Khurramites
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The Khurramites (Persian: Khurramiyyah or Khorrām-Dīnān, "followers of the right religion") were a religious and political movement which appeared in Āzarbāyjān and the rest of Iran in 814.
Origins And History
The sect was founded by the Persian cleric, Sunpadh and was a revitalization of an earlier sect that had mixed Shi'ism and Zoroastrianism; however, its true claim to fame was its adoption by Bābak as a basis for rebelling against the Abbasid Caliphate.The sect grew out of a response to the execution of Abu Muslim by the Abbasids, and denied that he had died, rather claiming that he would return as the messiah. This message was further confirmed by the appearance of a prophet named al-Muqanna who claimed that the spirit of God had existed in Muhammad, Ali and Abu Muslim.
Under the leadership of Bābak, the Khurammites proclaimed the breakup and redistribution of all the great estates and the abolition of Islam. In 816 they began making attacks on Muslim forces in Iran and Iraq. Al-Mamun sent four armies to deal with the problem, but they were defeated each time with Byzantine support. The sect would continue to attract followers until the sixteenth century when the Safavids took control of Iran.
Legacy
According to Turkish scholar Abdülbaki Göpenarli, the Kizilbash of the 16th century were "spiritual descendants of the Khurramites".See also
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