LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0

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The London Midland and Scottish Railway's Stanier class 5 4-6-0, almost universally known as a black five is a class of steam locomotive. They were introduced by William Stanier in 1934, 842 being built between then and 1951. They survived to the last day of steam on British Railways in 1968 and eighteen are preserved.

Origins

The black fives were a mixed traffic locomotive, a do-anything go-anywhere type. Designed by William Stanier, who had previously been with the Great Western Railway. Stanier had initially built several of his LMS Stanier 2-6-0 class, but the black fives were bigger engines. They were the LMS' equivalent to the GWR Hall Class. They shared cylinder arrangement (two outside) and 6' driving wheels with the Hall Class.

They shared a boiler with the LMS 8F 2-8-0 heavy freight locomotive.

Construction

There were a number of detail variations during the 17 years in which the black fives were built (1934-1951) and they did not stay in the same condition as built. Locomotives built under British Railways administration were used as test beds for various design modifications with a view to incorporating the successful modifications in the Standard Classes of locomotives built from 1951 onwards. These modifications included outside Caprotti valve gear, roller bearings (both Timken and Skefco types) on the driving coupled axles and an experimental steel firebox with a rocking firegrate (for ease of cleaning. Other locomotives had modified draughting to "self clean" the smokebox.

The domeless engines

Numbering initially started with 5000, with the twenty being ordered from Crewe Works and eighty from the Vulcan Foundry. The first to emerge was the first Vulcan Foundry engine, 5020 in 1934, the first built Crewe engine no 5000 not completed until 1935. The originals were built with domeless boilers with low degree superheat. However, many received later type boilers later in their lives.

The prewar domed engines

A further 227 were ordered from Armstrong-Whitworth in 1936, the largest single locomotive order ever given by a British railway to an outside contractor. Crewe built a further 142. These had domed high degree superheat boilers.

5471, built at Crewe in 1938 would be the last built for five years. During the early stages of the Second World War the priority was for heavy freight engines and the closely-related 8Fs were produced in vast numbers.

Wartime and postwar domed engines

In 1943 construction was restarted with Derby building its first. However, after number 5499 was built, the numbering block hit that of the Patriot Class, and so new engines were numbered from 4800 onwards. However, after another 200 were built they again ran out of numbers, so they started numbering below 4800. By this time, the LMS had been nationalisated into British Railways and BR added 40000 to all their numbers. Eventually the 842 examples would number 44658-45499.

Ivatt engines and experimental modifications

Post-war examples were built with forward topfeeds. In 1948 George Ivatt introduced more modifications to bearings and valve gear. 4767 was built with Stephenson link motion in 1947. 44738-57 were built with Caprotti valve gear. The last two, 44686 and 44687 built at Horwich in 1951, had even more modifications.

