List of Indian monarchs

Encyclopedia : L : LI : LIS : List of Indian monarchs

The following list of Indian monarchs is one of several lists of incumbents.

Rulers and dynasties who ruled a portion of the Indian subcontinent and were based in South Asia will be included in this list.

For more information, see History of South Asia.

Puru-Bharata Dynasty (c. 1600 BC - 1026 CE)

Bharata Dynasty (c. 1600-1400 BC)

• Manu Vaivasvata (from c. 1600 BC)
• Sudyumna
• Yayati, great-grandson of Sudyumna
• Dushyanta, father of Bharata
• Bharata, son of Dushyanta, India's native name Bharatavarsha (Bharat) is named after him
• Bhimanyu, son of Bharata
• Sudas
• Rsabha
• Srestha
• Vidura
• Bharata Muni
• Artha-Vinirnayah (until c. 1400 BC)

Puru Dynasty (c. 1400-1200 BC)

• Puru-rava Aila (from c. 1400 BC), descendant of the Bharata dynasty
• Ayu
• Yayati Nahushya
• Dauhshanti Saudyumni
• Ajamidha
• Riksha
• Trasadasyu
• Samavarana (until c. 1200 BC)

• Kuru-Sravana (from c. 1200 BC), son of Puru king Samavarana, featured in the ancient epic Mahabharata (see Kuru (Hindu mythology))
• Uchchaihsravas Kaupayeya
• Prati sutvana
• Bahlika Pratipeya
• Santnu
• Dhritarashtra, featured in the Mahabharata
• Parikshita, featured in the Mahabharata as the grandson of Arjuna Pandava (a central character)
• Janamejaya (until c. 1000 BC), son of Parikshita
• Korayvya (c. 600-550 BC)
• Dhananjaya (c. 550-500 BC), said to be a descendant of Yudhishtra Pandava (a central character in the Mahabharata)
• Ratthapala (c. 500-450 BC), embraced Buddhism, the Kuru kingdom soon became a republic

• Ambhi (Omphis/Taxiles in Greek) (until c. 320 BC), descendant of the Kuru dynasty, ruled Taxila (Takshashila) in Pakistan, surrendered Taxila to Alexander
• Purushottama (Porus in Greek) (until c. 320 BC), descendant of the Kuru dynasty, ruled Jhelum (Hydaspes) and Chenab in Pakistan, fought Alexander in the Battle of the Hydaspes River
• Malayketu (c. 320-316 BC), son of Purushottama (Porus), killed in the Battle of Gabiene

• Jayapala (964-1001), son of Asatapala, descendant of the Kuru dynasty and Shahi dynasty, descendant of Janamejaya
• Anandapala (c. 1001-1011), son of Jayapala
• Trilochanpala (c. 1011-1022), son of Anandapala, assassinated in 1021-1022
• Bhímapála (c. 1022-1026), son of Tirlochanpala.

• Shishunaga (684-644 BC), established the kingdom of Magadha
• Kakavarna (644-618 BC)
• Kshemadharman (618-582 BC)
• Kshatraujas (582-558 BC)
• Bimbisara (544-491 BC), founder of the first Magadhan empire
• Ajatashatru (491-461 BC)
• Darshaka (from 461 BC)
• Udayin
• Nandivardhana
• Mahanandin (until 424 BC), his empire is inherited by his illegitimate son Mahapadma Nanda

• Suddhodana Gautama (c. 600-500 BC), king of the Shakyas, father of Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
• Maya (c. 600-500 BC), queen of the Shakyas, wife and cousin of Suddhodana, mother of Siddhartha
• Suprahuddha (c. 600-500 BC), lord of Devadaha Castle, brother of Maya, father of princess Yashodhara (wife of Buddha)

• Mahapadma Nanda (from 424 BC), illegitimate son of Mahanandin, founded the Nanda Empire after inheriting Mahanandin's empire
• Pandhuka
• Panghupati
• Bhutapala
• Rashtrapala
• Govishanaka
• Dashasidkhaka
• Kaivarta
• Dhana (Agrammes, Xandrammes) (until 321 BC), lost his empire to Chandragupta Maurya after being defeated by him

