List of historical national capitals

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Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist, the capital was moved, or the capital city was renamed. This is a list of such cities, sorted by country and then by date.

Former capital city Country, empire Since Until Change, reason
Kandahar Afghanistan 1748 1772 moved to Kabul
Vlorë Albania 1912 1920 moved to Tirana
Paraná Argentine Confederation 1853 1861 moved to Buenos Aires
Melbourne Australia 1901 1927 moved to Canberra - interim capital only while Canberra developed
Vienna Holy Roman Empire 1558 1806 became capital in Austrian Empire
Vienna Austrian Empire 1806 1867 became capital in Austro-Hungarian Empire
Vienna Austro-Hungarian Empire 1867 1918 became capital in Republic of Austria
Karlsruhe Baden 1771 1918 Baden became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Karlsruhe remained the capital of the German state of Baden until 1945.
Munich Bavaria 14th century 1918 Bavaria became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Munich remains the capital of the German state of Bavaria.
St. George Bermuda 1612 1815 moved to Hamilton
Salvador da Bahia Brazil 1549 1763 moved to Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro Brazil 1763 1960 moved to Brasília
Belize City British Honduras 1638 1970 moved to Belmopan
Pliska Bulgaria (Old Great Bulgaria 681 893 moved to Preslav
Preslav Bulgaria (First Bulgarian Empire) 893 972 moved to Ohrid
Ohrid Bulgaria (First Bulgarian Empire) 990 1015 Empire ceases to exist after the Byzantine conquest
Veliko Tarnovo Bulgaria (Second Bulgarian Empire) 1185 1396 Empire ceases to exist after the Ottoman conquest
Plovdiv Eastern Rumelia 1878 1885 annexed as part of the Unification of Bulgaria
Kingston Canada 1841 1843 moved to Montreal
Montreal Canada 1843 1849 moved to Toronto
Toronto Canada 1849 1859 moved to Quebec City
Quebec City Canada 1859 1865 moved to Ottawa
Chan Santa Cruz Chan Santa Cruz c.1852 1901 became part of Mexico
Anyang China (Shang Dynasty) c.1600 BC c.1046 BC moved to Chang'an - end of Shang Dynasty
Chang'an China (Zhou Dynasty) c.1046 BC 722 BC moved to Luoyang
Luoyang China (Zhou Dynasty) 772 BC 221 BC moved to Xianyang - fall of Zhou Dynasty
Xinyang China (Qin Dynasty) 221 BC 206 BC moved back to Chang'an - fall of Qin Dynasty
Chang'an China (Han Dynasty) 206 BC 25 moved back to Luoyang
Luoyang China (Han Dynasty) 25 220 fall of the Han Dynasty marking the beginning of the Six Dynasties period
Chang'an China (Tang Dynasty) 618 907 fall of the Tang Dynasty marking the beginning of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
Kaifeng China (Song Dynasty) 960 1127 moved to Hangzhou
Hangzhou China (Song Dynasty) 1127 1279 Kublai Khan integrates China into the Mongol Empire
Nanjing China (Ming Dynasty) 1368 1421 moved to Beijing
Beijing China 1421 1928 moved back to Nanjing
Nanjing China 1928 1937 moved to Chongqing
Chongqing China 1937 1945 moved back to Nanjing
Nanjing China 1945 1949 moved to Beijing - After the proclamation of the People's Republic of China
Montgomery Confederate States of America February 4, 1861 May 29,1861 Moved to Richmond
Richmond Confederate States of America May 29, 1861 April 10,1865 Confederate States Forced to rejoin the United States following the surrender of General Lee's Army of Northern Virginia in Appomattox, Virginia
Léopoldville Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1960 1966 renamed Kinshasa
Cartago Costa Rica 1562 1823 moved to San Jose
Grand Bassam Côte d'Ivoire 1893 1900 moved to Bingerville
Bingerville Côte d'Ivoire 1900 1933 moved to Abidjan
Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire 1933 1983 moved to Yamoussoukro
