List of First Nations peoples
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The following is a list of First Nations peoples organized by Indigenous geographic area. This list does not include Metis or Canadian Inuit groups.
Contents
Geographic distribution in Canada
Pacific coast and mountains
These people traditionally ate fish, primarily salmon and silvery eulachon from the ocean, as well as fish from lakes and rivers, and roots and berries. Recently discovered clam gardens suggest that they were not limited only to hunting and gathering.'They made use of the forests of the Pacific to build dug-out canoes, and houses made of evenly-split planks of wood. They used tools made of stone and wood. The native peoples of the Pacific coast also made totem poles, a trait attributed to other tribes as well. In 2000 a land claim was settled between the Nisga'a people of British Columbia and the provincial government, resulting in the transfer of over 2,000 square kilometres of land to the Nisga'a. Major ethnicities include the:- Coast Salish
- *Cowichan
- **Somena
- *Musqueam
- *Nanaimo
- *Nuxálk (Bella Coola)
- *Shishalh (Sechelt)
- *Sliammon (Mainland Comox)
- *Snuneymuxw (Nanaimo)
- *Songhees (Songish)
- *Squamish
- *
- **Katzie
- **Kwantlen
- *Tsawwassen
- *T'Souke (Sooke)
- Interior Salish
- *Nlaka'pamux First Nation (Thompson Nation)
- *Okanagan
- *Secwepemc (Shuswap)
- *St'at'imc people (Lillooet) people
- Tsimshian
- *Gitksan
- *Nisga'a
- Athapaskan
- *Dakelh (Carrier)
- *Dene-thah (Slavey)
- *Tsilhoqot'in (Chilcotin)
- *Wet'suwet'en
- Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)
- *Tla-o-qui-aht (Clayoquot)
- *Hesquiat
- *Mowachaht-Muchalaht
- Ktunaxa (Kootenay)
- Haida
- Kwakwala (Kwakiutl) - Oweekyala speaking groups
- *(Koskimo
- **Kwakwaka'wakw
- **Haisla
- **Heiltsuk
- **Laich-kwil-taich (Euclataws/Yuculta aka Southern Kwakiutl)
- ***Weewaikai (Cape Mudge)
- ***Wewaykum (Campbell River)
- Tlingit
Plains
These people traditionally used tipis covered with skins as their homes. Their main sustenance was the bison, which they used as food, as well as for all their garments. The leaders of some Plains tribes wore large headdresses made of feathers, something which is wrongfully attributed by some to all First Nations peoples. The Tsuu T'ina Nation are a notable First Nation in Alberta as their territory now borders the city of Calgary. Major ethnicies include the:- Anishinaabe
- *Plains-Ojibwa
- Blackfoot
- *Kainai (Blood)
- *North Peigan
- *Siksika
- Dene
- *Chipewyan
- Nakoda
- *Assiniboine
- *Stoney
- Okanagan
- Plains-Cree
- Tasttine (Beaver)
- Tsuu T'ina (Sarcee)
Northeast woodlands
Major ethnicies include the:- Anishinaabe
- *Ojibwa
- **Mississaugas
- **Ottawa (Odawa)
- **Saulteaux
- Cree
- Innu (Montagnais and Naskapi)
Atlantic coastal region
- Beothuk (extinct)
- Innu (Labrador)
- Maliseet
- Mi'kmaq (Micmac)
- Passamaquoddy
St. Lawrence River Valley
The largest First Nations group near the St. Lawrence waterway are the Iroquois. This area also includes the Wyandot (formerly referred to as the Huron) peoples of central Ontario, and the League of Five Nations who had lived in the United States, south of Lake Ontario. Major ethnicities include the:- Anishinaabe
- *Algonquin
- Haudenosaunee (Iroquois)
- *Cayuga (Guyohkohnyo)
- *Mohawk {Kanien'kéhaka)
- *Oneida (Onayotekaono)
- *Onondaga (Onundagaono)
- *Seneca (Onondowahgah)
- *Tuscarora (Ska-Ruh-Reh)
- Munsee branch of the Lenape (Delawares)
- Neutral
- Tobacco
- Wyandot (Huron)
Canadian Arctic
Major ethnicities include the:See also
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