List of biologists

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This is a list of notable biologists. It includes zoologists, botanists, ornithologists, malacologists, naturalists and other specialities.

:	Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

Humayun Abdulali (1914-2001), Indian ornithologist
Erik Acharius (1757-1819), Swedish botanist
Johann Friedrich Adam (18th cent - 1806), Russian botanist
Michel Adanson (1727-1806), French naturalist (abbr. in botany : Adans.)
Edgar Douglas Adrian (1889-1977), British electrophysiologist, winner of the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on neurons
Adam Afzelius (1750-1837), Swedish botanist
Carl Adolph Agardh (1785-1859), Swedish botanist
Jacob Georg Agardh (1813-1901), Swedish botanist
Louis Agassiz (1807-1873), Swiss zoologist
Alexander Agassiz (1835-1910), American zoologist, son of Louis Agassiz
Nikolaus Ager (1568-1634), French botanist
William Aiton (1731-1793), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany : Aiton)
Bruce Alberts (born 1938), American biochemist, former President of the National Academy of Sciences
Boyd Alexander (1873-1910), English ornithologist
Horace Alexander (1889-1989), English ornithologist
Richard D. Alexander (born 1930) American evolutionary biologist
Wilfred Backhouse Alexander (1885-1965), English ornithologist
Alfred William Alcock (1859-1933), British naturalist
Salim Ali (1896-1987), Indian ornithologist
Frédéric-Louis Allamand (1736 - after 1803), Swiss botanist (abbr. in botany : F.Allam.)
Warder Clyde Allee (1885-1955), American zoologist and ecologist, identified the Allee effect
Joel Asaph Allen (1838-1921), birds, mammals
George James Allman (1812-1898), British naturalist
Prospero Alpini (1553-1617), Italian botanist
Sidney Altman (born 1939), Canadian-born molecular biologist, winner of the 1989 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on RNA
Bruce Ames (born 1928), American biochemist, inventor of the Ames test
José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta (1832-1897), Portuguese naturalist
Jakob Johan Adolf Appellöf (1857-1921), Swedish marine zoologist.
Aristotle (384 BC-322 BC), Greek philosopher
Peter Artedi (1705-1735), Swedish naturalist
Jean Baptiste Audebert (1759-1800), French naturalist.
Jean Victoire Audouin (1797-1841), French zoologist
John James Audubon (1786-1851), American ornithologist
Charlotte Auerbach (1899-1994), German geneticist, founded the discipline of mutagenesis
Gilbert Ashwell (born 1916), American biochemist, pioneer in the study of cell receptor
Richard Axel (born 1946), Nobel prize winning physiologist
Julius Axelrod (1912-2004), American biochemist, winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on catecholamine neurotransmitters
Joseph Ayers marine neurophysiologist and biomimetic researcher
Félix de Azara (1746-1811), Spanish naturalist

B

Ba-Bi

Churchill Babington (1831-1881), British archaeologist and conchologist
John Bachman (1790-1874), American naturalist
Curt Backeberg (1894-1966), German botanist (abbr. in botany: Backeb.)
Karl Ernst von Baer (1792-1876), embryology
Liberty Hyde Bailey (1858-1954),American botanist (abbr. in botany : L.H.Bailey)
Spencer Fullerton Baird (1823-1887), birds and mammals
John Hutton Balfour (1808-1884), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany : Balf.)
David Baltimore (born 1938), Nobel prize
Joseph Banks (1743-1820), biologist, botanist (abbr. in botany : Banks)
Robert Bárány (1876-1936), Austrian physician, received the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the vestibular system
Benjamin Smith Barton (1766-1815), American botanist (abbr. in botany : Barton)
John Bartram (1699-1777), American botanist (abbr. in botany : Bartram)
William Bartram (1739-1823), American naturalist (abbr. in botany : W.Bartram)
Anton de Bary (1831-1888), surgeon, botanist, microbiologist
Henry Walter Bates (1825-1892), English naturalist
Patrick Bateson (born 1938), English biologist and science writer, President of the ZSL
Nicolas Baudin (1754-1803), French botanist
Gaspard Bauhin (1560-1624), Swiss boatanist introduced binomial nomenclature into taxonomy, which was used by Linnaeus(abbr. in botany : C.Bauhin)
Johann Matthäus Bechstein (1757-1822), German naturalist (abbr. in botany : Bechst.)
Rollo Beck (1870-1950), US ornithologist
Charles Emerson Beecher (1856-1904), US invertebrate paleontologist
Charles William Beebe (1877-1962), biologist

Martinus Beijerinck (1851-1931), Dutch microbiologist and botanist, discovered viruses
Thomas Bell (1792-1880) English naturalist
David Bellamy (born 1933), English botanist
Edward Turner Bennett (1797-1836), English zoologist
George Bentham (1800-1884), English botanist (abbr; in botany : Benth.)
Wilson Teixeira Beraldo (1917-1998), Brazilian physician and physiologist, codiscoverer of bradykinin
Robert Bentley (1821-1893), English botanist (abbr. in botany : Bentley)
Hans Berger (1873-1941), German neuroscientist, one of the founders of electroencephalography
Claude Bernard (1813-1878), French physiologist and father of the concept of homeostasis
Samuel Stillman Berry (1887-1984), U.S. marine zoologist
Thomas Bewick (1753-1828), English ornithologist
Colin Bibby (1948-2004), English ornithologist
Gabriel Bibron (1806-1848), French zoologist
Biswamoy Biswas (1923-1994), Indian ornithologist

