Léopold III of Belgium
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Leopold III was born in Brussels as Prince Leopold of Belgium, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony, and succeeded to the throne of Belgium on February 23, 1934 on the death of his father, King Albert I of Belgium.
Early life and family
Crown Prince Leopold, just a teenager, fought as a private during World War I with the 12th Belgian Regiment. At the end of the War, in 1919, the Crown Prince Leopold was enrolled at St. Anthony Seminary in Santa Barbara, California.In Stockholm, on November 4, 1926, he married Princess Astrid of Sweden who became Queen Astrid of the Belgians. She was born in Stockholm on November 17, 1905, the youngest daughter of Prince Charles of Sweden and Princess Ingeborg of Denmark.
Their children:
- Joséphine-Charlotte, Princess of Belgium, born at the Royal Palace of Brussels on October 11, 1927, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg. She was married on April 9, 1953 to Prince Jean, Grand-Duke of Luxembourg. She died at Fischbach Castle on January 10, 2005.
- Baudouin, Prince of Belgium, who became the fifth King of the Belgians as Baudouin I, born at Stuyvenberg outside of Brussels on September 7, 1930, and died at Motril, Spain on July 31, 1993.
- Albert, Prince of Liège, Prince of Belgium, born at Stuyvenberg in Brussels on June 6, 1934. He is the reigning king of the Belgians as Albert II.
On September 11, 1941, King Leopold III married a second time, morganatically, to Lilian Baels, who was born in Highbury, London on November 28, 1916. Known as Princess de Rethy, she died on June 7, 2002.
They had three children, who don't have the right of succession:
- Alexander, Prince of Belgium, born in Brussels on July 18, 1942. In 1991 he married Lea Inga Dora Wohlman, a marriage revealed only seven years later. She was created a Princess of Belgium in her own right.
- Marie-Christine, Princess of Belgium, born in Brussels on February 6, 1951. Her first marriage, to Paul Drucker in 1981, lasted 40 days (though they weren't formally divorced till 1985); she subsequently married Jean-Paul Gourges in 1989.
- Maria-Esmeralda, Princess of Belgium, born in Brussels on September 30, 1956, a journalist, her professional name is Esmeralda de Réthy. She married Salvador Moncada, a noted pharmacologist, in 1998. They have a son and a daughter.
WWII and controversy
During World War II, the German army invaded Belgium and King Leopold, along with the majority of the Belgian army, was attacked by the Germans and quickly surrendered. His action brought accusations of treason by Paul Reynaud, President du Conseil of France. King Leopold rejected cooperation with the Nazis and refused to administer Belgium in accordance with their dictates. Despite his defiance of the Germans, the Belgian government-in-exile in London refused to recognize his right to rule. The Germans held him under house arrest at the royal castle in Brussels.Heinrich Himmler ordered King Leopold deported to Germany. Princess Liliane followed with the family in another car the following day under an SS armed guard. The Nazis held the family in a fort at Hirschstein an der Elbe in Saxony during the winter of 1944-45, and then at Strobl, near Salzburg, Austria. They were freed by the U.S. Army in May of 1945. Due to controversy about his conduct during the war, Léopold III and his wife and children were unable to return to Belgium and spent the next six years in exile in Switzerland, a regency under his brother Prince Charles having been established by the Legislature in 1944.
In 1946, a commission of inquiry exonerated him of treason. Nonetheless, controversy concerning his loyalty continued, and in 1950, a referendum was held about his future. A small majority voted in favour of his return. The divide between Leopoldists and anti-Leopoldists ran along the lines of socialists and Walloons who were mostly contra and christian-democrats and Flemings who were more in favour of the King. On his return to Belgium in 1950, he was met with strikes and other protests. The strikes turned violent and in clashes with the gendarmerie, several protestors were killed. With the country on the brink of civil war, King Léopold decided in order to avoid tearing his country apart, and to preserve the monarchy, to abdicate on July 16, 1951 in favour of his 20-year-old son Baudouin. After his abdication, he retained the personal title and style of H.M. King Leopold III.
Post abdication life
In retirement, he followed his passion as an amateur social anthropologist and travelled the world. He went for instance in Senegal and strongly criticized the Belgian decolonization process.|
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