Santiago de Cuba Cuba 1522 1589 moved (after 1607 in Havana)
Prague Czechoslovakia 1918 1993 became capital in Czech Republic
Roskilde Denmark c.1020 1443 moved to Copenhagen
Winchester Wessex/Kingdom of England 519 1066 moved to London
Åbo Finland, Grand Duchy of 1809 1812 moved to Helsinki
Vaasa Finland January 29, 1918 May 3, 1918 moved by White Guards from Helsinki because of Finnish Civil War
Al-Fustat Egypt 905 969 moved to Cairo (see also: Capital of Egypt)
Levuka Fiji 1874 1877 moved to Suva
Vichy France 1940 1944 capital of Vichy France régime
Berlin German Empire 1871 1945 Separation of Germany to occupation zones for the Allied powers
Otjimbingwe German South-West Africa 1886 1892 moved to Windhoek
East Berlin Germany, East 1949 1990 Berlin, country ceased to exist after re-unification of Germany
Bonn Germany, West 1949 1990 moved to Berlin after re-unification of Germany
Cape Coast Ghana (Gold Coast) 1664 1877 moved to Accra
Granada Granada, Kingdom of 1250 1492 Kingdom ceases to exist after the Reconquista and incorporated into Castile
Nafplion Greece 1821 1836 moved to Athens
Bolama Guinea-Bissau 1879 1941 moved to Bissau
Boe Guinea-Bissau 1973 1974 moved back to Bissau
Lahaina Hawai'i, Kingdom of 1820 1845 moved to Honolulu
Esztergom Hungary 972 (or 973) 1256 moved to Buda for the first time
Pressburg (Pozsony) Hungary 1536 1784 moved back to Buda
Cuzco Inca Empire fl.13th Century c.1533 moved to Lima after the Spanish conquest
Calcutta India (British) 1772 1912 moved to New Delhi
Simla India (British) fl.1850 1947 Summer capital
Persepolis Iran (Persia) c.2500 BC c.316 BC city declined into ruins after fall of the great Macedonian Empire
Tabriz Iran (Safavid Dynasty) 1502 1548 moved to Qazvin
Qazvin Iran (Safavid Dynasty) 1548 1598 moved to Isfahan
Isfahan Iran (Safavid Dynasty) 1598 1750 moved to Shiraz
Shiraz Iran (Zand dynasty) 1750 1794 moved to Tehran
Hill of Tara Ireland (under the High Kings 6th century 12th century Ireland conqured by England
Hebron Israel, Kingdom of c.1007 BC c.1000 BC moved to Jerusalem when the kingdom is reunited under King David
Tel Aviv Israel, State of May 1948 Dec 1948 moved to Jerusalem after 1948 Arab-Israeli War
Torino Italy 1861 1865 moved to Florence
Florence Italy 1865 1871 moved to Rome
Spanish Town Jamaica 1534 1872 moved to Kingston
Heijo-kyo (Nara) Japan (Nara Period) 710 784 moved to Nagaoka-kyo (Nagaoka)
Nagaoka-kyo (Nagaoka) Japan (Nara Period) 784 794 moved to Kyoto
Kyoto Japan 794 1868 moved to Tokyo (see also: Capital of Japan)
Jerusalem Jerusalem, Kingdom of 1099 1187 moved to Acre (Jerusalem captured by Saladin)
Acre Jerusalem, Kingdom of 1187 1291 Kingdom ceases to exist
Njimi Kanem fl. 11th Century c.1396 lost to Bulala invaders (eventually moved to Ngazargamu)
Ngazargamu Kanem-Bornu Empire c.1472 1808 lost to Fulani invaders (eventually moved to Kukawa)
Kukawa Kanem-Bornu Empire 1814 1893 Kingdom ceases to exist
Alma-Ata Kazakhstan 1992 1993 renamed Almaty
Almaty Kazakhstan 1993 1998 moved to Astana
Kaunas Lithuania 1922 1940 moved back to Vilnius
Mdina Malta 1566 capital moved to Valletta
Płock Masovia c.1038 1047 Masovia reincorporated into Poland
Płock Masovia 1138 1313 moved to Czersk
Czersk Masovia 1313 1413 moved to Warsaw
Warsaw Masovia 1413 1526 Masovia reincorporated into Poland
Modena Modena, Duchy of 1452 1860 became part of united Italy
Iaşi Moldavia 1351 1862 unified with Wallachia to form Romania
Cetinje Montenegro 1482 1946 moved to Podgorica
Yangon Myanmar 1948 2005 Military junta claimed that Myanmar will be more centralised compared to Yangon
Bacolod Federal Republic of Negros 1898 1899 absorbed by the Philippines.
