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List of New Zealand birds

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As a land without terrestrial mammals of any kind, New Zealand was, until the arrival of the first humans, inhabited by an extraordinarily diverse range of specialised birds. The ecological niches occupied by mammals as different as cows and rodents, kangaroos and moles, were filled by reptiles, insects, or birds.

When humans arrived in New Zealand sometime between 800 and 1300, this unique and unusual ecology became endangered. Several species were hunted to extinction, most notably the moa and harpagornis. The most damage however was caused by the other animals that humans brought with them, particularly rats (the Polynesian Rat or kiore imported by Māori and the Brown Rat and Black Rat subsequently introduced by Europeans), but also dogs, cats, stoats, weasels, hedgehogs, and Australian possums. The flightless birds were in particular danger. Consequently many bird species became extinct, and others remain critically endangered. Several species are now confined only to offshore islands, or to fenced "Ecological Islands" from which predators have been eliminated. Consequently New Zealand is today a world leader in the techniques required to bring severely endangered species back from the brink of extinction.

The birds below are listed by their Māori name (where known) with English alternatives in brackets. In some cases (tui, kaka, weka, pukeko, moa, kiwi, kea, kokako, takahe) the Māori name is the common name. In other cases (fantail, albatross, Black-backed Gull, bellbird, Morepork, dotterel, wax-eye, oystercatcher) the English name is most commonly used.

The species and subspecies marked extinct became extinct subsequent to humans' arrival in New Zealand. About two thirds of the extinctions occurred after the arrival of Māori but before the arrival of Pakeha and the rest since Pakeha arrived.

Sorted (at least in part):

Contents

Sphenisciformes

  • Procellariidae
  • * Antarctic Giant Petrel, Macronectes giganteus - Vulnerable
  • * Hall's Giant Petrel, Macronectes halli - Near-threatened
  • * Southern Fulmar, Fulmarus glacialoides
  • * Antarctic Petrel, Thalassoica antarctica - Rare/Accidental
  • * Cape Petrel, Daption capense
  • * Great-winged Petrel, Pterodroma macroptera
  • * Tahiti Petrel, Pterodroma rostrata - Rare/Accidental
  • * White-headed Petrel, Pterodroma lessonii
  • * Phoenix Petrel, Pterodroma alba - Rare/Accidental - Vulnerable
  • * Mottled Petrel, Pterodroma inexpectata - Near-threatened
  • * Providence Petrel, Pterodroma solandri - Rare/Accidental - Vulnerable
  • * Kermadec Petrel, Pterodroma neglecta - Rare/Accidental
  • * Taiko or Magenta Petrel, Pterodroma magentae - Breeding endemic - Critically endangered
  • * Soft-plumaged Petrel, Pterodroma mollis
  • * Juan Fernandez Petrel, Pterodroma externa - Rare/Accidental - Vulnerable
  • * White-necked Petrel, Pterodroma cervicalis - Rare/Accidental - Vulnerable
  • * Cook's Petrel, Pterodroma cookii - Breeding endemic - Endangered
  • * Gould's Petrel, Pterodroma leucoptera - Rare/Accidental - Vulnerable
  • * Black-winged Petrel, Pterodroma nigripennis
  • * Chatham Petrel, Pterodroma axillaris - Breeding endemic - Critically endangered
  • * Stejneger's Petrel, Pterodroma longirostris - Rare/Accidental - Vulnerable
  • * Pycroft's Petrel, Pterodroma pycrofti - Breeding endemic - Vulnerable
  • * New Zealand Storm Petrel, Oceanites Māorianus - recently rediscovered
  • * Blue Petrel, Halobaena caerulea
  • * Broad-billed Prion, Pachyptila vittata
  • * Salvin's Prion, Pachyptila salvini
  • * Antarctic Prion, Pachyptila desolata
  • * Slender-billed Prion, Pachyptila belcheri
  • * Fulmar Prion, Pachyptila crassirostris
  • * Fairy Prion, Pachyptila turtur
  • * Gray Petrel, Procellaria cinerea - Near-threatened
  • * White-chinned Petrel, Procellaria aequinoctialis
  • * Parkinson's Petrel, Procellaria parkinsoni - Breeding endemic - Vulnerable
  • * Westland Petrel, Procellaria westlandica - Breeding endemic - Vulnerable
  • * Kerguelen Petrel, Aphrodroma brevirostris
  • * Cory's Shearwater, Calonectris diomedea - Rare/Accidental
  • * Pink-footed Shearwater, Puffinus creatopus - Rare/Accidental - Vulnerable
  • * Flesh-footed Shearwater, Puffinus carneipes
  • * Wedge-tailed Shearwater, Puffinus pacificus - Rare/Accidental
  • * Buller's Shearwater, Puffinus bulleri - Breeding endemic - Vulnerable
  • * Titi or Muttonbird or Sooty Shearwater, Puffinus griseus
  • * Short-tailed Shearwater, Puffinus tenuirostris
  • * Christmas Shearwater, Puffinus nativitatis - Rare/Accidental
  • * Manx Shearwater, Puffinus puffinus - Rare/Accidental
  • * Hutton's Shearwater, Puffinus huttoni - Breeding endemic - Endangered
  • * Fluttering Shearwater, Puffinus gavia
  • * Little Shearwater, Puffinus assimilis
  • Toroa or Albatross
  • * Wandering Albatross, Diomedea exulans
  • * Royal Albatross, Diomedea epomophora
  • * Black-footed Albatross, Diomedea nigripes
  • * Grey-headed Albatross, Thalassarche chrysostoma - Vulnerable
  • * Black-browed Albatross, Thalassarche melanophris
  • * Buller's Albatross, Thalassarche bulleri - Vulnerable
  • * Shy Albatross, Thalassarche cauta - Near-threatened
  • * Chatham Albatross, Thalassarche eremita - Critically endangered
  • * Yellow-nosed Albatross, Thalassarche chlororhynchos
  • * Sooty Albatross, Phoebetria fusca - Rare/Accidental - Vulnerable
  • * Light-mantled Albatross, Phoebetria palpebrata - Near-threatened

