List of High Priests of Israel

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This page gives one list (partly traditional) of the High Priests of Israel up to the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD. Because of gaps in the historical record, this list is naturally incomplete and there may be gaps.

Contents

1 High Priests of Israel

1.1 From the Exodus to the Babylonian Exile
1.2 During the
1.3 After the Babylonian Exile
1.4
1.5 High Priest under Herodians and Romans
1.6 During the

2 References

High Priests of Israel

From the Exodus to the Babylonian Exile

Aaron, during the Exodus from Egypt
Eleazar, son of Aaron
Phinehas, son of Eleazar
Abishua, son of Phineas
Bukki, son of Abishua
Uzzi, son of Bukki
Eli, descendant of Itamar, son of Aaron
Ahitub, son of Phinehas, grandson of Eli
Ahijah, son of Ahitub
Ahimelech, son of Ahijah, High Priest during the reign of King Saul
Abiathar, son of Ahimelech, High Priest during the reign of King David
Zadok, son of Ahitub of the line of Eleazar, High Priest at the construction of the First Temple
Ahimaaz, son of Zadok, High Priest during the reign of King Solomon
Azariah, son of Ahimaaz
Joash, son of Azariah
Jehoiarib, son of Joash
Jehosaphat, son of Jehoiarib
Jehoiada, son of Jehosaphat
Pediah, son of Jehoiada
Zedekiah, son of Pediah
Azariah II, son of Zedekiah
Jotham, son of Azariah
Uriah, son of Jotham
Azariah III, son of Uriah
Hoshaiah, son of Azariah
Shallum, son of Hoshaiah
Hilkiah, son of Shallum
Seriah, son of Hilkiah, the last High Priest before the destruction of the Temple in 586 AD

During the

Jehozadek, son of Seriah

After the Babylonian Exile

Joshua, son of Jehozadek, ca. 515-490 BC, after the restoration of the Temple
Joiakim, son of Joshua, ca. 490-470 BC
Eliashib, son of Joiakim, ca. 470-433 BC
Jaddua, son of Eliashib, ca. 433-410 BC
Johanan, son of Joiada, ca. 410-371 BC
Jaddua, son of Johanan, ca. 371-320 BC, during the reign of Alexander the Great
Onias I, son of Jaddua, ca. 320-280 BC
Simon I, son of Onias, ca. 280-260 BC
Eleazar, son of Onias, ca. 260-245 BC
Manasseh, son of Jaddua, ca. 245-240 BC
Onias II, son of Simon, ca. 240-218 BC
Simon II, son of Onias, 218-185 BC
Onias III, son of Simon, 185-175 BC, murdered 170 BC
Jason, son of Simon 175-172 BC
Menelaus 172-162 BC
*Onias IV, son of Onias III, fled to Egypt and built a Jewish Temple at Leontopolis (closed in 66 AD)
Alcimus 162-159 BC

Inter-Sacerdotium: It is unknown who held the position of High Priest of Jeruslam between Alcimus' death and the accession of Jonathan. Josephus, in Jewish Antiquities, once suggests that Judas Maccabee, the brother of Jonathan, held the office during this period; Judas had in fact already diead. It has been argued that the founder of the Qumran community, the Teacher of Righteousness (Moreh Zedek), was the outcast High Priest of the inter-sacerdotium. In this view, his name was wiped out by his Maccabean successor, supported by both the extant records: the Books of Maccabees and Josephus (who claimed kinship with the Maccabees). There are indeed persuasive arguments for the existence of a High Priest through these six years. In religious terms, it seems unlikely that the Day of Atonement would have been allowed to pass uncelebrated for so long so soon after the restoration of the Temple service. Politically, Israel's overlords probably would not have allowed a power vacuum to last that length of time. However, the evidence for this High Priest's identity with the Teacher of Righteousness is slim.

Jonathan Apphus 153-143 BC
Simeon Tassi 142-134 BC
John Hyrcanus I 134-104 BC
Aristobulus I 104-103 BC
Alexander Jannaeus 103-76 BC
John Hyrcanus II 76-66 BC
Aristobulus II 66-63 BC
John Hyrcanus II (restored) 63-40 BC
Antigonus 40-37 BC

High Priest under Herodians and Romans

Ananelus 37-36 BC
Aristobulus III 36 BC
Ananelus (restored) 36-30 BC
Joshua ben Fabus 30-23 BC
Simon ben Boethus
Mattathias ben Theophilus
Joazar ben Boethus 4 BC
Eleazar ben Boethus 4-3 BC
Joshua ben Sie 3 BC-6 AD
Ananus ben Seth 6-15
Ishmael ben Fabus 15-16
Eleazar ben Ananus 16-17
Simon ben Camithus 17-18
Joseph Caiaphas 18-36
Jonathan ben Ananus 36-37
Theophilus ben Ananus 37-41
Simon Cantatheras ben Boethus 41-43
Matthias ben Ananus 43
Aljoneus 43-44
Jonathan ben Ananus 44 (restored)
Josephus ben Camydus 44-46
Ananias ben Nebedeus 46-52
Jonathan 52-56
Ishmael ben Fabus 56-62 (restored?)
Joseph Cabi ben Simon 62-63
Ananus ben Ananus 63
Joshua ben Damneus 63
Joshua ben Gamaliel 63-64
Mattathias ben Theophilus 65-66

During the

Phannias ben Samuel 67-70

References

Bruce R. Gordon (2005). [Regnal Chronologies]. Retrieved November 29, 2005.

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