St. John's Newfoundland 1855 1949 entered confederation with Canada
Russell New Zealand 1840 1841 moved to Auckland
Auckland New Zealand 1841 1865 moved to Wellington
Lagos Nigeria 1914 1976 moved to Abuja
Trondheim Norway 997 1070 moved to Bergen
Bergen Norway 1070 1299 moved to Oslo
Oslo Norway 1299 1624 renamed Christiania
Christiania Norway 1624 1924 renamed Oslo
Bursa Ottoman empire 1335 1365 moved to Edirne
Edirne Ottoman empire 1365 1453 moved to Istanbul (Constantinople)
Istanbul Ottoman empire 1453 1923 The Ottoman Empire became the Republic of Turkey. The capital moved to Ankara
Karachi Pakistan 1947 1959 moved to Rawalpindi
Rawalpindi Pakistan 1959 1967 moved to Islamabad
Heidelberg Palatinate 14th century 1720 moved to Mannheim
Mannheim Palatinate 1720 1777 Palatinate inherited by the Electors of Bavaria.
Parma Parma, Duchy of 1545 1860 Became part of united Italy.
Cebu City Philippines 1562 (?) 1578 (?) Former capital of the new Spanish colony. Moved to Manila (Formerly Maynilad) after capture.
Malolos Philippines 1898 1899
Manila Philippines 1571 1948 moved to Quezon City upon formation of Commonwealth of the Philippines.
Quezon City Philippines 1948 1976 moved to Manila , Quezon City was absorbed into Metro Manila.
Gniezno Poland 10th century 1038 moved to Krakow
Poznań Poland 10th century 1038 moved to Kraków
Kraków Poland 1038 1079 moved to Płock
Płock Poland 1079 1138 moved to Kraków
Kraków Poland 1138 1290 moved to Poznań
Poznań Poland 1290 1296 moved to Krakow
Kraków Poland 1296 1596 moved to Warsaw
Lublin Poland 1944 1945 de facto capital
Łódź Poland 1945 1947 de facto capital
Guimarães Portugal 1095 1131 moved to Coimbra
Coimbra Portugal 1131 1255 moved to Lisbon
Lisbon Portugal 1255 1808 moved to Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro Portugal 1808 1821 moved to Lisbon
Moscow Russia (Muscovite) 1480 1712 moved to Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg (Petrograd) Russian Empire 1712 1918 moved to Moscow
Turin Kingdom of Sardinia 1720 1861 became part of unified Italy
Dariyah Saudi Arabia 1744 1818 moved to Riyadh after the Turks destroyed the city
Dresden Saxony 1485 1918 Saxony became part of the German Empire in 1871, and Saxony lost its independence fully in 1918. Dresden remains the capital of the German state of Saxony.
Perth Scotland 846 1452 moved to Edinburgh
Tulaghi Solomon Islands 1896 1942 moved to Honiara
Saigon South Vietnam 1954 1975 Hanoi, country ceased to exist after unification of Vietnam
Aden South Yemen 1967 1990 San'a, country ceased to exist after unification of Yemen
Valladolid Spain 1600 1606 moved to Madrid
Valencia Spain 1936 1939 Government of the Second Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War
Columbia, Texas Republic of Texas 1836 1837 moved to Houston, Texas
Houston, Texas Republic of Texas 1837 1839 moved to Austin, Texas
Austin, Texas Republic of Texas 1839 1845 Texas annexed by United States
Ayutthaya Thailand 1350 1767 moved to Thonburi after the Burmese destroyed the city
Thonburi Thailand 1767 1782 moved to Bangkok after King Taksin was declared mad
Aneho Togo 1880s 1897 moved to Lomé
Cluj Transylvania, Grand Principality of 1861 1867 Principality integrated into Austro-Hungarian Empire
Trieste Trieste, Free Territory of 1947 1954 Territory dissolved, integrated into Italy and Yugoslavia
San Jose de Oruña Trinidad 1592 1783 moved to Port of Spain