• Chandragupta Maurya (Sandrakottos) (324-301 BC), founded the Mauryan Empire after defeating both the Nanda Empire and the Macedonian Seleucid Empire, claimed descent from Shakya dynasty
• Bindusara Amitraghata (301-273 BC)
• Ashoka Vardhana (Ashoka the Great) (273-232 BC), considered the greatest ancient Indian emperor, first emperor to unify India (after conquering most of South Asia and Afghanistan), adopt Buddhism, grant animal rights and promote non-violence
• Dasaratha (232-224 BC)
• Samprati (224-215 BC)
• Salisuka (215-202 BC)
• Devavarman (202-195 BC)
• Satadhanvan (195-187 BC), the Mauryan Empire had shrunk by the time of his reign
• Brhadrata (187-184 BC), assassinated by Pusyamitra Shunga

• Pusyamitra Shunga (185-151 BC), founded the dynasty after assasinating Brhadrata
• Agnimitra (from 151 BC), son and successor of Pusyamitra
• Bhagabhadra, mentioned by the Puranas
• Devabhuti (until 73 BC), last Sunga king

• Sri-Gupta I (c. 240-290)
• Ghatotkacha (290-305)
• Chandra Gupta I (305-335), founder of the Gupta Empire, which is often regarded as the golden age of Indian culture
• Samudra Gupta (335-370)
• Rama Gupta (370-375)
• Chandra Gupta II (Chandragupta Vikramaditya) (375-415), son of Samudra Gupta, the Gupta Empire achieved its zenith under his reign, the Chinese pilgrim Fa-Hsien describes Indian culture during his reign
• Kumara Gupta I (415-455)
• Skanda Gupta (455-467)
• Kumara Gupta II (467-477)
• Buddha Gupta (477-496)
• Chandra Gupta III (496-500)
• Vainya Gupta (500-515)
• Narasimha Gupta (510-530)
• Kumara Gupta III (530-540)
• Vishnu Gupta (c. 540-550)

Central

• Kulasekara (c. 550-450 BC)
• Pandion (c. 50 BC - 50 CE), known as Pandion to Greeks and Romans
• Kadungon (c. 600-700 CE), revived the dynasty
• Pandalathu Thampuran (from c. 1102)
• Punjattil Thampuran (from c. 1102)
• Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan (1251-1268), revived Pandyan glory, considered one of the greatest conquerors of Southern India
• Maravarman Sundara Pandyan
• Maravarman Kulasekaran I (1268-1308)
• Sundara Pandya (1308-1311), son of Maravarman Kulasekaran, fought with his brother Vira Pandya over the throne
• Vira Pandya (1308-1311), son of Maravarman Kulasekaran, fought with his brother of Sundara Pandya over the throne, Madurai was conquered by the Khilji dynasty

Pandalam Dynasty (903 - Present)

• Raja Rajasekhara (c. 1200-1500), descendant of the Pandya Dynasty, father of Ayyappan (often regarded as a Hindu deity)
• Punartham Naal Ravi Varma Thampuran (c. 1950-2002)
• Revathi Nal Rama Varma Raja (2002 - Present), currently the Raja of the Pandalam dynasty, living in Kerala at present

Foreign Emperors in North-Western India (c. 538 BC - 750 CE)

• Cyrus the Great (c. 538-529 BC), established the Achaemenid Empire, conquered parts of what is now Pakistan
• Cambyses II (530-521 BC)
• Smerdis (521 BC)
• Darius I (521-486 BC)
• Xerxes I (486-465 BC)
• Artaxerxes I (474-424 BC)
• Xerxes II (424-423 BC)
• Sogdianus (424-423 BC)
• Darius II (424-404 BC)
• Artaxerxes II (404-358 BC)
• Artaxerxes III (358-338 BC)
• Artaxerxes IV Arses (338-336 BC)
• Darius III Codomannus (336-330 BC), defeated by King Alexander the Great (who replaces the Achaemenid Empire with the Macedonian Empire)

• Alexander the Great (326-323 BC), founded the Macedonian Empire after conquering the Achaemenid Empire, conquered parts of what is now Pakistan, fought Porus (Purushottama) in the Battle of the Hydaspes River; his empire is quickly divided amongst the so-called diadochoi

• Seleucus Nicator (323-321 BC), diadochos general who founded the Seleucid Empire in the eastern part of the Macedonian empire after gaining control following Alexander's death, loses his territories in Pakistan and Afghanistan after being defeated by Chandragupta Maurya (Sandrakottos)