Bl-Bu

Liz Blackburn (born 1948), Australian/US researcher in the field of telomeres and the 'telomerase' enzyme.
John Blackwall (1790-1881), British entomologist
Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (1777-1850), French zoologist
Albert Francis Blakeslee (1874-1954), American botanist, best known for research on Jimsonweed and the sexuality of fungi
Thomas Blakiston (1832-1891), English naturalist
William Thomas Blanford (1832-1905), English naturalist
Pieter Bleeke (1819-1878), Dutch ichthyologist
Günter Blobel (born 1936), German Nobel Prize-winning biologist who discovered that newly synthesized proteins contain "address tags" which direct them to the proper location within the cell.
Steven Block (born 1952), American biophysicist who measured the mechanical properties of single bio-molecules
Carl Ludwig Blume (1789-1862), German-Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany : Blume)
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752-1840), German physiologist and anthropologist
Edward Blyth (1810-1873), English zoologist
Pieter Boddaert (1730-1795 or 1796), naturalist
Charles Lucien Bonaparte (1803-1857), French naturalist
James Bond (1900-1989), American ornithologist
Franco Andrea Bonelli (1784-1830), Italian ornithologist
August Gustav Heinrich von Bongard (1786-1839), German botanist
Charles Bonnet (1720-1793), Swiss naturalist
Aimé Bonpland (1773-1858), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Bonpl.)
Jules Bordet (1870-1961), Belgian immunologist and microbiologist, winner of the 1919 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the complement system in the immune system
Antonina Georgievna Borissova (1903-1970), Russian botanist
Norman Borlaug (born 1914) is an American agricultural scientist, humanitarian, Nobel laureate, and the father of the Green Revolution.
Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc (1759-1828), French zoologist
George Albert Boulenger (1858-1937), Belgian zoologist
Jules Bourcier (1797-1873), French naturalist
Johann Friedrich von Brandt (1802-1879), German naturalist (abbr. in botany : Brandt)
Christian Ludwig Brehm (1787-1864), German ornithologist
Alfred Brehm (1829-1884), German zoologist
Sydney Brenner (born 1927), British molecular biologist, winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Thomas Mayo Brewer (1814-1880), American naturalist
William Brewster (1851-1919), American ornithologist
Mathurin Jacques Brisson (1723-1806), French zoologist.
Nathaniel Lord Britton (1859-1934), US Botanist (abbr. in botany : Britton)
Adolphe Theodore Brongniart (1801-1876), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Brongn.)
Robert Broom (1866-1951), South African paleontologist
James H. Brown American ecologist.
Robert Brown (1773-1858), botanist (abbr. in botany : R.Br.)
Jean Guillaume Bruguière (1750-1798), French naturalist
Morten Thrane Brünnich (1737-1827), Danish zoologist
Francis Buchanan-Hamilton (1762-1829), Scottish zoologist and botanist
Stephen L. Buchmann co-author of Forgotten Pollinators
Linda B. Buck (born 1947), American physiologist, Nobel prize winner
Samuel Botsford Buckley (1809-1884), American naturalist (abbr. in botany : Buckley)
Buffon (1707-1788) French naturalist (abbr. in botany : Buffon)
William Bullock (1773-1849), English naturalist
Walter Buller (1838-1906), New Zealand naturalist
James Bulwer (1794-1879), English naturalist and conchologist
Alexander G. von Bunge (1803-1890), German-Russian zoologist
Luther Burbank (1849-1926), American horticulturalist
Hermann Burmeister (1807-1892), German zoologist
Carlos Bustamante (born 1951), American biophysicist, discovered "molecular tweezers" to manipulate DNA
Ernesto Bustamante (born 1950), Peruvian biochemist, specialist in mitochondria. Currently works on DNA paternity testing

C

Jean Cabanis (1816-1906), German ornithologist
Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934), Spanish histologist and Nobel laureate. Considered the father of neuroscience.
George Caley (1770-1829), English botanist
Rudolf Jakob Camerarius (1665-1721), German botanist
Frederick Campion Steward (1904-1993), British botanist
A. P. de Candolle (1778-1841), Swiss botanist
Alexis Carrel (1873-1944), French biologist and surgeon, winner of the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on sutures and organ transplants, advocate of eugenics
Elie-Abel Carrière (1818-1896), French botanist
Clodoveo Carrión Mora (1883-1957), Ecuadorian paleontologist and naturalist
Sean Carroll, American evolutionary development biologist
Rachel Carson (1907-1964), biologist, author of Silent Spring
George Washington Carver (1860-1943), American botanist
John Cassin (1813-1869), American ornithologist
Alexandre de Cassini (1781-1832), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Cass.)
William E. Castle (1867-1962), American geneticist
Mark Catesby (1683-1749), English naturalist
Andrea Cesalpino (1519-1603), Italian botanist
Francesco Cetti (1726-1778), Italian zoologist
Carlos Chagas (1879-1934), Brazilian physician
Adelbert von Chamisso (1781–1838), German botanist
Min Chueh Chang (1908-1991), biologist
Frank Michler Chapman (1864-1945), ornithologist
Martha Chase (1927-2003), American biologist, conducted the Hershey-Chase experiment which linked DNA to heredity
Sergei Chetverikov (1880-1959), Russian population geneticist
Carl Chun (1852-1914), German marine biologist
Nathan Cobb (1859-1932), American biologist, considered the founder of the discipline of nematology
Alfred Cogniaux (1841-1916), Belgian botanist (abbr. in bot. : Cogn.)
Stanley Cohen (born 1922), American biologist who won the Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine (1986) for his discovery of growth factors.
Henry Boardman Conover (1892-1950), American ornithologist
Timothy Abbott Conrad (1803-1877), American malacologist
James Graham Cooper (1830-1902), American naturalist
William Cooper (1798-1864), American conchologist
Edward Drinker Cope (1840-1897), fish, reptiles, paleontology
Charles Coquerel (1822-1867), French navy surgeon and entomologist
Carl Ferdinand Cori (1896-1984), American biochemist, winner of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the Cori cycle
Gerty Cori (1986-1957), American biochemist, first American woman to win a Nobel Prize in science, the prize was awarded to her and her husband Carl for their work on the Cori cycle
Charles B. Cory (1857-1921), American ornithologist
Elliott Coues (1842-1899), American ornithologist
Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer (1907-2004), South African zoologist
Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997), French marine biologist and explorer
Miguel Rolando Covian (1913-1992), Argentine-Brazilian neurophysiologist, father of Brazilian neurophysiology
Philipp Jakob Cretzschmar (1786-1845), German zoologist
Francis Crick (1916–2004), one of the discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule and a neurobiologist
Nicholas Culpeper (1616–1654), English botanist
Allan Cunningham (1791-1839), English botanist
William Curtis (1746-1799), English botanist
Georges Cuvier (1769-1832), French naturalist.