Florence Tuscany 1569 1860 became part of unified Italy
Naples Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 1816 1861 became part of unified Italy
Chyhyryn Ukraine (Cossack Hetmanate) 1648 1669 moved to Baturyn
Baturyn Ukraine (Cossack Hetmanate) 1669 1708 moved to Hlukhiv after demolition of the city by Russian forces
Hlukhiv Ukraine (Cossack Hetmanate) 1708 1722 Cossack Hetmanate lost its sovereignty
Hlukhiv Ukraine (Cossack Hetmanate) 1727 1734 Cossack Hetmanate lost its sovereignty
Baturyn Ukraine (Cossack Hetmanate) 1750 1764 Cossack Hetmanate lost its sovereignty
Kharkiv Ukraine (Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic) 1919 1934 moved to Kyiv (Kiev)
Philadelphia United States 1776 1776 moved to Baltimore
Baltimore United States 1776 1777 moved back to Philadelphia
Philadelphia United States 1777 1777 moved to Lancaster
Lancaster United States 1777 1777 moved to York after one day
York United States 1777 1778 moved back to Philadelphia
Philadelphia United States 1778 1783 moved to Princeton
Princeton United States 1783 1783 moved to Annapolis
Annapolis United States 1783 1784 moved to Trenton
Trenton United States 1784 1785 moved to New York
New York United States 1785 1790 moved back to Philadelphia
Philadelphia United States 1790 1800 moved to Washington, DC
Samarkand Uzbekistan (SSR) 1925 1930 moved to Tashkent
Venice Venice, Republic of fl. 9th century 1797 annexed by Austria
Port of Spain West Indies Federation 1958 1962 country ceased to exist
Câmpulung Wallachia fl.13th Century fl.15th Century moved to Târgovişte
Târgovişte Wallachia 1396 1698 moved to Bucharest
Stuttgart Württemberg ca. 1300 1918 Württemberg became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Stuttgart remained the capital of the German state of Württemberg until 1947, and then became capital of the German state of Baden-Württemberg
Taiz Yemen 1948 1962 moved to San'a
Mérida Yucatán 1840 1847 reunited with Mexico

Former capital city	Country, empire	Since	Until	Change, reason
Kandahar	Afghanistan	1748	1772	moved to Kabul
Vlorë	Albania	1912	1920	moved to Tirana
Paraná	Argentine Confederation	1853	1861	moved to Buenos Aires
Melbourne	Australia	1901	1927	moved to Canberra - interim capital only while Canberra developed
Vienna	Holy Roman Empire	1558	1806	became capital in Austrian Empire
Vienna	Austrian Empire	1806	1867	became capital in Austro-Hungarian Empire
Vienna	Austro-Hungarian Empire	1867	1918	became capital in Republic of Austria
Karlsruhe	Baden	1771	1918	Baden became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Karlsruhe remained the capital of the German state of Baden until 1945.
Munich	Bavaria	14th century	1918	Bavaria became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Munich remains the capital of the German state of Bavaria.
St. George	Bermuda	1612	1815	moved to Hamilton
Salvador da Bahia	Brazil	1549	1763	moved to Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro	Brazil	1763	1960	moved to Brasília
Belize City	British Honduras	1638	1970	moved to Belmopan
Pliska	Bulgaria (Old Great Bulgaria	681	893	moved to Preslav
Preslav	Bulgaria (First Bulgarian Empire)	893	972	moved to Ohrid
Ohrid	Bulgaria (First Bulgarian Empire)	990	1015	Empire ceases to exist after the Byzantine conquest
Veliko Tarnovo	Bulgaria (Second Bulgarian Empire)	1185	1396	Empire ceases to exist after the Ottoman conquest
Plovdiv	Eastern Rumelia	1878	1885	annexed as part of the Unification of Bulgaria