• Muhammad bin Qasim (711-715), an Arab general, conquered Sindh, Balochistan and southern Punjab and ruled these lands on behalf of the Ummayyid Caliph (political and spiritual leader of Islam), Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik
• Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik (715-717)
• Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (717–720)
• Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik (720–724)
• Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (724–743)
• al-Walid ibn Yazid (743–744)
• Yazid ibn al-Walid (744)
• Ibrahim ibn al-Walid (744)
• Marwan II ibn Muhammad (744–750)

Ancient

• Udiyancheralatan
• Antuvancheral
• Imayavaramban Nedun-Cheralatan (56-115 CE)
• Cheran Chenkutuvan (from 115)
• Palyanai Sel-Kelu Kuttuvan (115-130)
• Poraiyan Kadungo (from 115)
• Kalankai-Kanni Narmudi Cheral (115-140)
• Vel-Kelu Kuttuvan (130-185)
• Selvak-Kadungo (131-155)
• Adukotpattu Cheralatan (140-178)
• Kuttuvan Irumporai (178-185)
• Tagadur Erinda Perumcheral (185-201)
• Yanaikat-sey Mantaran Cheral (201-241)
• Ilamcheral Irumporai (241-257)
• Perumkadungo (257-287)
• Ilamkadungo (287-317)
• Kanaikal Irumporai (367-397)

• Rama Varma Kulashekhara (1020-1102), descendant of the Cheras
• Ravi Varma Kulashekhara (c. 1250-1314), last of the Cheras

• Simuka (c. 230-207 BC)
• Kanha (or Krishna) (207-189 BC)
• Satakarni I
• Hala (20-24 CE)
• Gautamiputra Satakarni (106-130)
• Vashishtiputra Pulumayi (130-158)
• Vashishtiputra Satakarni (c. 158-170)
• Sri Yajna Satakarni (c. 170-199)

Unlike the far larger empires of Alexander the Great and his Seleukid diadoch, centered in the region

• Euthydemus I (c. 221-206 BC), Greco-Bactrian king
• Demetrius I (c. 200–170 BC), son of Euthydemus I, conquered parts of what is now Pakistan
• Apollodotus I (180-160 BC), successor of Demetrius
• Agathocles (190-180 BC)
• Pantaleon (190-185 BC)
• Apollodotus I (reigned c. 180–160 BC)
• Antimachus II Nikephoros (160-155 BC)
• Demetrius II (155-150 BC)
• Menander I (c. 150–135 BC)
• Agathokleia (c. 135-125 BC), probably widow of Menander, queen-mother and regent for her son Strato
• Strato I (125-110 BC), son of Menander and Agathokleia
• Heliokles II (110-100 BCE)
• Polyxenios (c. 100 BCE), possibly in Gandhara
• Demetrius III Aniketos (c. 100 BC)
• Amyntas (95-90 BC)
• Peukolaos (c. 90 BC)
• Menander II Dikaios "The Just" (90 - 85 BC)
• Archebios (90-85 BC)

• Ilamcetcenni c.100 C.E.
• Karikala Chola c.120 C.E
• Nedunkilli c.150 C.E.
• Nalankilli c.150 C.E.
• Killivalavan c. 200 C.E.
• Perunarkilli c. 300 C.E.
• Kocengannan c. 220 C.E.

• Vijayalaya Chola (848-881), founder of the Chola Empire
• Aditya (871-907)
• Parantaka I (907-955)
• Gandaraditya (950-957)
• Arinjaya (956-957)
• Parantaka Chola II (957-970)
• Uttama Chola (973-985)
• Rajaraja Chola I (985-1014), considered the greatest of all Cholas, expanded the Chola Empire overseas to Sri Lanka
• Rajendra Chola I (1012-1044), expanded the Chola Empire overseas to South-East Asia
• Rajadhiraja Chola I (1018-1054)
• Rajendra Chola II (1051-1063)
• Virarajendra Chola (1063-1070)
• Athirajendra Chola (1067-1070)
• Vikkrama Chola (1118-1135)
• Kulotunga Chola II (1133-1150)
• Rajaraja Chola II (1146-1163)
• Rajadiraja Chola II (1163-1178)
• Kulothunga Chola III (1178-1218)
• Rajaraja Chola III (1216-1256)
• Rajendra Chola IV (1246-1279), last of the Cholas

North-western India (c. 90 BC - 10 CE)

