character Example	分	粉	訓	焚	奮	份	忽	發	佛
Example	fan1	fan2	fan3	fan4	fan5	fan6	fat1	faat3	fat6

Compare with Yale Romanization

Jyutping and the Yale romanization system represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:

• The initials: b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, ng, h, s, gw, kw, w.
• The vowel: aa (except when using alone), a, e, i, o, u,yu.
• The nasal consonant: m, ng.
• The coda: i, u, m, n, ng, p, t, k.

But they have difference with the following exceptions:

• The vowels eo and oe represent /ɵ/ and /œː/, respectively, in Jyutping while the eu represents both vowels in Yale.
• The initial j represents /j/ in Jyutping while y is used instead in Yale.
• The initial z represents /ts/ in Jyutping while j is used instead in Yale.
• The initial c represents /tsʰ/ in Jyutping while ch is used instead in Yale.
• In Jyutping, if no consonant precedes the vowel yu, then the initial j is appended before the vowel. In Yale, the corresponding initial y is never appended before yu under any circumstances.
• Jyutping defines three finals not in Yale: eu /ɛːu/, em /ɛːm/, and ep /ɛːp/. These three finals are used in colloquial Cantonese words, such as deu6 (掉), lem2 (舐), and gep6 (夾).
• To represent tones, only tone numbers are used in Jyutping while Yale originally uses tone marks together with the letter h (though tone numbers can be used in Yale as well).

Compare with Standard Cantonese Pinyin

Jyutping and the Standard Cantonese Pinyin represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:

• The initials: b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, ng, h, s, gw, kw, j, w.
• The vowel: aa, a, e, i, o, u.
• The nasal consonant: m, ng.
• The coda: i (except of being the coda /y/ in Jyutping), u, m, n, ng, p, t, k.

But they have difference with the following exceptions:

• The vowels oe represent /ɵ/ and /œː/ in Standard Cantonese Pinyin while the eo and oe represent /ɵ/ and /œː/ respectively in Jyutping.
• The vowel y represent /y/ in Standard Cantonese Pinyin while both yu (use in nucleus) and i (use in coda) is used in Jyutping.
• The initial dz represents /ts/ in Standard Cantonese Pinyin while z is used instead in Jyutping.
• The initial ts represents /tsʰ/ in Standard Cantonese Pinyin while c is used instead in Jyutping.
• To represent tones, number 1 to 9 are usually used in Standard Cantonese Pinyin, although use 1, 3, 6 to replace 7, 8, 9 is acceptable. However, only number 1 to 6 are used in Jyutping.

Examples

Traditional	Simplified	Romanization
廣州話	广州话	gwong2 zau1 waa2
粵語	粤语	jyut6 jyu5
你好	你好	nei5 hou2

Try to write an old Chinese poem:

春曉　　孟浩然	Ceon1 Hiu2　　Maang6 Hou6jin4
春眠不覺曉，	Ceon1 min4 bat1 gok3 hiu2,
處處聞啼鳥。	cyu3 cyu3 man4 tai4 niu5.
夜來風雨聲，	Je6 loi4 fung1 jyu5 sing1,
花落知多少？	faa1 lok6 zi1 do1 siu2?

External links

• [LSHK Cantonese Romanization Scheme]
• [Jyutping Pronunciation Guide]
• [粵語拼盤]: Learning the phonetic system of Cantonese
• [Chinese Character Database (Phonologically Disambiguated According to the Cantonese Dialect)]
• [MDBG free online Chinese-English dictionary (supports both Jyutping and Yale romanization)]

 

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