D

Anders Dahl (1751-1789), (namesake of the Dahlia)
W.H. Dall (1845-1927), American naturalist and malacologist.
Charles Darwin (1809-1882), British naturalist
Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802), doctor, naturalist, grandfather of Charles
Charles Davenport (1866-1944), American biologist and eugenicsist, founded the Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Armand David (1826-1900), French zoologist and botanist
Bernard Davis (1916-1994), American biologist
Richard Dawkins (born 1941), British evolutionary biologist
Anton de Bary (1831-1888), German botanist and mycologist
Pierre Antoine Delalande (1787-1823), French naturalist
Max Delbrück (1906-1981), German physicist and biologist known for work on the replication mechanicsm of viruses
Richard Dell (1920-2002), New Zealand malacologist
Stefano Delle Chiaje (1794 - 1860), Italian zoologist
Paul Émile de Puydt (1810-1888), Belgian botanist
Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau (1810-1892), French naturalist
René Louiche Desfontaines (1750-1833), French botanist
Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest (1784-1838), French zoologist
Ernst Dieffenbach (1811-1855), German naturalist
Johann Jacob Dillenius (1684-1747), German botanist
Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-1975), American geneticist and evolutionary biologist
Rembert Dodoens (1517-1585), Flemish botanist
David Don (1799-1841), British botanist
James Donn (1758–1813) English botanist
Anton Dohrn (1840-1909), German marine biologist
Alcide d'Orbigny (1802-1857), French naturalist
Jean Dorst (1924-2001), French ornithologist
Henry Doubleday (1808-1875), British entomologist
David Douglas (1799-1834), Scottish botanist
Jonas C. Dryander (1748-1810), Swedish botanist
Renato Dulbecco (born 1914), biologist
André Marie Constant Duméril (1774 - 1860), French zoologist
Michel Felix Dunal (1789-1856), French botanist
Robin Dunbar (born 1947), Italian virologist
Gerald Durrell (1925-1995), British naturalist

E

Sylvia Earle (born 1935 ), American oceanographer
John Carew Eccles (1903-1997), Australian neurophsyiologist and winner of the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the synapse
Gerald Edelman (born 1929) Nobel Prize for immunology work, later work in neuroscience
George Edwards (1693-1773), British naturalist
Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (1795-1876), German biologist and microscopist
Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915), German Nobel Prize-winning immunologist
Theodor Eimer (1843-1898), German zoologist
Daniel Giraud Elliot (1835-1915), American zoologist
Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher (1804-1849), Austrian botanist
George Engelmann (1809-1884), German-American botanist
Adolf Engler (1844-1930), German botanist (bot. abbr. Engl.)
Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben (1744-1777), German naturalist.
Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz (1793-1831), Baltic German biologist and explorer, namesake of the California poppy
Constantin von Ettingshausen (1826-1897), Austrian botanist
Warren Ewens, American mathematical population geneticist
Thomas Campbell Eyton (1809-1880), English naturalist

F

Jean Henri Fabre (1823-1915), French entomologist
Johan Christian Fabricius (1745-1808), Danish entomologist
David Fairchild (1869-1954), American botanist
Hugh Falconer (1808-1865), Scottish paleontologist
Leonardo Fea (1852-1903), Italian zoologist
Christoph Feldegg (1780-1845), Austrian naturalist
Howard Barraclough (Barry) Fell (1917-1994), English zoologist and pre-Columbian contact theorist
Sérgio Ferreira (born 1934), Brazilian pharmacologist
Otto Finsch (1839-1917), German naturalist
Johann Fischer von Waldheim (1771-1853), German entomologist
James Fisher (1922-1970), English ornithologist
Ronald Fisher (1890-1962), British biologist and statistician, one of the founders of population genetics
Jim Flegg, British ornithologist
Alexander Fleming (1881-1955), British medical scientist
Walther Flemming (1843-1905), German physician and anatomist, discoverer of mitosis and chromosomes
Thomas Bainbrigge Fletcher (1878-1950) English entomologist
Howard Walter Florey (1898-1968), a pharmacologist who was the co-inventor of penicillin
E.B. Ford (1901-1988) British ecological geneticist
Peter Forsskål (1732-1763), Swedish naturalist
Georg Forster (1754-1794), German naturalist
Johann Reinhold Forster (1729-1798), German naturalist
Robert Fortune (1813-1880), Scottish botanist
Dian Fossey (1932-1985), zoologist
Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958), contributor to the discovery of the structure of DNA
Elias Magnus Fries (1794-1878), one of the founders of modern mushroom taxonomy
Karl von Frisch (1886-1982), Austrian ethologist and Nobel laureate, best known for pioneering studies of bees
Imre Frivaldszky (1799-1870), Hungarian botanist
Leonhart Fuchs (1501–1566), German botanist
Louis Agassiz Fuertes (1874-1927), American ornithologist

G

Joseph Gaertner (1732-1791), German botanist
François Gagnepain (1866-1952), French botanist
Joseph Paul Gaimard (1796-1858), French
Biruté Galdikas (born 1946), Canadian primatologist, conducted pioneering studies on orangutans
William Gambel (1823-1849), American naturalist
Prosper Garnot (1794-1838), French naturalist
Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré (1789-1854), French botanist
Michael Gazzaniga, American cognitive neuroscientist, best known for his research on split-brain patients
Howard Scott Gentry (1903-1993), American botanist
John Gerard (1545–1611/12), English botanist
Conrad von Gesner (1516-1565), Swiss naturalist (bot. abbr. : Gesner)
Luca Ghini (1490-1566), Italian botanist
John H. Gillespie, American molecular evolutionist and population geneticist
Charles Frédéric Girard (1822-1895), French biologist, ichthyologist, herpetologist
Johann Friedrich Gmelin (1748-1804), German naturalist (bot. abbr.: J.F.Gmel.)
Johann Georg Gmelin (1709-1755), German naturalist (bot. abbr.: J.G.Gmel.)
Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin (1744-1774), German botanist (bot. abbr. : S.G.Gmel.)
Frederick DuCane Godman (1834-1919), English naturalist and ornithologist
Émil Goeldi (1859-1917), Swiss-Brazilian naturalist and zoologist
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832), known for his literary works but also a scientist. In biology: his theory of plant metamorphosis stipulated that all plant formation stems from a modification of the Leaf.
Camillo Golgi (1843-1926), Italian physician and Nobel prize winner, pioneer in neurobiology
Jane Goodall (born 1934), British primatologist, ethologist and anthropologist, best-known for conducting a forty-year study of chimpanzee social and family life.
George Gordon (1806-1879), British botanist
Philip Henry Gosse (1810-1888), English naturalist
John Gould (1804-1881), English ornithologist
Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002), US paleontologist
Alfred Grandidier (1836-1921), French naturalist and explorer
Temple Grandin (born 1947), American animal scientist; world-renowned as a designer of humane livestock facilities and for her writings on her experience with autism
Pierre-Paul Grassé (1895-1985), French zoologist
Asa Gray (1810-1888), US botanist
George Robert Gray (1808-1872), English zoologist
J.E. Gray (1800-1875), British zoologist
Andrew Jackson Grayson (1819-1869), American ornithologist
Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon (1862-1933), British ornithologist
Jan Frederik Gronovius (1690-1762), Dutch botanist
Pavel Groselj (1883-1940), biologist and belletrist
Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville (1799-1874), French entomologist
Johann Anton Güldenstädt (1745-1781), German naturalist
Allvar Gullstrand (1862-1930), Swedish ophthalmologist, winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine "for research on the image formation by the lens of the eye"
Johann Ernst Gunnerus (1718-1773), Norwegian botanist
Albert C. L. G. Günther (1830-1914), British/German zoologist
Guranda Gvaladze (born 1932), Georgian botanist