• Maues (c. 85-60 BC)
• Vonones (c. 75-65 BC)
• Spalahores (c. 75-65 BC)
• Spalarises (c. 60-57 BC)
• Azes I (c. 57-35 BC)
• Azilises (c. 57-35 BC)
• Azes II (c. 35-12 BC)
• Zeionises (c. 10 BC - 10 CE)
• Kharahostes (c. 10 BC - 10 CE)
• Hajatria
• Liaka Kusuluka, satrap of Chuksa
• Kusulaka Patika, satrap of Chuksa and son of Liaka Kusulaka

Apracharaja Rulers (12 BC - 45 CE)

• Vijayamitra (12 BC - 15 CE)
• Itravasu (c. 20 CE)
• Aspavarma (15-45 CE)

• Hagamasha (satrap)
• Hagana (satrap)
• Rajuvula (Great Satrap) (c. 10 CE)
• Sodasa, son of Rajuvula

Minor local rulers

• Bhadrayasha
• Mamvadi
• Arsakes

• Gondophares I (c. 21-50)
• Abdagases I (c. 50-65)
• Satavastres (c. 60)
• Sarpedones (c.70)
• Orthagnes (c. 70)
• Ubouzanes (c. 77)
• Sases or Gondophares II (c. 85)
• Abdagases II (c. 90)
• Pakores (c. 100)

• Vima Takto (c. 80–105), alias Soter Megas or "Great Saviour."
• Vima Kadphises (c. 105-127), the first great Kushan emperor
• Kanishka I (127–147)
• Vāsishka (c. 151–155)
• Huvishka (c. 155–187)
• Vasudeva I (c. 191–225), the last of the great Kushan emperors

Early

• Simha Varman I (275-300 or 315-345)
• Skanda Varman I (345-355)

Middle

• Visnugopa (350-355)
• Kumaravisnu I (355-370)
• Skanda Varman II 370-385)
• Vira Varman (385-400)
• Skanda Varman III (400-438)
• Simha Varman II (438-460)
• Skanda Varman IV (460-480)
• Nandi Varman I (480-500)
• Kumaravisnu II (c. 500-510)
• Buddha Varman (c. 510-520)
• Kumaravisnu III (c. 520-530)
• Simha Varman III (c. 530-537)

Later

• Simha Vishnu (537-570)
• Mahendra Varman I (571-630)
• Narasimha Varman (Mamalla) (630-668)
• Mahendra Varman II (668-672)
• Paramesvara Varman (672-700)
• Narasimha Varman (Raja Simha) 700-728)
• Parameswaran II (705-710)
• Nandi Varman II (732-796)
• Thandi Varman (775-825)
• Nandi Varman III (825-869)
• Nirupathungan (869-882)

• Mayura Sharma (Varma) (345-365)
• Kangavarma (365-390)
• Bagitarha (390-415)
• Raghu (415-435)
• Kakusthavarma (435-455)
• Santivarma (455-460)
• Mrigeshavarma (460-480)
• Shivamandhativarma (480-485)
• Ravivarma (485-519)
• Harivarma (519-525)

Western

• Konganivarma Madhava 350 - 370
• Madhava II 370 - 390
• Harivarman 390 - 410
• Vishnugopa 410 - 430
• Tadangala Madhava 430 - 466
• Avinita 466 - 495
• Durvinita 495 - 535
• Mushkara 535 - 585
• Srivikrama 585 - 635
• Bhuvikarma 635 - 679
• Shivamara I 679 - 725
• Sripurusha 725 - 788
• Shivamara II 788 - 816
• Rajamalla I 817 - 853
• Nitimarga Ereganga 853 - 869
• Rajamalla II 870 - 907 CE
• Ereyappa Nitimarga II 907 - 919
• Narasimhadeva 919 - 925
• Rajamalla III 925 - 935
• Butuga II 935 - 960
• Takkolam in 949
• Maruladeva 960 - 963
• Marasimha III 963 - 974
• Rajamalla IV 974 - 985
• Rakkasa Ganga 985 - 1024

• Pulakesi I (543-566)
• Kirtivarman I (566-597)
• Mangalesa (597-609)
• Pulakesi II (609-642)
• Vikramaditya I (655-680)
• Vinayaditya (680-696)
• Vijayaditya (696-733)
• Vikramaditya II (733-746)
• Kirtivarman II (746-757)

