List of national poets
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Many nations have adopted a poet who is perceived to represent the identity, beliefs and principles of their culture. This person, whether officially or by popular acclaim, is often referred to as the national poet or national bard. Many are historical figures, whereas others are still writing today. Some nations have more than one national poet.
There follows a list of nations. Note that this is not a list of sovereign states or countries, although many of the nations listed may also be states or countries. The words nation (cultural), country (geographical) and state (political) are not synonymous.
List of national poets
- Argentina - José Hernández
- Austria - Peter Rosegger
- Australia - Adam Lindsay Gordon
- Bangladesh - Kazi Nazrul Islam
- Canada - [Parliamentary Poet Laureate] - George Bowering 2004
- Alberta Canada [Poet Laureate of Alberta]
- Dagestan - Rasul Gamzatov
- England - Andrew Motion, Poet Laureate
- Finland - Johan Ludvig Runeberg
- Guernsey - George Métivier
- Hungary - Sándor Petőfi
- India - None - India does not have a national poet; Rabindranath Tagore wrote the National Anthem of India
- Italy - Giosuè Carducci
- Israel - Hayyim Nahman Bialik
- Jews - Yehuda Halevi
- Malta - Dun Karm Psaila
- Moldova - Mihai Eminescu
- Ossetia - Kosta Xetagurov
- Pakistan - Muhammad Iqbal
- Palestine - Fadwa Toukan, (1917-2003) known as the poet of Palestine
- Poland - the Three Bards: Zygmunt Krasiński, Adam Mickiewicz, Juliusz Słowacki
- Portugal - Luís de Camões
- Romania - Mihai Eminescu
- Russia - Alexander Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov, Fyodor Tyutchev
- Scotland -
- *official appointment: Edwin Morgan, The Scots Makar
- *traditionally: Robert Burns
- Slovakia - Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav
- South Africa - Mazisi Kunene, poet laureate
- Turkey - Mehmet Akif Ersoy
- United States - Ted Kooser, Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress
- Vietnam - Nguyen Du
- Wales - Gwyneth Lewis, national poet
Sobriquets
The French language has a number of sobriquets to denote the origin of various literary languages. Many of these writers may be considered as the bard of their nation, even if they were primarily dramatists or prose writers.
- Dutch language: langue de Vondel
- English language: langue de Shakespeare
- Esperanto language: langue de Zamenhof
- French language: langue de Molière or langue de Voltaire
- German language: langue de Goethe
- Greek language: langue de Homère (Homer)
- Italian language: langue de Dante
- Latin language: langue de Cicéron (Cicero)
- Norman language: langue de Wace
- Polish language: langue de Mickiewicz
- Portuguese language: langue de Camões
- Provençal language: langue de Mistral
- Russian language: langue de Tolstoï (Tolstoy)
- Spanish language: langue de Cervantès
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