H

Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919), German physician
Hermann August Hagen (1817-1893), German entomologist
J. B. S. Haldane (1892-1964), British geneticist and evolutionary biologist, co-founder of population genetics
William Donald Hamilton (1936-2000), British biologist
Thomas Hardwicke (1755-1835), English naturalist
Alister Clavering Hardy (1896-1985), English marine biologist and pioneer student of the biological basis of religion
Richard Harlan (1796-1843), American naturalist, zoologist, physicist and paleontologist
Denham Harman (born 1916), American biogerontologist, "father of the free radical theory of aging", nominated for the Nobel Prize in medicine (1995)
Ernst Hartert (1859-1933), German ornithologist
Gustav Hartlaub (1814-1900), German zoologist
Karl Theodor Hartweg (1812-1871), German botanist
Hans Hass (born 1919), Austrian biologist
Frederik Hasselquist (1722-1752), Swedish naturalist
Arthur Hay, 9th Marquess of Tweeddale (1824-1878), English ornithologist
Oskar Heinroth (1871-1945), German biologist, founder of ethology
Wilhelm Hemprich (1796-1825), German naturalist
Willi Hennig (1913-1976) German biologist, founder of cladistics
John Stevens Henslow (1796-1861), English botanist
Alfred Hershey (1908-1997), American bacteriologist, winner of the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the genetics of viruses
Archibald Vivian Hill (1886-1977), British physiologist, winner of the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his elucidation of the production of mechanical work in muscles
Brian Houghton Hodgson (1800-1894), English naturalist
Bruno Hofer (1861-1916), German fisheries scientist
Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg (1766-1849) German botanist, entomologist and ornithologist
Jacques Bernard Hombron (1798-1852), French naturalist
Leroy Hood (born 1939), M.D., Ph.D. American biochemist, developed high speed automated DNA sequencer.
Robert Hooke (1635-1703), British scholar
Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817-1911), British botanist
William Jackson Hooker (1785-1865), British botanist
Bernardo Houssay (1887-1971), Argentine physiologist, winner of the 1947 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the role played by pituitary hormones in regulating the amount of blood sugar (glucose) in animals.
Thomas Horsfield (1773-1859), American naturalist
Albert Howard (1873-1947), British botanist
Eliot Howard (1873-1940), English ornithologist
Sarah Blaffer Hrdy (born 1946), U.S. anthropologist who made contributions to evolutionary psychology and sociobiology.
David H. Hubel (born 1926), Canadian-Born American neurobiologist, winner of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the visual system
François Huber (1750-1831), Swiss naturalist
William Henry Hudson (1841-1922), Argentinian-British ornithologist
Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859), German naturalist
Allan Octavian Hume (1829-1912), British ornithologist
Rob Hume, British ornithologist
George Evelyn Hutchinson (1903-1991), American ecologist and limnologist
Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895), British scientist and early advocate of natural selection
Alpheus Hyatt (1838-1902), US neo-Lamarckian
Libbie Hyman (1888-1969), zoologist
Josef Hyrtl (1810-1894), Austrian anatomist

I

Hermann von Ihering (1850-1930), German naturalist
Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger (1775-1813), German entomologist
Jan Ingenhousz (1730-1799), Dutch-born British botanist.
Tom Iredale (1880-1972), English conchologist and ornithologist
Paul Erdmann Isert (1756-1789), German botanist

J

François Jacob (born 1920), French biologist, Nobel Prize
Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin (1727-1817), Austrian botanist
William Jardine (1800-1874), Scottish naturalist
Feliks Pawel Jarocki (1790-1865), Polish zoologist
Daniel H. Janzen (born 1939), American entomologist and ecologist
Thomas C. Jerdon (1811-1872), British zoologist and botanist
Wilhelm Johannsen (1857-1927), (coined the term gene)
David Starr Jordan (1851-1931), ichthyologist, 1st president of Stanford
Adrien-Henri de Jussieu (1797-1853), French botanist
Antoine de Jussieu (1686-1758), French naturalist
Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (1748-1836), botanist, biologist (botanical abbr.: Juss.)
Bernard de Jussieu (1699-1777), French naturalist
Ernest Everett Just (1883-1941), American biologist

K

Zbigniew Kabata (born 1924), Polish parasitologist
Pehr Kalm (1716-1779), Swedish botanist
Motoderu Kamo cultivated kimjongilia
Eric R. Kandel (born 1929), Austrian-born American neuroscientist. Winner of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the neural correlates of memory
Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten (1817-1908), German botanist
Stuart Kauffman (born 1939), biologist widely known for his promotion of self-organization as a factor in producing the complexity of biological systems and organisms
Johann Jakob Kaup (1803-1873), German naturalist
Janet Kear (1933-2004), English ornithologist
Anton Kerner von Marilaun (1831-1898), Austrian botanist
Robert Kerr (1755-1813), published The Animal Kingdom in 1792
Warwick Estevam Kerr (born 1922), Brazilian geneticist, specialist in bee genetics, introducer of African bees in Brazil
Motoo Kimura (1924-1994), Japanese mathematical biologist, working in the field of theoretical population genetics
Norman Boyd Kinnear (1882-1957), Scottish zoologist
William Kirby (1759-1850), English entomologist
Heinrich von Kittlitz (1799-1874), German naturalist
Karl Koch (1809-1879), German botanist
Robert Koch (1843-1910), German Nobel Prize-winning physician and bacteriologist
Emil Theodor Kocher (1841-1917), German physician, winner of the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland"
Fritz Köberle (1910-1983), Austrian-Brazilian physician and pathologist, student of Chagas disease
Alexander Koenig (1858-1940), German naturalist
Albert von Kolliker (1817-1905), Swiss physiologist
Charles Konig (1774-1851), German naturalist
Arthur Kornberg (born 1918), discovered DNA polymerase
Albrecht Kossel (1853-1927), German physician and winner of the 1910 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research in cell biology
Hans Adolf Krebs (1900-1981), German biochemist and winner of the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration
Gerard Krefft (1830-1881), German-born Australian zoologist and palaeontologist
Moacyr Krieger (1930-), Brazilian physician and physiologist
Schack August Steenberg Krogh (1874-1949), Danish physiologist, winner of the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of the mechanism of regulation of the capillaries in skeletal muscle
Heinrich Kuhl (1797-1821), German zoologist