• Tailapa Ahavamalla (973-997)
• Satyasraya Irivabedanga (997-1008)
• Vikramaditya V (1008-1014)
• Ayyana (1014-1015)
• Jayasimha II (1015-1042)
• Someshvara I (1042-1068) (shifted capital from Manyaketha to Kalyana)
• Someshvara II (1068-1076)
• Vikramaditya VI (1076-1127)
• Someshvara III (1127-1138)
• Jagadekamalla (1138-1151)
• Tailapa (1151-1156)
• Someshwara IV (1183-1189)

• Shashanka (600-625), first recorded independent king of Bengal, created the first unified political entity in Bengal

• Harsha Vardhana (606-648), unified Northern India and ruled it for over 40 years, he was the last non-Muslim emperor to rule a unified Northern India

• Dantidurga (735-756)
• Krishna I (756-774)
• Govinda II (774-780)
• Dhruva Dharavarsha (780-793)
• Govinda III (793-814)
• Amoghavarsha I (814-878)
• Krishna II Akalavarsha (878-914)
• Govinda IV
• Indra III (914-929)
• Amoghavarsha II (929-930)
• Govinda IV (930-935)
• Amoghavarsha III (934-939)
• Krishna III (939-967)
• Khottiga Amoghavarsha (967-972)
• Karka II Amoghhavarsha IV (972-973)
• Indra IV (973-982)

• Lalliya (c. 890-895)
• Kamaluka (895-921)
• Bhima (921-964), son of Kamaluka

• Jayapala (964-1001), son of Asatapala, descendant of the Kuru dynasty and Shahi dynasty, descendant of Janamejaya
• Anandapala (c. 1001-1011), son of Jayapala
• Trilochanpala (c. 1011-1022), son of Anandapala, assassinated in 1021-1022
• Bhímapála (c. 1022-1026), son of Tirlochanpala.

• Nripa Kama (1000-1045)
• Vinayaditya I (1045-1098)
• Ereyanga (1098-1100)
• Ballala (1100-1108)
• Vishnuvardhana (1108-1142)
• Narasimha I (1142-1173)
• Ballala II (1173-1220)
• Narasimha II (1220-1235)
• Vira Someshwara (1235-1253)
• Narasimha III and Ramanatha (1253-1295)
• Ballala III (1295-1342)

Despite the name, the capital was repeatedly elsewhere then Delhi city, not always near

• Qutb-ud-din Aybak (1206-1210)
• Aram Shah (1210-1211)
• Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (1211-1236)
• Rukn-ud-din Firuz (1236)
• Raziyyat ud din Sultana (1236-1240)
• Muiz-ud-din Bahram (1240-1242)
• Ala-ud-din Masud (1242-1246)
• Nasir-ud-din Mahmud (1246-1266)
• Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266-1286)
• Muiz-ud-din Qaiqabad (1286-1290)

• Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji (1290-1296), founder of the Khilji dynasty, defeated some invading Mongol armies
• Ala ud din Khilji (1296-1316), considered the greatest of the Delhi Sultans, unified India and defeated a number of invading Mongol armies
• Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah (1316-1320), the Delhi Sultanate had shrunk during his reign

• Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (1321-1325)
• Muhammad bin Tughluq (1325-1351)
• Firuz Shah Tughluq (1351-1388)
• Ghiyath al-Din Tughlaq II (1388-1389)
• Abu Baker (1389-1390)
• Nasir al-Din Muhammad (1390-1394)
• Mahmud Nasir al-Din (Sultan Mahmud) at Dehli (1394-1413)
• Nusrat Shah at Firuzabad

Invasion of Timur in 1398 and the end of the Tughluq Dynasty as known earlier.

• Khizr (1414-1421)
• Mubarik II (1421-1434)
• Muhamed IV (1434-1445)
• Alem I (1445-1451)

• Bahlul Khan Lodi (1451-1489)
• Sikandar Lodi (1489-1517)
• Ibrahim Lodi (1517-1526), defeated by Babur (who replaces the Delhi Sultanate with the Mughal Empire)

• Ala ud din Bahman Shah (1347-1358), establishes capital at Gulbarga
• Muhammad Shah I (1358-1375)
• Ala ud din Mujahid Shah (1375-1378)
• Daud Shah I (1378)
• Muhammad Shah II (1378-1397)
• Ghiyas ud din Tahmatan Shah (1397)
• Shams ud din Daud Shah II (1397)
• Taj ud din Feroz Shah (1397-1422)
• Shahab ud din Ahmad Shah I (1422-1435) establishes capital at Bidar
• Ala ud din Ahmad Shah II (1436-1458)
• Ala ud din Humayun Shah (1458-1461)
• Nizam ud din Ahmad Shah III (1461-1463)
• Shams ud din Muhammad Shah III (1463-1482)
• Mahmud Shah (1482-1518)
• Ahmad Shah IV (1518-1521)
• Ala ud din Shah (1521-1522)
• Waliullah Shah (1522-1524)
• Kalimullah Shah (1524-1527)