Kingston	Canada	1841	1843	moved to Montreal
Montreal	Canada	1843	1849	moved to Toronto
Toronto	Canada	1849	1859	moved to Quebec City
Quebec City	Canada	1859	1865	moved to Ottawa
Chan Santa Cruz	Chan Santa Cruz	c.1852	1901	became part of Mexico
Anyang	China (Shang Dynasty)	c.1600 BC	c.1046 BC	moved to Chang'an - end of Shang Dynasty
Chang'an	China (Zhou Dynasty)	c.1046 BC	722 BC	moved to Luoyang
Luoyang	China (Zhou Dynasty)	772 BC	221 BC	moved to Xianyang - fall of Zhou Dynasty
Xinyang	China (Qin Dynasty)	221 BC	206 BC	moved back to Chang'an - fall of Qin Dynasty
Chang'an	China (Han Dynasty)	206 BC	25	moved back to Luoyang
Luoyang	China (Han Dynasty)	25	220	fall of the Han Dynasty marking the beginning of the Six Dynasties period
Chang'an	China (Tang Dynasty)	618	907	fall of the Tang Dynasty marking the beginning of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
Kaifeng	China (Song Dynasty)	960	1127	moved to Hangzhou
Hangzhou	China (Song Dynasty)	1127	1279	Kublai Khan integrates China into the Mongol Empire
Nanjing	China (Ming Dynasty)	1368	1421	moved to Beijing
Beijing	China	1421	1928	moved back to Nanjing
Nanjing	China	1928	1937	moved to Chongqing
Chongqing	China	1937	1945	moved back to Nanjing
Nanjing	China	1945	1949	moved to Beijing - After the proclamation of the People's Republic of China
Montgomery	Confederate States of America	February 4, 1861	May 29,1861	Moved to Richmond
Richmond	Confederate States of America	May 29, 1861	April 10,1865	Confederate States Forced to rejoin the United States following the surrender of General Lee's Army of Northern Virginia in Appomattox, Virginia
Léopoldville	Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1960	1966	renamed Kinshasa
Cartago	Costa Rica	1562	1823	moved to San Jose
Grand Bassam	Côte d'Ivoire	1893	1900	moved to Bingerville
Bingerville	Côte d'Ivoire	1900	1933	moved to Abidjan
Abidjan	Côte d'Ivoire	1933	1983	moved to Yamoussoukro
Santiago de Cuba	Cuba	1522	1589	moved (after 1607 in Havana)
Prague	Czechoslovakia	1918	1993	became capital in Czech Republic
Roskilde	Denmark	c.1020	1443	moved to Copenhagen
Winchester	Wessex/Kingdom of England	519	1066	moved to London
Åbo	Finland, Grand Duchy of	1809	1812	moved to Helsinki
Vaasa	Finland	January 29, 1918	May 3, 1918	moved by White Guards from Helsinki because of Finnish Civil War
Al-Fustat	Egypt	905	969	moved to Cairo (see also: Capital of Egypt)
Levuka	Fiji	1874	1877	moved to Suva
Vichy	France	1940	1944	capital of Vichy France régime
Berlin	German Empire	1871	1945	Separation of Germany to occupation zones for the Allied powers
Otjimbingwe	German South-West Africa	1886	1892	moved to Windhoek
East Berlin	Germany, East	1949	1990	Berlin, country ceased to exist after re-unification of Germany
Bonn	Germany, West	1949	1990	moved to Berlin after re-unification of Germany
Cape Coast	Ghana (Gold Coast)	1664	1877	moved to Accra
Granada	Granada, Kingdom of	1250	1492	Kingdom ceases to exist after the Reconquista and incorporated into Castile
Nafplion	Greece	1821	1836	moved to Athens
Bolama	Guinea-Bissau	1879	1941	moved to Bissau
Boe	Guinea-Bissau	1973	1974	moved back to Bissau
Lahaina	Hawai'i, Kingdom of	1820	1845	moved to Honolulu
Esztergom	Hungary	972 (or 973)	1256	moved to Buda for the first time
Pressburg (Pozsony)	Hungary	1536	1784	moved back to Buda
Cuzco	Inca Empire	fl.13th Century	c.1533	moved to Lima after the Spanish conquest