L

Henri Laborit (1914-1995), French surgeon and physiologist
Bernard Germain Étienne de la Ville, Comte de Lacépède (1756-1825), French naturalist
David Lack (1910-1973), British ornithologist
Frédéric de Lafresnaye (1783-1861), French ornithologist
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829), French evolutionist, coined many terms like biology and fossils
Aylmer Bourke Lambert (1761-1842), British botanist
Hugh Lamprey (1928-1996), British ecologist
Kai Larsen (born 1926) Danish botanist
John Latham (1740-1837), English naturalist
Pierre André Latreille (1762-1833), French entomologist
Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (1845-1922), French physician, winner of the 1907 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that the cause of malaria is a protozoa
George Newbold Lawrence (1806-1855), American ornithologist
William Elford Leach (1790-1836) English zoologist and marine biologist
Louis Leakey (1903-1972), British archaeologist
Joseph Le Conte (1823-1901), physiologist
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723), developer of the microscope
François Leguat (1637? - 1735), French naturalist
Joseph Leidy (1823-1891), US paleontologist
Johann Philipp Achilles Leisler (1771-1813), Dutch naturalist
Juan Lembeye (1816-1889), Spanish naturalist
Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519), known as an artist but also an anatomist. Dissected hundreds of specimens and drew exact copies of them.
Jean Baptiste Leschenault de la Tour (1773-1826), French botanist
Rene Primevere Lesson (1794-1849), French naturalist
Charles Alexandre Lesueur (1778-1846), French naturalist
François Le Vaillant (1753-1824), French ornithologist
Richard Lewontin (born 1929), biologist
Wen-Hsiung Li, molecular evolutionary biologist
Emmanuel Liais (1826-1900), French botanist
Martin Lichtenstein (1780-1867), German zoologist
Aristid Lindenmayer (1925-1989), Hungarian biologist
John Lindley (1799-1865) English botanist
Heinrich Friedrich Link (1767-1850), German botanist (abbr. in botany : Link)
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778), father of the binomial name
Jacques Loeb (1859-1924), German-American biologist
Friedrich Loeffler (1852-1915), German biologist
Konrad Lorenz (1903-1989), Austrian founder of ethology
Harri Lorenzi (born 1949), Brazilian botanist
John Claudius Loudon (1783-1843), English botanist
James Lovelock (born 1919), English chemist and father of the gaia hypothesis
Anatole Stephan Loukashkin (1902-1988), biologist
Percy Lowe (1870-1948), English ornithologist
Peter Wilhelm Lund (1801 - 1880), Danish zoologist and paleontologist
Salvador Luria (1912-1991), microbiologist, Nobel prize winner
Adolfo Lutz (1855-1940), Brazilian infectologist, pathologist and public health researcher
André Lwoff (1902-1994), French microbiologist, winner of the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Richard Lydekker (1849-1915), English naturalist
Trofim Lysenko (1898-1976), Soviet biologist and agronomist. In 1948 he officially denounced genetics. See Lysenkoism.

M

Ma-Mi

Jules François Mabille (1831-1904), French malacologist
John Macadam (1827-1865), Scottish-born Australian botanist
William MacGillivray (1796-1852), Scottish naturalist
Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694), Italian anatomist and biologist
Ramon Margalef (1919-2004), Spanish-catalan biologist and ecologist
Lynn Margulis (born 1938), American microbiologist
Alberto della Marmora (1789-1863), Italian naturalist
Othniel Charles Marsh (1831-1899), paleontology
Barry Marshall (born 1951), Australian physician and microbiologist, winner of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that most stomach ulcers are caused by a strain of bacteria
Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius (1794-1868), German botanist
John Martyn (1699-1768), English botanist
Francis Masson (1741-1805?), Scottish botanist
Gregory Mathews (1876-1949), Australian ornithologist
Paul Matschie (1861-1926), German zoologist
William Diller Matthew (1871-1930), American paleontologist
Polly Matzinger, American Immunologist
Carl Maximowicz (1827-1891), Russian botanist
Harold Maxwell-Lefroy (1877-1925), English entomologist
Ernst Mayr (1904-2005), evolutionary biologist
Robert May (born 1936), biologist, physisist, mathematician, President of Royal Society of London 2000-2005
Barbara McClintock (1902-1992), American biologist
Bruce McConnell (born 1933) American Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics
James V. McConnell (1925-1990), American biological psychologist
Edmund Meade-Waldo (1855-1934), English ornithologist
Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (1845-1916), Russian microbiologist, best known for his work on the immune system and phagocytosis, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1908
Johann Wilhelm Meigen (1764-1845), German entomologist
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884), Czech-Austrian monk who is often called the "father of genetics" for his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants
Edouard Menetries (1802-1861), French entomologist
Maud Leonora Menten, biologist
Archibald Menzies (1754-1852), Scottish naturalist
Clinton Hart Merriam (1855-1942), American zoologist and ornithologist
John C. Merriam (1869-1945), American biologist
Franz Meyen (1804-1840), German botanist
Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee (1901-1984), American ornithologist
Otto Fritz Meyerhof (1884-1951), German/American physician and biochemist, winner of the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on muscles
August Karl Arnold Michaelis (1847-1916), German chemist
Leonor Michaelis (1875-1949), German biologist
André Michaux (1746-1802), French botanist
Aleksandr Fyodorovich Middendorf (1815-1894), Russian zoologist
Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai (1846-1888), Russian marine biologist and anthropologist
Gerrit Smith Miller, Jr. (1869-1956), American zoologist.
Jacques Miller (born 1931), Australian immunologist.
John Frederick Miller (1759-1796), English illustrator (primarily of botany)
Philip Miller (1691-1771), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany : Mill.)
Alphonse Milne-Edwards (1835-1900), French zoologist
Henri Milne-Edwards (1800-1885), French zoologist
George Jackson Mivart (1827-1900), English biologist

