Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic

Encyclopedia : K : KA : KAZ : Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic

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Қазақ Советтік
Социалистік Республикасы

(In Detail) (In Detail)
State motto: "Барлық елдердің пролетарлары, бірігіңдер!" ("Workers of the world, unite!")
Official language	None. De facto, Kazakh and Russian.
Capital	Almaty (Alma-Ata)
Chairman of the Supreme Council	Nursultan Nazarbayev (at independence)
Established In the USSR:  - Since  - Until	August 26 1920 December 30 1922 December 16 1991
Area  - Total  - % water	Ranked 2nd in former Soviet Union 2,717,300 km² --
Population  - Total (1989)  - Density	Ranked 4th in the former Soviet Union 16,711,900 6.1/km²
Currency	Ruble (Сом)
Time zone	UTC + 4 to +6
Anthem	Anthem of Kazakh SSR

The Kazakh SSR, or Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, today called Kazakhstan, was the second largest constituent republic of the Soviet Union, in Central Asia, which is now the independent state Kazakhstan. It was 2,717,300 square kilometres (1,063,200 square miles) in area and its capital was Alma-Ata.

The country is named after the Kazakh people, Turkic-speaking nomads who sustained a powerful khanate in the region before Russian and then Soviet domination. The Soviet Union's spaceport, now known as the Baikonur Cosmodrome was located in this republic at Tyuratam, with the secret town of Leninsk being constructed to accommodate the workers at the Cosmodrome.

Background

Established on August 26 1920, initially it was called Kirghiz ASSR ("A"-for Autonomous) and was a part of the Russian SFSR. On April 15-19, 1925 it was renamed into Kazak ASSR and on December 5 1936 it became a separate republic of the USSR, called Kazakh SSR . During the 1950s and 1960s Soviet citizens were urged to help settle the "Virgin Lands" of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. The influx of immigrants (mostly Russians, but including some deported minority nationalities) skewed the ethnic mixture and enabled non-Kazakhs to outnumber natives. The other nationalities included Ukrainians, Germans, Belarusians, Koreans, and others; the Germans at the time of independence formed about 8% of the population, the largest concentration of Germans in the entire Soviet Union. Independence has caused many of these newcomers to emigrate.

On December 10 1991 Kazakh SSR was renamed into Republic of Kazakhstan and six days later became independent.

Population

The native population consisted of Kazakhs (4,234,000 in 1970). In 1970, the republic had a sizable number of Russians (5,522,000) and Ukrainians (933,000). In the northern Kazakhstan wilderness, there were Tatars (288,000), Uzbeks (216,000), Belarusians (198,000), and Uyghurs (121,000).

See also

• History of Kazakhstan

 

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