  • Rallidae
  • * New Zealand Coot, Fulica chathamensis - extinct
  • * Chatham Island Rail, Gallirallus modestus - extinct
  • * Giant Chatham Island Rail, Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi - extinct
  • * Hodgen's Rail, Gallinula hodgeni - extinct
  • * Dieffenbach's Rail, Gallirallus dieffenbachii - extinct
  • * Snipe-Rail, Capellirallus karamu - extinct
  • * Adzebill, Aptornis otidiformis - extinct
  • * Auckland Islands Rail, Lewinia muelleri - Vulnerable
  • * Pukeko or Purple Swamphen, Porphyrio porphyrio
  • * North Island Takahe, Porphyrio mantelli - extinct
  • * South Island Takahe, Porphyrio hochstetteri - Endangered
  • * Weka or Woodhen, Gallirallus australis - Vulnerable

  • Charadriidae
  • * South Island Oystercatcher, Haematopus finschi
  • * Chatham Island Oystercatcher, Haematopus chathamensis - Endangered
  • * Torea or Variable Oystercatcher, Haematopus unicolor
  • * Ngutuparore or Wrybill, Anarhynchus frontalis - Vulnerable
  • * Kaki or Black Stilt, Himantopus novaezelandiae - Critically endangered
  • * Tuturiwhatu or New Zealand Dotterel, Charadrius obscurus - Vulnerable
  • * Tuturuatu or Shore Plover, Thinornis novaeseelandiae - Endangered
  • * Chatham Islands Snipe, Coenocorypha pusilla - Vulnerable
  • * Giant Chatham Island Snipe, Coenocorypha chathamica - Extinct
  • * Hakawai or New Zealand Snipe, Coenocorypha aucklandica
  • ** Stewart Island Snipe, Coenocorypha aucklandica iredalei - Extinct
  • ** Little Barrier Snipe, Coenocorypha aucklandica barrierensis - Extinct
  • * Huahou or Red Knot, Calidris canutus
  • Laridae
  • * Kelp Gull, Larus dominicanus
  • * Silver Gull, Larus novaehollandiae
  • * Red-billed Gull, Larus scopulinus - Endemic
  • * Black-billed Gull, Larus bulleri - Endemic - Vulnerable
  • Sternidae
  • * Taranui or Caspian Tern, Hydroprogne caspia
  • * Tarapiroe or Black-fronted Tern, Chlidonias albostriatus - Endangered
  • * Tara-iti or New Zealand Fairy Tern, Sternula nereis davisae - Critically Endangered
  • Stercorariidae or Hakoakoa
  • * Arctic Skua, Stercorarius parasiticus - Migratory visitor
  • * Brown Skua or Subantarctic Skua, Catharacta lonnbergi

Podicipediformes

Strigiformes

  • Aegothelidae
  • *New Zealand Owlet-Nightjar, Aegotheles novaezealandiae - Extinct

  • Cuculidae
  • * Koekoea or Longtailed Cuckoo, Eudynamys taitensis
  • * Pipiwharauroa or Shining Cuckoo, Chrysococcyx lucidas

  • Acanthisittidae
  • * Matuhi or Bush Wren, Xenicus longipes - extinct
  • ** South Island Bush Wren, Xenicus longipes longipes - extinct
  • ** North Island Bush Wren, Xenicus longipes stokesi - extinct
  • ** Stead's Bush Wren, Xenicus longipes variabilis - extinct
  • * Rock Wren, Xenicus gilviventris
  • * Stephens Island Wren, Traversia lyalli - extinct
  • * Titipounamu or Rifleman, Acanthisitta chloris
  • * Yaldwyn's Wren, Pachyplichas yaldwyni - extinct
  • * Grant-Mackie's Wren, Pachyplichas jagmi - extinct
  • Corvidae
  • * New Zealand Crow, Palaeocorax moriorum - extinct
  • *Rook, Corvus frugilegus - introduced
  • Motacillidae
  • * Pihoihoi or New Zealand Pipit, Anthus novaeseelandiae
  • Pachycephalidae
  • * Popokotea or Whitehead, Mohoua albicilla - endemic
  • * Mohua or Yellowhead, Mohoua ochrocephala - endemic
  • * Pipipi or Brown Creeper, Mohoua novaeseelandiae - endemic
  • Acanthizidae
  • * Riroriro or Grey Warbler, Gerygone igata - endemic
  • * Chatham Gerygone, Gerygone albofrontata - endemic
  • Callaeidae
  • * Kokako, Callaeas cinerea - endemic
  • ** North Island Kokako, Callaeas cinerea wilsoni - endemic - endangered
  • ** South Island Kokako, Callaeas cinerea cinerea - endemic - probably extinct
  • * Tieke or Saddleback, Philesturnus carunculatus - endemic
  • ** North Island Saddleback, Philesturnus carunculatus rufusater - endemic - endangered
  • ** South Island Saddleback, Philesturnus carunculatus carunculatus - endemic - endangered
  • * Huia, Heteralocha acutirostris - extinct
  • Muscicapidae
  • * Piopio, Turnagra capensis - extinct
  • * Chatham Island Fernbird, Megalurus rufescens - extinct
For a comprehensive listing of families, see Australasian birds, which includes the birds of New Zealand, Australia, and the Southern Ocean.

References

External links

 

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