List of early flying machines
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This is a listing of early flying machines.
Claims regarding early flying machines vary in countries, books and encyclopedias. They all use different criteria when considering, among others, the validity of a claim, and the meaning of the phrase flying machine. These and other controversial issues are discussed in first flying machine.
In this list, various advancements are presented, including actual flying machines, prototypes, models, designs or important pieces of literature. But note that some of this information is disputed by some sources.
Literature or designs only
| Inventor | Accomplishment | Year |
| Roger Bacon | Secrets of Art and Nature: ornithopter design | c. 1250 |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Ornithopter design and literature | c. 1490 |
| Emanuel Swedenborg | Flying Machine design and literature | 1714 |
| Sir George Cayley | The Forces of Flight: technical literature | 1799 |
| Le Comte Ferdinand Charles Honore Phillipe d'Esterno | On The Flight Of Birds (Du Vol des Oiseaux): technical literature | 1864 |
| Louis Pierre Mouillard | The Empire Of The Air (L'Empire de L'Air): literature | 1865 |
| Horatio Frederick Phillips | Sustainer design, literature | 1884 - 1907 |
| James Means | The Problem of Manflight, Aeronautical Annual literature | 1894 - 1897 |
| Martin Wiberg | Patent for design of "Luftmaskin": liquid fuel rocket powered machine | 1903 |
More than design or literature
| Inventor | Accomplishment | Year |
| 'Abbas Ibn Firnas | Single flight of manned glider-wings | 875 |
| Eilmer of Malmesbury | Also a single flight of manned glider-wings | 1010 |
| Unknown Chinese | Manned kites are common. Reported by Marco Polo | 1290 |
| William Samuel Henson | Aerial Steam Carriage | 1842 |
| John Stringfellow | Stringfellow Machines | 1848, 1868 |
| Henri Giffard | Dirigible, hydrogen balloon powered by steam engine | 1852 |
| Sir George Cayley | Cayley Glider, flight of manned glider | 1853 |
| Rufus Porter | New York to California Aerial Transport | 1849 |
| Jean Marie Le Bris | Artificial Albatross | 1857, 1867 |
| Félix du Temple de la Croix | Temple Steam Powered Monoplane prototype | 1857 - 1877 |
| James William Butler and Edmund Edwards | Steam-Jet Dart | 1865 |
| Francis Herbert Wenham | Wenham's Aerial Locomotion | 1866 |
| Jan Wnek | Loty glider, many flights | 1866 |
| Frederick Marriott | Marriott flying machines | 1869 |
| Alphonse Penaud | Planophore, Penaud Toy Helicopter | 1871 |
| Thomas Moy | Moy Aerial Steamer, | 1875 |
| Thomas Moy | The Military Kite | 1879 |
| Charles F. Ritchel | Ritchel Hand-powered Airship | 1878 |
| Victor Tatin | Tatin flying machines | 1879 |
| Massia and Biot | Massia-Biot Glider | 1879? 1887? |
| Alexandre Goupil | Goupi Monoplane, La Locomotion Aerienne | 1883 |
| John J. Montgomery | Montgomery Monoplane and Tandem-Wing Gliders | 1883 - 1911 |
| Aleksandr Fyodorovich Mozhaiski | Mozhaiski Monoplane | 1884 |
| Pichancourt | Mechanical Birds | 1889 |
| Lawrence Hargrave | Hargave flying machines and Box kites | 1889 - 1893 |
| Clement Ader | Ader Bat, very low manned flight | 1890 - 1897 |
| Chuhachi Ninomiya | Karasu model, Tamamushi model | 1891 ,1895 |
| Otto Lilienthal | Derwitzer Gliders, many flights | 1891 |
| Horatio Phillips | Phillips Flying Machine | 1893, 1906 |
| Hiram Stevens Maxim | Maxim Biplane | 1894 |
| Pablo Suarez | Suarez Glider | 1895 |
| Percy Sinclair Pilcher | Pilcher Hawk | 1896 |
| Octave Chanute and Augustus Herring | Chanute and Herring Gliding Machines | 1896 |
| William Paul Butusov | Albatross Soaring Machine | 1896 |
| William Frost | Frost Airship Glider | 1896 |
| Samuel Pierpont Langley | Langley Aerodromes | 1896 - 1903 |
| Carl Rickard Nyberg | Flugan, very short manned flight | 1897 |
| Edson F. Gallaudet | Gallaudet Wing Warping Kite | 1898 |
| Lyman Gilmore | Gilmore Monoplane | 1898 |
| Wilhelm Kress | Kress Waterborne Aeroplane | 1901 |
| Gustave Whitehead | Manned, powered, controlled aeroplane, 800m flight | 1901 |
| Richard William Pearse | Pearse Monoplane | 1903 |
| Karl Jatho | Jatho Biplane | 1903 |
| Guido Dinelli | Dinelli Glider, Aereoplano | 1903, 1904 |
| Wright brothers | Wright Flyers, 275m flight | 1903 |
| Ferdinand Ferber and Gabriel Voisin | Archdeacon glider | 1904 |
| Louis Blériot and Gabriel Voisin | Blériot-Voison floatplane glider, biplane | 1905 |
| Traian Vuia | Vuia I, Vuia II monoplanes | 1906 - 1907 |
| Alberto Santos-Dumont | Santos-Dumont14-bis, Demoiselle | 1906 - 1907 |
| Louis Blériot | Blériot V, Blériot XI | 1907, 1909 |
| Glenn H. Curtiss | AEA June Bug | 1908 |
| Aerial Experiment Association (AEA) | Silver Dart | 1909 |
| Aurel Vlaicu | Vlaicu 1909, Vlaicu I, Vlaicu II, Vlaicu III | 1909-1910 |
| Duigan Brothers | Duigan Pusher Biplane | 1910 |
| Henri Coanda | Coanda 1910 Biplane | 1910 |
See also
External links
- [Listing and descriptions of pre-wright flying machines]
- [Analysis of Wright Flyer]
- [Prehistory of Flight]
- [Claims to First Flight]
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