• Harihara I (Deva Raya) 1336-1343
• Bukka I (1343-1379)
• Harihara II(1379-1399)
• Bukka II (1399-1406)
• Deva Raya I(1406-1412)
• Vira Vijaya(1412-1419)
• Deva Raya II(1419-1444)
• (Notknown)(1444-1449)
• Mallikarjuna(1452-1465)
• Rajasekhara (1468-1469)
• Virupaksha I(1470-1471)
• Praudha Deva Raya(1476-?)
• Rajasekhara (1479-1480)
• Virupaksha II (1483-1484)
• Rajasekhara (1486-1487)

• Narasimha (1490-1???)
• Narasa (Vira Narasimha) (1???-1509)
• Krishna Deva (1509-1530)
• Achyuta (1530-1542)
• Sadasiva (1542-1567)

• Rama (1542-1565)
• Tirumala (1565-1567)
• Tirumala (1567-1575)
• Ranga II (1575-1586)
• Venkata I (1586-1614)

• Zahir ud din Muhammad Babur (1526-1530), descendant of Mongol conqueror Timur, establishes the Mughal Empire (one of the 3 earliest gunpowder empires) after defeating the Delhi Sultanate
• Nasir ud din Muhammad Humayun (1530-1540), temporarily loses his empire to usurper Sher Shah after being defeated by him

• Sher Shah Suri (1540-1545), seizes the Mughal Empire after defeating the second Mughal Emperor Humayun
• Islam Shah Suri (1545-1553)
• Adil Shah (1553-1555), loses the empire to the chased Mughal Humayun who defeated and chased him

• Nasir ud din Muhammad Humayun (1555-1556), restores his empire after defeating Suri-ruler Adil Shah
• Jalal ud din Muhammad Akbar (Akbar the Great) (1556-1605), considered the greatest of all Mughals, unified India ('Hind') under the Mughal Empire
• Nur ud din Muhammad Jahangir (1605-1627), known in legends as Shehzada Salim
• Ghiyasuddin Shah Jahan (1627-1657), built the Taj Mahal, which is often regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the World
• Murad Baksh (1657)
• Shah Shuja (1657-1658)
• Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658-1707), expanded the Mughal Empire to its greatest extent, ruling over most of South Asia and Afghanistan
• Azam Shah (1707)
• Kambaksh (1707)
• Bahadur Shah I (1707-1712)
• Azim ush Shan (1712)
• Jahandar Shah (1712-1713)
• Farrukh Siyar (1713-1719)
• Rafi ud Darajat (1719)
• Rafi ud Daulah (1719)
• Nikusiyar (1719)
• Muhammad Shah (First rule, 1719-1720)
• Mohammed Ibrahim (1720)
• Muhammad Shah (Restored) (1720-1748)
• Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748-1754)
• Alamgir II (1754-1759)
• Shah Jahan III (1760)
• Shah Alam II (1759-1806)
• Akbar Shah II (1806-1837)
• Bahadur Shah II (1837-1857)

• Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj (b.1627, coronated 1674, d.1680)
• Chhatrapati Sambhaji (1680-1688), elder son of Shivaji
• Chhatrapati Rajaram (1688-1700), younger son of Shivaji
• *Rajmata Tarabai, regent (1700-1707), widow of Chhatrapati Rajaram
• Chhatrapati Shivaji II (b.1796, ruled 1700-14); first of the Kolhapur Chhatrapatis

Empire divided between two branches of the family c.1707-10 AD; division formalized in AD 1731.