Calcutta	India (British)	1772	1912	moved to New Delhi
Simla	India (British)	fl.1850	1947	Summer capital
Persepolis	Iran (Persia)	c.2500 BC	c.316 BC	city declined into ruins after fall of the great Macedonian Empire
Tabriz	Iran (Safavid Dynasty)	1502	1548	moved to Qazvin
Qazvin	Iran (Safavid Dynasty)	1548	1598	moved to Isfahan
Isfahan	Iran (Safavid Dynasty)	1598	1750	moved to Shiraz
Shiraz	Iran (Zand dynasty)	1750	1794	moved to Tehran
Hill of Tara	Ireland (under the High Kings	6th century	12th century	Ireland conqured by England
Hebron	Israel, Kingdom of	c.1007 BC	c.1000 BC	moved to Jerusalem when the kingdom is reunited under King David
Tel Aviv	Israel, State of	May 1948	Dec 1948	moved to Jerusalem after 1948 Arab-Israeli War
Torino	Italy	1861	1865	moved to Florence
Florence	Italy	1865	1871	moved to Rome
Spanish Town	Jamaica	1534	1872	moved to Kingston
Heijo-kyo (Nara)	Japan (Nara Period)	710	784	moved to Nagaoka-kyo (Nagaoka)
Nagaoka-kyo (Nagaoka)	Japan (Nara Period)	784	794	moved to Kyoto
Kyoto	Japan	794	1868	moved to Tokyo (see also: Capital of Japan)
Jerusalem	Jerusalem, Kingdom of	1099	1187	moved to Acre (Jerusalem captured by Saladin)
Acre	Jerusalem, Kingdom of	1187	1291	Kingdom ceases to exist
Njimi	Kanem	fl. 11th Century	c.1396	lost to Bulala invaders (eventually moved to Ngazargamu)
Ngazargamu	Kanem-Bornu Empire	c.1472	1808	lost to Fulani invaders (eventually moved to Kukawa)
Kukawa	Kanem-Bornu Empire	1814	1893	Kingdom ceases to exist
Alma-Ata	Kazakhstan	1992	1993	renamed Almaty
Almaty	Kazakhstan	1993	1998	moved to Astana
Kaunas	Lithuania	1922	1940	moved back to Vilnius
Mdina	Malta		1566	capital moved to Valletta
Płock	Masovia	c.1038	1047	Masovia reincorporated into Poland
Płock	Masovia	1138	1313	moved to Czersk
Czersk	Masovia	1313	1413	moved to Warsaw
Warsaw	Masovia	1413	1526	Masovia reincorporated into Poland
Modena	Modena, Duchy of	1452	1860	became part of united Italy
Iaşi	Moldavia	1351	1862	unified with Wallachia to form Romania
Cetinje	Montenegro	1482	1946	moved to Podgorica
Yangon	Myanmar	1948	2005	Military junta claimed that Myanmar will be more centralised compared to Yangon
Bacolod	Federal Republic of Negros	1898	1899	absorbed by the Philippines.
St. John's	Newfoundland	1855	1949	entered confederation with Canada
Russell	New Zealand	1840	1841	moved to Auckland
Auckland	New Zealand	1841	1865	moved to Wellington
Lagos	Nigeria	1914	1976	moved to Abuja
Trondheim	Norway	997	1070	moved to Bergen
Bergen	Norway	1070	1299	moved to Oslo
Oslo	Norway	1299	1624	renamed Christiania
Christiania	Norway	1624	1924	renamed Oslo
Bursa	Ottoman empire	1335	1365	moved to Edirne
Edirne	Ottoman empire	1365	1453	moved to Istanbul (Constantinople)
Istanbul	Ottoman empire	1453	1923	The Ottoman Empire became the Republic of Turkey. The capital moved to Ankara
Karachi	Pakistan	1947	1959	moved to Rawalpindi
Rawalpindi	Pakistan	1959	1967	moved to Islamabad
Heidelberg	Palatinate	14th century	1720	moved to Mannheim
Mannheim	Palatinate	1720	1777	Palatinate inherited by the Electors of Bavaria.
Parma	Parma, Duchy of	1545	1860	Became part of united Italy.
Cebu City	Philippines	1562 (?)	1578 (?)	Former capital of the new Spanish colony. Moved to Manila (Formerly Maynilad) after capture.
Malolos	Philippines	1898	1899
Manila	Philippines	1571	1948	moved to Quezon City upon formation of Commonwealth of the Philippines.
Quezon City	Philippines	1948	1976	moved to Manila , Quezon City was absorbed into Metro Manila.
