Len Lye

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Len Lye, born Leonard Charles Huia Lye (July 5, 1901 - May 15, 1980), was a New Zealand sculptor, artist, writer and film-maker. As a young man he spent time in Australia before moving to Samoa before being deported for 'living with' the natives; in 1926 he moved to London, where he joined the Seven and Five Society, which grouped some of the leading abstract artists. He was in London until 1944 when he moved to New York.

He was an early pioneer in the production of many colour films during the 1930s. He used the Gasparcolor technique invented by Dr Bela Gaspar. Central to the process was a Beam splitter camera that divided the spectrum into separate components. Each component existed as a monochrome image. The three monochrome images were then re-combined to form a colour print. Lye utilised the process to combine existing black and white film footage and photostencils into brilliant colour imagery.

As a film maker Len Lye created Direct Films, films created without a camera. He used an array of techniques to do this. In Free Radicals he used black film stock and scratched designs into the emulsion. The result was a dancing pattern of flashing lines and marks, as dramatic as lightning in the night sky.

Lye continued to experiment with the possibilities of direct film-making to the end of his life. In various films he used a range of dyes, stencils, air-brushes, felt tip pens, stamps, combs and surgical instruments, to create images and textures on celluloid. In Colour Cry he employed the "photogram" method combined with various stencils and fabrics to create abstract patterns.

As a writer Len Lye produced a body of work exploring his theory of IHN (Individual Happyness Now). He also wrote a large number of letters and poems. He was a friend of Dylan Thomas, and of Laura Riding and Robert Graves (their Seizin Press published No Trouble, a book drawn from Lye's letters to them, his mother, and others, in 1930). The NZEPC (New Zealand Electronic Poetry Centre) website contains a selection of Lye's writings, which are just as surprising and experimental as his work in other media.

Lye was also an important kinetic sculptor. He saw film and kinetic sculpture as aspects of the same "art of motion", which he theorised in a highly original way in his essays (collected in the book "Figures of Motion"). Many of Lye's kinetic works can be found at the Govett-Brewster Gallery in New Plymouth, Taranaki including a 45-metre high Wind Wand near the sea.

Lye was a maverick, never fitting any of the usual art historical labels. Although he did not became famous in orthodox terms, his work was familiar to many film-makers and kinetic sculptors - he was something of an "artist's artist", and his innovations have had an international influence. He is also remembered for his colourful personality, amazing clothes, and highly unorthodox lecturing style (he taught at New York University for three years).

Art historian and friend of Lye, Roger Horrocks wrote an excellent biography titled Len Lye in 2001. There are also two very interesting documentaries about Lye - Flip and Two Twisters and Doodlin' . And the Centre Pompidou published Len Lye, a book of essays by an international range of art critics (edited by Jean-Michel Bouhours and Roger Horrocks) in 2000.

Filmography

Particles in Space (1979)
Free Radicals (1958, revised 1979)
Tal Farlow (completed posthumously, 1980)
Rhythm (1957)
Colour Cry (1952)
Kill or Be Killed (1942)
When the Pie Was Opened (1941)
Musical Poster Number One (1940)
Swinging the Lambeth Walk (1940)
North or Northwest (1938)
Colour Flight (1937)
Full Fathom Five (1937)
Trade Tattoo (1937)
Birth of a Robot (1936)
Rainbow Dance (1936)
A Colour Box (1935)
Kaleidoscope (1935)
Tusalava (1929)

Books

Len Lye: Figures of Motion. Selected Writings, edited by Wystan Curnow and Roger Horrocks, Oxford University Press/Auckland University Press, 1984. ISBN 0196479967
Len Lye, edited by Jean Michel Bouhours, Edition Centre Pompidou: Paris, 2000. ISBN 2844260349
Roger Horrocks: Len Lye: A Biography, Auckland Univ Press: Auckland, 2002. ISBN 1869402472
Len Lye: Happy Moments Text and Images By Len Lye, edited by Roger Horrocks, The Holloway Press: Auckland, 2002. ISBN 0958231338

External links

http://www.govettbrewster.com/lenlye/default.htm
http://www.mocataipei.org/technozone/en-artist6.htm
http://www.nzepc.auckland.ac.nz/authors/lye/
http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=len+lye
[Videos of The Len Lye Foundation Water Whirler 2006]
[Listen to two Len Lye MP3s on thewire.co.uk]

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