• Chattrapati Shahu Maharaj (b.1682, r.1707-1749)
• Rajaram II of Satara (b.1749, r.1749-77)
• Shahu II of Satara (r.1777-1810)
• Chhatrapati Pratapsinh of Satara (b.1793, r.1810-39)

State annexed by the British in 1839

Chhatrapatis at

• Chhatrapati Shivaji II (b.1796, ruled 1700-14)
• Sambhaji II of Kolhapur (b.1698, r.1714-60)
• *Rajmata Jijibai, regent (1760-73), senior widow of Sambhaji II
• *Rajmata Durgabai, regent (1773-79), junior widow of Sambhaji II
• Shahu Shivaji II of Kolhapur (r.1762-1813); adopted by Jijibai, his predecessor's senior widow
• Sambhaji III of Kolhapur (b.1801, r.1813-21)
• Shivaji III of Kolhapur (b.1816, r.1821-22) (council of regency)
• Shahaji I of Kolhapur (b.1802, r.1822-38)
• Shivaji IV of Kolhapur (b.1830, r.1838-66)
• Rajaram I of Kolhapur (r.1866-70)
• *Council of regency (1870-94)
• Shivaji V of Kolhapur (b.1863, r.1871-83); adopted by his predecessor's widow
• Rajarshi Shahu of Kolhapur (b.1874, r.1884-1922); adopted by his predecessor's widow
• Rajaram II of Kolhapur (b.1897 r.1922-40)
• *Indumati Tarabai of Kolhapur, regent (1940-47), widow of Rajaram II
• Shivaji VI of Kolhapur (b.1941, r.1941-46); adopted by his predecessor's widow
• Shahaji II of Kolhapur (b.1910, r.1947-47, d.1983); formerly Maharaja of Dewas Senior; adopted by Indumati Tarabai, widow of Rajaram II

State acceded unto the dominion of India following the independence of India in 1947.

The Technically they weren't monarchs, but hereditary prime ministers, though in fact they ruled in stead of the Maharaja, and were hegemon of the mahratta confederation

• Balaji Vishwanath (1713-2april 1720) (b.1660, d. 2april 1720)
• Peshwa Bajirao I (17 April 1720-28 April 1740) (b.18 aug.1700, d. 28 April 1740)
• Balaji Bajirao (4 July 1740-23 June 1761) (b.8 dec.1721, d. 23 jun.1761)
• Madhavrao II Ballal (1761-18 nov.1772) (b.16 feb.1745, d. 18 nob.1772)
• Narayanrao Bajirao (13 dec.1772-30 aug.1773) (b.10 aug.1755, d. 30 aug.1773)
• Raghunath Rao Bajirao (5 dec.1773-1774) (b.18 aug.1734, d. 11 dec.1783)
• Sawai Madhava Rao Narayan (1774-27 oct.1795) (b.18 April 1774, d. 27 oct.1795)
• Baji Rao II (6 dec.1796-3 June 1818) (d. 28 jan.1851)
• Nana Sahib (1 July 1857-1858) (b.19 May 1825, d. 24 sep.1859)

Maharajas of Descended from a brother of Shivaji; ruled independently and had no formal relationship with the Maratha Empire.

• Venkojirao Bhonsle of Thanjavur a.k.a. Ekoji I (b.1630, r.1676-84)
• Shahajirao Bhonsle of Thanjavur (b.1672, r.1684-1712)
• Serfojirao I of Thanjavur (b.1679, r.1712-1729)
• Tukojirao Bhonsle of Thanjavur (b.1677, r.1729-1736)
• Venkoji II of Thanjavur a.k.a. Ekoji II (b.1694, r.1636-1737)
• Pratapasimha Bhonsle of Thanjavur (r.1737-63)
• Tulojirao Bhonsle of Thanjavur (b.1738, r.1763-87), elder son of Pratapasimha
• Serfoji II of Thanjavur (r.1787-93 & 1798-99, d.1832); adoptive son of Tuloji Bhonsle
• Ramaswami Amarasimha Bhonsle (r.1793-98); younger son of Pratapasimha

State was annexed by the British in 1799

• Ranojirao Scindia, Patil of Kanherkheda near Satara
• Jayappa Scindia, (d.1755) established rule over much of north India
• Janakappa I Scindia, (r.1755-1761)
• *Interregnum
• Madhavrao Scindia I (r.1768-94)
• Daulatrao Scindia, (r.1794-1827)
• Janakappa II Scindia, (b.1805, r.1827-43) adopted by his predecessor's widow
• Jayajirao Scindia (b.1835, r.1843-66)
• Madhavrao Scindia II (b.1876, r.1886-1925)
• Jivajirao Scindia (b.1916, r.1925-47, d.1961)

Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India.