Mo-Mu

Hugo von Mohl (1805-1872), German botanist
Paul Möhring (1710-1792) German naturalist
Juan Ignacio Molina (1740-1829), Chilean naturalist
Jacques Monod (1910-1976) geneticist
George Montagu (1753-1815), English naturalist
Luc Montagnier (born 1932), French discoverer of HIV
Rita Levi-Montalcini (born 1909), Italian-American neurologist who received the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her co-discovery of growth factors.
George Thomas Moore (1871-1956) US botanist
Alfred Moquin-Tandon (1804-1863), French naturalist
Thomas Hunt Morgan (1868-1945), American geneticist. He worked on the natural history, zoology, and macromutation in the fruit fly Drosophila.
Desmond Morris (born 1928), British zoologist and biologist
Roger Morse (1927-2000), professor, researcher, author, on bees/beekeeping
Guy Mountfort (1905-2003), English ornithologist
Ferdinand von Mueller (1825-1896), German-Australian botanist
John Muir (1838-1914), US naturalist
Otto Friedrich Müller (1730-1784), Danish naturalist (abbr. in botany : O.F.Müll.)
Fritz Müller (1821-1897), German-Brazilian naturalist (abbr. in botany : F.J.Müll.)
Hermann Müller (Thurgau) (1850-1927) Swiss botanist and oenologist
Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller (1725-1776), German zoologist
Salomon Muller (1804-1864), Dutch naturalist
Kary Mullis (born 1944), biologist
John Murray (1841-1914) Scots-Canadian Marine Biologist
Otto von Münchhausen (1716-1774), German botanist

N

Gary Paul Nabhan (born 1952), co-author of Forgotten Pollinators
Karl Wilhelm von Nageli (1817-1891), Swiss botanist
Johann Friedrich Naumann (1780-1857), German founder of scientific ornithology
John Needham (1713-1781), English naturalist
Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (1776-1858), German botanist and zoologist
Masatoshi Nei, American evolutionary biologist and molecular Population Geneticist
Randolph M. Nesse (born 1945), American evolutionary biologist and psychiatrist
Charles F. Newcombe (1851-1924), British botanist
Alfred Newton (1829-1907), English zoologist
Margaret Morse Nice (1883-1974), American ornithologist
Henry Alleyne Nicholson (1844-1899), British zoologist
Alfred John North (1855-1917), Australian ornithologist
Thomas Nuttall (1786-1858), English botanist and zoologist

O

Eugene P. Odum (1913-2002), American ecologist
Howard T. Odum (1924-2002), American ecologist
Anders Sandoe Oersted (1816-1872), Danish botanist (bot abbr.: Oerst.)
William Ogilby (1808-1873), Irish naturalist
William Robert Ogilvie-Grant (1863-1924), Scottish ornithologist
Tomoko Ohta, Japanese molecular evolutionary biologist
Lorenz Oken (1779-1851), German naturalist
Giuseppe Olivi (1769 - 1795), Italian naturalist
Aleksandr Oparin (1894-1980), Russian biologist and biochemist, best known for his work on the origin of life
George Ord (1781-1866), American ornithologist
Eleanor Anne Ormerod (1828-1901), English entomologist
Henry Fairfield Osborn (1857-1935), eugenicist, AMNH curator
Emile Oustalet (1844-1905), French zoologist
Richard Owen (1804-1892), biologist

P

George Emil Palade (born 1912), Romanian-American biologist, discoverer of ribosomes, Nobel Prize
Peter Simon Pallas (1741-1811), Russian zoologist
Edward Palmer (1829-1911), British botanist
Josif Pancic (1814-1888), Serbian botanist
Paracelsus (1493-1541), German alchemist
William Paterson (1755-1810), British botanist and explorer
Robert Patterson (1802-1872) Irish naturalist
Daniel Pauly, biologist
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), Russian physiologist, psychologist and physician, discovered Conditioning, won the Nobel Prize for his research on the digestive system
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), French biochemist
Titian Peale (1799-1885), American naturalist
Donald C. Peattie (1898-1964), US botanist
Jean-Marie Pelt (born 1933), French botanist
Henri Perrier de la Bâthie (1873-1958), French botanist
Christian Hendrik Persoon (1761-1836), biologist
Paul Petard (1912-1980), French botanist
Wilhelm Peters (1815-1883), German naturalist
Rodolfo Amando Philippi (1808-1904), German-Chilean zoologist
Constantine John Phipps (1744-1792), English explorer
Octavius Pickard-Cambridge (1828-1917), English entomologist
Charles Pickering (1805-1878), American naturalist
Gregory Goodwin Pincus (1903-1967), American biologist and co-inventor of the contraceptive pill
Reginald Innes Pocock (1863-1947), British taxonomist (mammals and arachnids)
Felipe Poey (1799-1891), Cuban zoologist
Joel Roberts Poinsett (1779-1851), US botanist
Thomas Littleton Powys, 4th Baron Lilford (1833-1896), English ornithologist
Jan Evangelista Purkyně (1787-1869), Czech anatomist and physiologist
Karel Presl (1794-1852), Bohemian botanist
Nikolai Przhevalsky (1839-1888), Russian explorer
Alice Pruvot-Fol (1873-1972), French malacologist
Frederick Traugott Pursh (1774-1820), German-American botanist
Paul Émile de Puydt (1810-1888) Belgian botanist
Andrew Paulukiewichz (born 1958) Modern Polish biologist