Number		Lot No.	Date	Built at	Boiler type	Valve gear (Walschaerts unless stated)	Bearings (plain unless stated)	Additional notes
LMS	BR
-	44658-67	199	1949	Crewe	Forward topfeed
-	44668/9	199	1949	Horwich	Forward topfeed		Sefko roller bearings on driving axles
-	44670-7	199	1950	Horwich	Forward topfeed		Sefko roller bearings on driving axles
-	44678-85	199	1950	Horwich	Forward topfeed		Sefko roller bearings throughout
-	44686/7	199	1951	Horwich	Forward topfeed	British Caprotti	Sefko roller bearings throughout
-	44688-97	199	1950	Horwich	Forward topfeed		Timken roller bearings on driving axles
-	44698-717	192	1948	Horwich	Forward topfeed
-	44718-27	192	1948	Crewe	Forward topfeed			Steel firebox
-	44728-37	192	1948	Crewe	Forward topfeed
-	44738-47	187	1948	Crewe	Forward topfeed	Caprotti	Timken roller bearings throughout
4748-53	44748-53	187	1948	Crewe	Forward topfeed	Caprotti	Timken roller bearings throughout
-	44754-5	187	1948	Crewe	Forward topfeed	Caprotti
-	44756-7	187	1948	Crewe	Forward topfeed	Caprotti		double chimney
4758-66	44758-66	187	1947	Crewe	Forward topfeed		Timken roller bearings throughout
4767	44767	187	1948	Crewe	Forward topfeed	Stephenson link motion	Timken roller bearings throughout	double chimney, preserved
4768-82	44768-82	187	1947	Crewe	Forward topfeed
4783-99	44783-99	187	1947	Horwich	Forward topfeed
4800-6	44800-6	153	1944	Derby	Domed
4807-25	44807-25	170	1944	Derby	Domed
4826-60	44826-60	170	1945	Derby	Domed
4861-71	44861-71	170	1945	Crewe	Domed
4872-920	44872-920	174	1945	Crewe	Domed
4921-31	44921-31	174	1945	Crewe	Domed
4932-43	44932-43	174	1945	Horwich	Domed
4944-66	44944-66	174	1946	Horwich	Domed
4967-81	44967-81	174	1946	Crewe	Domed
4982-90	44982-90	183	1946	Horwich	Domed
4991-6	44991-6	183	1947	Horwich	Domed
4997-9	44997-9	187	1947	Horwich	Forward topfeed
5000-19	45000-19	114	1935	Crewe	Domeless
5020-65	45020-65	119	1934	Vulcan Foundry	Domeless
5066-9	45066-9	119	1935	Vulcan Foundry	Domeless
5070-4	45070-4	122	1935	Crewe	Domeless
5075-5124	45075-5124	123	1935	Vulcan Foundry	Domeless
5125-5224	45125-5224	124	1935	Armstrong Whitworth	Domeless
5225-98	45225-98	131	1936	Armstrong Whitworth	Domed
5299-5451	45299-5451	131	1937	Armstrong Whitworth	Domed
5452-71	45452-71	142	1938	Crewe	Domed
5472-81	45472-81	151	1943	Derby	Domed
5482-91	45482-91	152	1944	Derby	Domed
5492-9	45492-9	153	1944	Derby	Domed

Names

Only four black fives received names, though several have been named in preservation (see below). All of them were named after Scottish regiments. In addition there is some evidence to suggest that 5155 carried the name Queen's Edinburgh during the Second World War, though no-one has managed to confirm this.

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Number		Name
LMS	BR
5154	45154	Lanarkshire Yeomanry
5156	45156	Ayrshire Yeomanry
5157	45157	The Glasgow Highlander
5158	45158	Glasgow Yeomanry

Service

For some reason that appears to have been lost they were almost invariably known as 'Hikers' in Scotland.

In the Railway Series by W.V. Awdry, Henry the Green Engine is a black five.

Preservation

18 have been preserved, these being:

Number		Location
LMS	BR
4767	44767	North Yorkshire Moors Railway
4806	44806	Llangollen Railway
4871	44871	East Lancashire Railway
4901	44901	Vale of Glamorgan Railway
4932	44932	Midland Railway Centre
5000	45000	National Railway Museum
5025	45025	Strathspey Railway
5110	45110	Severn Valley Railway
5163	45163	Colne Valley Railway
5212	45212	North Yorkshire Moors Railway
5231	45231	Mid Hants Railway
5293	45293	Colne Valley Railway
5305	45305	Great Central Railway
5337	45337	East Lancashire Railway
5379	45379	Mid-Hants Railway
5407	45407	East Lancashire Railway
5428	45428	North Yorkshire Moors Railway
5491	45491	Midland Railway Centre

Sound

• [45212 passing Green End]

External links

• http://www.semg.org.uk/visitor/visitor_6.html#45349

Locomotives of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway
Hughes:	5MT Crab
Fowler:	2P 4-4-0 - 2F Dock Tank - 3MT 2-6-2T - 3F Jinty - 4P Compound - 4MT 2-6-4T - 4F 0-6-0 - 6P Patriot - 7P Royal Scot - 7F 0-8-0 - Garratt - 6399 Fury
Stanier:	2P 0-4-4T - 3MT 2-6-2T - 4MT 2-6-4T (2 cylinders) - 4MT 2-6-4T (3 cylinders) - 5MT 2-6-0 - 5MT Black Five - 6P Jubilee - 8P Princess Royal - 8P Coronation - 8F 2-8-0 - Turbomotive
Kitson:	0F 0-4-0ST
Fairburn:	4MT 2-6-4T
Ivatt:	2MT 2-6-0 - 2MT 2-6-2T - 4MT 2-6-0

 

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