The major Muslim vassals of the Mughal/British Paramountcy (1707-1856)

• Murshid Quli Jafar Khan (1707-1727)
• Siraj ud din (1727-1739)
• Sarfraz Khan (1739-1740)
• Illahi Vardi Khan (1740-1756)
• Siraj Ud Daulah (1756-1757)
• Mir Jafar (1757-1760)
• Mir Qasim (1760-1763)
• Mir Jafar (1763-1765)
• Najm ud Daulah (1765-1766)
• Saif ud Daulah (1766-1770)

• Saadat Khan (1722-1739)
• Safdar Jang (1739-1754)
• Shuja-Ud-Daulah (1754-1775)
• Asaf-Ud-Daula (1775-1797)
• Nawab Wazir Ali Shah (1797-1798)
• Sadat Ali Khan (1798-1814)
• Ghaziuddin Haider (1814-1827)
• Nasiruddin Haider (1827-1837)
• Muhammad Ali Shah (1837-1842)
• Amjad Ali Shah (1842-1847)
• Wajid Ali Shah (1847-1856)

• Qamar ud din Nizal ul Mulk (1724-1748)
• Muhammad Nasir Jang (1748-1750)
• Muzaffar Jang (1750-1751)
• Salabat Jang (1751-1762)
• Nizam Ali (1762-1802)
• Akbar Ali Khan (1802-1829)
• Nasir ud Daulah (1829-1857)
• Afzal ud Daulah (1857-1869)
• Mubarak Ali Khan (1869-1911)
• Usman Ali Khan (1911-1948)

Rulers of

• Yaduraya (1399–1423)
• Hiriya Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar I (1423–1459)
• Thimmaraja Wodeyar I (1459–1478)
• Hiriya Chamaraja Wodeyar II (1478–1513)
• Hiriya bettada Chamaraja III Wodeyar (1513–1553)
• Thimmaraja Wodeyar II (1553–1572)
• Bola Chamaraja Wodeyar IV (1572–1576)
• Bettada Devaraja Wodeyar (1576–1578)
• Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617)
• Chamaraja Wodeyar V (1617–1637).
• Raja II Wodeyar (1637–1638)
• (Ranadhira) Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar I (1638–1659)
• Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar (1659–1673)
• Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar (1673–1704)
• Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar II (1704–1714)
• Dodda Krishnaraja Wodeyar (1714–1732)
• Chamaraja Wodeyar VI (1732–1734)
• (Immadi) Krishnaraja II Wodeyar (1734–1766)
• Nanajaraja Wodeyar (1766–1770)
• Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar VII(1770–1776)
• Khasa Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII (1766–1782), he was still king while Hyder Ali was the ruler of Mysore

Reign of the Kings of Mysore (Wodeyar line) is interrupted by the reigns of Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan.

• Hyder Ali (1766-1782), Muslim usurper deposing the Hindu Maharaja, fought the British and Nizams of Hyderabad in the first 2 Anglo-Mysore Wars
• Tipu Sultan (Tiger of Mysore) (1782-1799), son of Hyder Ali, considered the greatest ruler of Mysore, assumed the novel style Padshah bahadur of Khudadad (thus claiming the paramountcy of India instead of the Mughal 'mere' Padhshah), fought the British, Marathas and Nizams of Hyderabad in the 4 Anglo-Mysore Wars (where he invented iron rockets), allied to the French, and lost everything

• (Mummudi) Krishnaraja III Wodeyar (1799 - 1868)
• Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (1868 - 1894)
• H.H. Vani Vilas Sannidhana, queen of Chamaraja Wodeyar IX served as regent from 1894 to 1902
• (Nalvadi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV (1894 - 1940)
• Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur (1940 - 1950)

• Queen-Empress Victoria (1877-1901)
• King-Emperor Edward VII (1901-1910)
• King-Emperor George V (1910-1936)
• King-Emperor Edward VIII (Jan-Dec 1936)
• King-Emperor George VI (1936-1947)

See also

• History of South Asia
• History of India
• Middle kingdoms of India
• List of Mauryan emperors
• List of Mughal emperors
• List of Indian Princely states
• Rulers of Malwa
• Emperor, Emperor of India, Paramount ruler
• Nawab, Nizam, Padishah, Shah, Sultan

Sources and External links

• [Hostkingdom.net - Greater India]
• [Indian Princely States]
• [RoyalArk - India pages]

From Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Original article here. Support Wikipedia by contributing or donating.
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License See Wikipedia Copyrights for details.