Q

Jean René Constant Quoy (1790-1869), French zoologist

R

Gustav Radde (1831-1903), German naturalist
Thomas Stamford Raffles (1781-1826), British founder/first president of the Zoological Society of London
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (1783-1840), French zoologist who described many North American species
Edward Pierson Ramsay (1842-1916), Australian ornithologist
Austin L. Rand (1905-1982), Canadian zoologist
John Ray (1627-1705), English naturalist
Francesco Redi (1626-1697), Italian physician known for his experiment in 1668 which is regarded as a one of the first steps in refuting abiogenesis.
Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach (1823-1889), German orchidologist (abbr. in botany : Rchb. f.)
Ludwig Reichenbach (1793-1879), German botanist and ornithologist (abbr. in botany : Rchb.)
Anton Reichenow (1847-1941), German ornithologist
Bernhard Rensch (1900–1990), German biologist
Louis Claude Richard (1754-1821), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Rich.)
John Richardson (1787-1865), Scottish naturalist (abbr. in botany : Richardson)
Charles Robert Richet (1850-1935), French physiologist, winner of the 1913 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of anaphylaxis
Charles Wallace Richmond (1868-1932), American ornithologist
Robert Ridgway (1850-1929), American ornithologist
Henry Nicholas Ridley (1855-1956), British botanist (abbr. in botany : Ridl.)
Maurício Rocha e Silva (1910-1983), Brazilian physician and pharmacologist, codiscoverer of bradykinin
Martin Rodbell (1925-1998), biologist
Austin Roberts (1883-1948), South African zoologist
Harold E. Robinson (born 1932), American botanist and entomologist
George Romanes (1848-1894), Canadian naturalist, founded the discipline of comparative psychology
Alfred Romer (1894-1973), specialist in vertebrate paleontology
Robert Rosen (1934-1998), theoretical biologist
Harald Rosenthal (born 1937) German hydrobiologist known for his work in fish farming and ecology
Miriam Rothschild (1908-2005), British entomologist
Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild (1868-1937), British zoologist
William Roxburgh (1759-1815), Scottish botanist
Karl Rudolphi (1771-1832), German physiologist
Eduard Rüppell (1794-1884), German naturalist
Suresh Rattan (born 1955) Biogerontologist

S

Sa-So

Joseph Sabine (1770-1837), English naturalist
Julius von Sachs (1832-1897), German botanist
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1772-1844), French naturalist
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1805-1861), French zoologist
Edward James Salisbury (1886-1978), British botanist
Richard Anthony Salisbury (1761-1829), British botanist
Robert Sapolsky (born 1957), American neuroscientist
Georg Sars (1837-1927), Norwegian marine biologist
Michael Sars (1809-1869), Norwegian taxonomist
William Saunders (1822-1900), American botanist
Horace-Bénédict de Saussure (1740-1799), Swiss naturalist
Marie Jules César Savigny (1777-1851), French zoologist
Thomas Say (1787-1843), American naturalist
George Schaller (born 1933), American zoologist, widely considered the preeminent field biologist of the 20th century
Charles Schuchert (1858-1942), paleontology
Theodor Schwann (1810-1882), German physiologist
Friedrich Schlechter (1872-1925), German botanist
Hermann Schlegel (1804-1884), German ornithologist
Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1804-1881), German co-founder of the cell theory
George Schoener (1864-1941), German-American botanist
Johann David Schoepf (1752-1800), German botanist and zoologist
Heinrich Wilhelm Schott (1794-1865), German botanist
Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber (1739-1810), German naturalist
Leopold von Schrenck (1826-1894), Russo-German zoologist
Georg August Schweinfurth (1836-1925), German botanist
Philip Sclater (1829-1913), English zoologist
Giovanni Antonio Scopoli (1723-1788), Italian-Austrian naturalist
Henry Seebohm (1832-1895), English ornithologist
Prideaux John Selby (1788-1867), English botanist and ornithologist
Nikolai Alekseevich Severtzov (1827-1885), Russian naturalist
Richard Bowdler Sharpe (1847-1909), English zoologist
George Shaw (1751-1813), English botanist and zoologist
Rupert Sheldrake (born 1942), biologist
George Ernest Shelley (1840-1910), English ornithologist
Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (1857-1922), British physiologist and neuroscientist, winner of the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on neurons
Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796-1866), German botanist
George Gaylord Simpson (1902-1984), American paleontologist
Rolf Singer (1906-1994), German born mycologist
John Kunkel Small (1869-1938), American botanist (abbr. in botany : Small)
Andrew Smith (1797-1872), Scottish zoologist
Frederick Smith (1805 - 1879), British entomologist
James Edward Smith (1759-1828), English botanist (abbr. in bot. : Sm.)
Johannes Jacobus Smith (1867-1947), Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany : J.J.Sm.)
John Maynard Smith (1920-2004), biologist
Solomon H. Snyder (born 1938), American neuroscientist, co-discovered endorphins
Daniel Solander (1733-1782), Swedish botanist
Louis François Auguste Souleyet (1811-1852), French zoologist

Sp-Sy

Douglas Spalding (c1840-1877), English biologist, discovered imprinting and conducted some of the earliest research on animal behavior
Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729-1799), Italian biologist
Anders Sparrman (1748-1820), Swedish naturalist
Walter Baldwin Spencer (1860-1929), English biologist and anthropologist
Roger W. Sperry (1913-1994), American neuropsychologist, winner of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his split-brain research
Maximilian Spinola (1780-1857) - entomologist
Johann Baptist von Spix (1781-1826), German naturalist
Herman Spoering (1733-1771), Finnish botanist
Kurt Sprengel (1766-1833), German botanist
Richard Spruce (1817-1893), English botanist
Agustin Stahl (1842-1917), Puerto Rican zoologist and botanist
Edward Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby (1775-1851), English naturalist
Japetus Steenstrup (1813-1897), Danish zoologist
Leonhard Hess Stejneger (1851-1943), Norwegian zoologist
Georg Wilhelm Steller (1709-1746), Russian ornithologist
James Francis Stephens (1792-1853), English zoologist
Kaspar Maria von Sternberg (1761-1838), Bohemian botanist
Karl Stetter (born 1941), German microbiologist
Nettie Maria Stevens (1861-1912), American biologist
Gottlieb Conrad Christian Storr (1749-1821), German naturalist
Eduard Strasburger (1844-1912), German botanist (abbr. in botany : Strasb.)
Erwin Stresemann (1889-1972), German ornithologist
John Struthers (1823-1899) Scottish anatomist
Carl Jakob Sundevall (1801-1875), Swedish zoologist
Mriganka Sur (born 1953), Indian cognitive neuroscientist specializing in neuroplasticity
William Swainson (1789-1855), English ornithologist
Jan Swammerdam (1637-1680), entomologist, microscopist
Robert Swinhoe (1836-1877), English naturalist
Colonel W. H. Sykes (1790-1872), English ornithologist