Gniezno	Poland	10th century	1038	moved to Krakow
Poznań	Poland	10th century	1038	moved to Kraków
Kraków	Poland	1038	1079	moved to Płock
Płock	Poland	1079	1138	moved to Kraków
Kraków	Poland	1138	1290	moved to Poznań
Poznań	Poland	1290	1296	moved to Krakow
Kraków	Poland	1296	1596	moved to Warsaw
Lublin	Poland	1944	1945	de facto capital
Łódź	Poland	1945	1947	de facto capital
Guimarães	Portugal	1095	1131	moved to Coimbra
Coimbra	Portugal	1131	1255	moved to Lisbon
Lisbon	Portugal	1255	1808	moved to Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro	Portugal	1808	1821	moved to Lisbon
Moscow	Russia (Muscovite)	1480	1712	moved to Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg (Petrograd)	Russian Empire	1712	1918	moved to Moscow
Turin	Kingdom of Sardinia	1720	1861	became part of unified Italy
Dariyah	Saudi Arabia	1744	1818	moved to Riyadh after the Turks destroyed the city
Dresden	Saxony	1485	1918	Saxony became part of the German Empire in 1871, and Saxony lost its independence fully in 1918. Dresden remains the capital of the German state of Saxony.
Perth	Scotland	846	1452	moved to Edinburgh
Tulaghi	Solomon Islands	1896	1942	moved to Honiara
Saigon	South Vietnam	1954	1975	Hanoi, country ceased to exist after unification of Vietnam
Aden	South Yemen	1967	1990	San'a, country ceased to exist after unification of Yemen
Valladolid	Spain	1600	1606	moved to Madrid
Valencia	Spain	1936	1939	Government of the Second Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War
Columbia, Texas	Republic of Texas	1836	1837	moved to Houston, Texas
Houston, Texas	Republic of Texas	1837	1839	moved to Austin, Texas
Austin, Texas	Republic of Texas	1839	1845	Texas annexed by United States
Ayutthaya	Thailand	1350	1767	moved to Thonburi after the Burmese destroyed the city
Thonburi	Thailand	1767	1782	moved to Bangkok after King Taksin was declared mad
Aneho	Togo	1880s	1897	moved to Lomé
Cluj	Transylvania, Grand Principality of	1861	1867	Principality integrated into Austro-Hungarian Empire
Trieste	Trieste, Free Territory of	1947	1954	Territory dissolved, integrated into Italy and Yugoslavia
San Jose de Oruña	Trinidad	1592	1783	moved to Port of Spain
Florence	Tuscany	1569	1860	became part of unified Italy
Naples	Kingdom of the Two Sicilies	1816	1861	became part of unified Italy
Chyhyryn	Ukraine (Cossack Hetmanate)	1648	1669	moved to Baturyn
Baturyn	Ukraine (Cossack Hetmanate)	1669	1708	moved to Hlukhiv after demolition of the city by Russian forces
Hlukhiv	Ukraine (Cossack Hetmanate)	1708	1722	Cossack Hetmanate lost its sovereignty
Hlukhiv	Ukraine (Cossack Hetmanate)	1727	1734	Cossack Hetmanate lost its sovereignty
Baturyn	Ukraine (Cossack Hetmanate)	1750	1764	Cossack Hetmanate lost its sovereignty
Kharkiv	Ukraine (Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic)	1919	1934	moved to Kyiv (Kiev)
Philadelphia	United States	1776	1776	moved to Baltimore
Baltimore	United States	1776	1777	moved back to Philadelphia
Philadelphia	United States	1777	1777	moved to Lancaster
Lancaster	United States	1777	1777	moved to York after one day
York	United States	1777	1778	moved back to Philadelphia
Philadelphia	United States	1778	1783	moved to Princeton
Princeton	United States	1783	1783	moved to Annapolis
Annapolis	United States	1783	1784	moved to Trenton
Trenton	United States	1784	1785	moved to New York
New York	United States	1785	1790	moved back to Philadelphia
Philadelphia	United States	1790	1800	moved to Washington, DC
Samarkand	Uzbekistan (SSR)	1925	1930	moved to Tashkent
Venice	Venice, Republic of	fl. 9th century	1797	annexed by Austria
Port of Spain	West Indies Federation	1958	1962	country ceased to exist
Câmpulung	Wallachia	fl.13th Century	fl.15th Century	moved to Târgovişte
Târgovişte	Wallachia	1396	1698	moved to Bucharest
Stuttgart	Württemberg	ca. 1300	1918	Württemberg became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Stuttgart remained the capital of the German state of Württemberg until 1947, and then became capital of the German state of Baden-Württemberg
Taiz	Yemen	1948	1962	moved to San'a
Mérida	Yucatán	1840	1847	reunited with Mexico

List of historical national capitals

See also