List of cancer clusters

Encyclopedia : L : LI : LIS : List of cancer clusters

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This is an [Incomplete listsincomplete list], which may never be able to satisfy certain standards for completeness. Revisions and additions are welcome.

This is a list of cancer clusters. It should be noted that a cancer cluster is a statistical event, which may or may not have a cause other than chance. There are other cancer clusters that occur without any obvious source of carcinogens.

North America
Date	Disease	Location	Number	Source	Refs
1917-1927	Osteosarcoma	New Jersey, Connecticut, Illinois	86	Radium	2
1938-1971	Adenocarcinoma	U.S.A.	750	diethylstilbestrol	4
1963-1999	Lung cancer, Mesothelioma	Libby, Montana	56	vermiculite
1967-1973	Liver angiosarcoma (Hemangiosarcoma)	Louisville, Kentucky	4	vinyl chloride monomer
1968-1995	Leukemia, Lymphoma	Camp Lejeune, North Carolina	103	trichloroethylene 1,2-dichloroethylene tetrachloroethylene methylene chloride vinyl chloride
1973-1982	Brain, CNS cancer	Cooke County, Texas	16-29	Unknown
1979-1996	Brain, CNS cancer	Toms River, New Jersey	90+	SAN trimer styrene acrylonitrile	10 11
1981-1986	Leukemia	Woburn, Massachusetts	21	Chloroform Tetrachloroethylene Trichloroethylene 1,2-Dichloroethene Arsenic	13
1982-1984	Testicular cancer	Fulton County, New York	3	dimethylformamide (DMF) 2-ethoxyethanol 2-ethoxyethyl acetate 2-butoxyethanol
1987-1999	Brain cancer, Leukemia, Lymphoma	Wilmington, Massachusetts	20	Unknown N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)	16 17
1997-2002	Leukemia, rhabdomyosarcoma	Fallon, Nevada	17	Unknown Tungsten Arsenic Chlorpyrifos DDE Benzene in jet fuel	19 20 21

Europe
Date	Disease	Location	Number	Source	Refs
1968-1995	Leukemia	Seascale, Sellafield, England	9	Unsure studies indicate a correlation with paternal preconceptional irradiation (PPI)	23
1978-1993	Leukemia	La Hague, Normandy, France	27	Unknown (speculated to be tritium)	25
1990-2005	Leukemia	Krümmel (Kruemmel), Elbmarsch, Germany	16	Unknown (speculated to be actinide, especially Plutonium241 of unknown origin that was found in the area or tritium from a nearby nuclear power plant)	27

Notes

• Note 1: Grady, Denise (Oct. 8, 1998). [A Glow in the Dark, and a Lesson in Scientific Peril]. The New York Times.
• Note 2: Thun, Michael J. Sinks, Thomas.(2004). What is a Cancer Cluster? [CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians] 54 (5), 273–280.
• Note 3: Jones, Lovell A. Hajek, Richard A. (1995). Effects of Estrogenic Chemicals on Development. [Environmental Health Perspectives] 103 (7), 63–67.
• Note 4: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2005). [Role of DES Cohort Studies]. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005.
• Note 5: McDonald, JC. Harris, J. Armstrong, B. (2004). [Occupational and Environmental Medicine] 61 (4), 363–366.
• Note 6: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. (Feb. 7, 1997). [Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Angiosarcoma of the Liver Among Polyvinyl Chloride Workers -- Kentucky.] 46 (5), 97–101.
• Note 7: US Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). (Jul. 2003). [Survey of Childhood Cancers and Birth Defects at USMC Camp Lejeune]. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005
• Note 8: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. (August 24, 1984). [Brain Cancer -- Texas] 33 (33), 477–479.
• Note 9: US Environmental Protection Agency. (December 14th, 2004). [CIBA-GEIGY CORP]. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005
• Note 10: New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, Hazardous Site Health Evaluation Program, Division of Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health, & US Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). (Sep. 1997). [Childhood Cancer Incidence Health Consultation: A Review and Analysis of Cancer Registry Data, 1979-1995 for Dover Township (Ocean County), New Jersey]
• Note 11: NJDHSS, ATSDR. (Dec. 2001). Case-control Study of Childhood Cancers in Dover Township (Ocean County), New Jersey. [Volume 1: Summary of the Final Technical Report PDF 134KB]. See also: [Dover Township Childhood Cancer Investigation]. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005.
• Note 12: Massachusetts Department of Public Health and Bureau of Environmental Health Assessment. (1997). [BEHA Reports - Woburn, Massachusetts]. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005.
• Note 13: . Costas, K. Knorr, RS. Condon, SK. (Dec. 2, 2002). A case–control study of childhood leukemia in Woburn, Massachusetts: the relationship between leukemia incidence and exposure to public drinking water. [Science of The Total Environment] 300 (1-3), 23–35.
• Note 14: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. (Feb. 24, 1989). [Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Testicular Cancer in Leather Workers -- Fulton County, New York]'' 38 (7), 105–106, 111–114.
• Note 15: Massachusetts Department of Public Health. (2002). Wilmington Childhood Cancer Study. [Bureau of Environmental Health Assessment]. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005.
• Note 16: Massachusetts Department of Public Health. (Aug. 2000). Letter to the Wilmington Board of Health. [Evaluation of Cancer Incidence data for the Town of Wilmington, Massachusetts 1987-1995]. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005.
• Note 17: Lowell Center for Sustainable Production, University of Massachusetts Lowell. (2003). [Toxic chemicals and childhood cancer: A review of the evidence]. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005.
• Note 18: National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2004). [Cancer Clusters - Churchill County (Fallon), Nevada Exposure Assessment]. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005.
• Note 19: Steinmaus, C. Lu, M. Todd, RL. Smith, AH. (2004). Probability Estimates for the Unique Childhood Leukemia Cluster in Fallon, Nevada, and Risks Near Other U.S. Military Aviation Facilities. [Environmental Health Perspectives] 112 (6), 766–771 .
• Note 20: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). [Nevada]. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005.
• Note 21: Mullen Jr., Frank. (Feb. 27, 2005) [Scientists zero in on tungsten as Fallon cancer cause]. Reno Gazette-Journal.
• Note 22: Gardner, MJ. (1991). Father's occupational exposure to radiation and the raised level of childhood leukemia near the Sellafield nuclear plant. [Environmental Health Perspectives] 94, 5–7.
• Note 23: Dickinson, H. Parker, L. (2002). Leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in children of male Sellafield radiation workers. [International Journal of Cancer] 99 (3), 437–444.
• Note 24: Pobel, D. Viel, JF. (1997). Case-control study of leukaemia among young people near La Hague nuclear reprocessing plant: the environmental hypothesis revisited. [British Medical Journal] 314 (101).
• Note 25: Seth, A. (1997) Leukemia Clusters Near La Hague and Sellafield. [Institute for Energy and Environmental Research] (4). Retrieved Jan. 31, 2005.
• Note 26: Hoffmann, W. Schmitz-Feuerhake, I. Dieckmann, Hayo (1997). A cluster of childhood leukemia near a nuclear reactor in Northern Germany. Archives Environ. Health 52 (1997) 275-280.
• Note 27: Brüske-Hohlfeld, I. et al. A cluster of childhood leukemias near two neighbouring nuclear installations in Northern Germany: prevalence of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 77 (2001) 111-116.

 

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