Kappa

For other uses, see Kappa (disambiguation)}}}.

Kappa (majuscule Κ, minuscule κ) is the 10th letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the voiceless velar stop, or "k", sound in Ancient and Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 20. It was derived from the Phoenician letter Kaph. Letters that arose from kappa include the Roman K and Cyrillic Ka.

Greek proper names and placenames containing kappa are often written in English with "c" due to contemporary rendering into the Latin alphabet by ancient Romans. However, modern transliteration of the Greek language invariably use the letter "k". Compare Κυνοσκεφαλαι, Cynoscephalae (ancient placename); κυνος κεφαλαι, kunos kephalai (phrase).

Greek word καί written with a handwritten variant of kappa, from the Byzantine period

In mathematics, the kappa curve is named after this letter; the tangents of this curve were first calculated by Barrow (17th Century).

Symbol

In graph theory, the connectivity of a graph is given by κ.

In differential geometry, the curvature of a curve is given by κ.

In physics, the torsional constant of an oscillator is given by κ.

In physics, the dielectric constant of a capacitor is also given by κ.

In psychology and psychiatry, kappa represents a measure of diagnostic reliability.

The upper-case letter Κ is used as a symbol for:

In textual criticism, the Byzantine text-type (from Κοινη, Koine, the common text).

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