Limited-access road

Encyclopedia : L : LI : LIM : Limited-access road

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A limited-access road or controlled-access road is a road to which access from adjacent properties is limited in some way. It can mean anything from a city street to which the maintaining authority limits driveway access[Environment Waikato Regional Council, Definition of Terms]: "Limited access road for the purposes of this Strategy (section 5.6.3) is a local road occupied by a district/city council, where the number of accesses onto that road from properties is limited, due to road safety and visibility reasons."[Elko Traffic Code]: "'Controlled access highway' means every highway, street or roadway in respect to which owners or occupants of abutting lands and other persons have no legal right of access except at such points only and in such manner as may be determined by the public authority having jurisdiction over such highway, street or roadway." to a freeway.[Jacksonville Transportation Authority - Rapid Transit Studies - Glossary]: "Limited Access - Roadways with access limited to specific points (interchanges) with arterial or other limited access roadways."Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, [Section 1A.13 Definitions of Words and Phrases in This Manual]: "Expressway—a divided highway with partial control of access." and "Freeway—a divided highway with full control of access." The precise definition of these terms varies by jurisdiction.

History

The concept of limited-access roadways started with the parkway system in the state of New York, circa 1910.^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]} The New York State Parkway System was a series of high speed (30 MPH) 4 lane roads that were created to provide a scenic way out of and around New York City. These highways allowed no driveway cuts but did have intersections for most of the streets they crossed. They also provided rest areas along the way that offered fuel and restrooms. The road ways were typically divided by a wide landscaped median.

The concept evolved into what today is commonly called in the United States a freeway, but can be called expressways, parkways, turnpikes, toll road, among other names both in the US and other countries.^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}

Variants

A controlled-access highway is usually^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]} a step up from a limited-access highway.^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]} These usually feature grade-separated crossings and ramp access.^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}

When toll booths are placed along the road, they are called toll roads, tollways, or turnpikes, among other names both in the US and other countries.

Dual carriageways (or divided highways) with long intervals between at-grade intersections and no private access may also meet the criteria of being "controlled-access".^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]} Such roads may also be called expressways.

One such example is the "Marquette Bypass" on U.S. Route 41 in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]} The bypass is a freeway in terms of signage although it has traffic lights at the junctions.^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}

References

 

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