T

Wladyslaw Taczanowski (1819- 1890), Polish zoologist
Armen Takhtajan (born 1910), Russian botanist
Coenraad Jacob Temminck (1778-1858), Dutch zoologist
Peter Gustaf Tengmalm (1754-1803), Swedish naturalist
Theophrastus (372 BC-287 BC), biologist and the successor of Aristotle in the Peripatetic school, a great popularizer of science
Johannes Thiele (1860-1935), German zoologist and malacologist
Michael Rogers Oldfield Thomas (1858-1929), British zoologist
William Thompson Irish ornithologist and naturalist
Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars (1758-1831) French botanist
Carl Peter Thunberg (1743-1828), Swedish naturalist
Samuel Tickell (1811-1875), British ornithologist
Niko Tinbergen (1907-1988), Dutch ethologist
Agostino Todaro (1818-1892), Italian botanist
Susumu Tonegawa (born 1939), Japanese biologist, winner of the 1987 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for ""his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity."
John Torrey (1796-1873), US botanist, first professional in New World
Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656-1708), French botanist
John Kirk Townsend (1809-1851), American ornithologist
Thomas Stewart Traill (1781-1862), Scottish doctor and naturalist
Abraham Trembley (1710-1784), Swiss naturalist
Henry Baker Tristram (1822-1906), English ornithologist
Robert Trivers (born 1943), evolutionary biologist
Édouard Louis Trouessart (1842-1927), French naturalist
Frederick W. True (1858-1914), US naturalist
Bernard Tucker (1901-1950), English ornithologist
Edward Tuckerman (1817-1886), US botanist
Endel Tulving (born 1927), Estonian-born Canadian neuroscientist, specializes in episodic memory
Marmaduke Tunstall (1743-1790) English ornithologist
Ruth Turner (1915-2000), marine biologist

U

Jakob von Uexküll (1864-1944), Estonian biologist, founder of biosemiotics

V

Martin Vahl (1749-1804), Norwegian botanist
Sebastien Vaillant (1669-1722), French botanist
Achille Valenciennes (1794-1865), French zoologist
Francisco Varela (1946-2001) Chilean biologist
Nikolai Vavilov (1887-1943), Soviet botanist and geneticist, died in prison as a defender of "bourgeois pseudoscience" genetics against Lysenkoism
Craig Venter (born 1946), American biologist and businessman
Edouard Verreaux (1810-1868), French naturalist
Jules Verreaux (1807-1873) French botanist and ornithologist
Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot (1748-1831), French ornithologist
Nicholas Aylward Vigors (1785-1840), Irish zoologist
Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902), German biologist and pathologist, founder of cell theory
Vital Brazil (1865-1950), Brazilian physician and immunobiologist, discoverer of several antivenoms againt snake, scorpion and spider bites
Karel Voous (1920-2002), Dutch ornithologist
D M Vasudevan (1942-), Indian physician, immunologist and educationist

W

Coslett Herbert Waddell (1858-1919), Irish botanist
Johann Georg Wagler (1800-1832), German herpetologist
Warren H. Wagner (1920-2000), US botanist
Göran Wahlenberg (1780-1851), Swedish naturalist
Barry Wakeman (1939-2004), American naturalist
Selman Waksman (1888-1973), American biochemist, winner of the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on antibiotics
Charles Athanase Walckenaer (1771-1852), French entomologist
George Wald (1906-1997), American biologist, winner of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on vision
Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913), British naturalist and biologist
Nathaniel Wallich (1786-1854), Danish botanist
Benjamin Dann Walsh (1808-1869), American entomologist
William Grey Walter (1910-1977), American neurophysiologist and roboticist, made a number of important discoveries in the field of electroencephalography
Deepal Warakagoda (born 1965), Sri Lankan ornithologist
J. Robin Warren (born 1937), Australian pathologist, winner of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that most stomach ulcers are caused by a strain of bacteria
Charles Waterton (1782-1865), English naturalist
James D. Watson (born 1928), Nobel Prize-winning biologist, co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule
Philip Barker Webb (1793-1854), English botanist (abbr. in botany : Webb)
Hugh Algernon Weddell (1819-1877), English botanist (abbr. in botany : Wedd.)
August Weismann (1834-1914), German biologist
Friedrich Welwitsch (1806-1872), Austrian botanist
Karl Wernicke (1848-1905), German physician and neuroanatomist, discovered Wernicke's area
Alexander Wetmore (1886-1978), American ornithologist
William Morton Wheeler (1865-1937), American entomologist and myrmecologist
Gilbert White (1720-1795), English naturalist
John White (c. 1756-1832) English botanist
Prince Alexander Philipp Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied (1782-1867), German explorer & biologist.
Hans Wiehler (1930-2003) American botanist (bot. abbr.: Wiehler)
Torsten Wiesel (born 1924), Swedish-born American neurobiologist, winner of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on information processing in the visual system
Charles Wilkes (1798-1877), American explorer and naturalist
Carl Ludwig Willdenow (1765-1812), German botanist and pharmacist (abbr. in botany: Willd.)
George C. Williams (born 1926), American evolutionary biologist, credited with introducing the gene-centric view of evolution
Francis Willughby (1635-1672), English ornithologist & ichthyologist
Alexander Wilson (1766-1813), Scottish-American ornithologist
E. A. Wilson (1872-1912), English naturalist
Edward O. Wilson (born 1929), American entomologist and father of sociobiology, two time winner of the Pulitzer Prize
Caspar Wistar (1761-1818), American anatomist and physician. The genus Wisteria is named after him
Henry Witherby (1873-1943), British ornithologist
William Withering (1741-1799), English botanist
Carl Woese (born 1928), American microbiologist, identified the Archaea, a major division of organisms
Sewall Wright (1889-1988), American geneticist, co-founder of population genetics
Vero Copner Wynne-Edwards (1906-1997), Scottish zoologist, introduced the hypothesis of group selection in evolution
Charles Wyville Thompson (1832-1882) Scottish marine biologist

X

John Xantus de Vesey (1825-1894), American zoologist

Y

William Yarrell (1784-1856), English naturalist

Z

Floyd Zaiger (born 1926), fruit genetics
Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann (1743-1815), German zoologist
Karl Alfred von Zittel (1839-1904), German palaeontologist
Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini (1797-1848), German botanist

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