List of notable Atlantic hurricanes
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This is a list of notable Atlantic hurricanes, subdivided by reason for notability.
Contents
- 1 Retired names
- 2 Unnamed but historically significant
- 3 Listed by death toll
- 4 Listed by cost (United States only)
- 4.1 Listed by 2005 inflation adjusted cost
- 4.2 Listed by cost at the time
- 4.3 Listed by wealth normalization for 2004
- 5 Listed by number of tornadoes spawned
- 6 Listed by duration
- 7 Fastest forward speed
- 8 Listed by seasonal activity
- 9 Off-season storms
- 10 Category 5 hurricanes
- 11 Listed by intensity
- 12 Strongest storm in each month
- 13 Atlantic-Eastern Pacific crossover storms
- 14 Unusual Landfalls
- 14.1 Europe
- 14.2 Azores
- 14.3 West African Coast
- 14.4 Cape Verde Islands
- 14.5 Venezuela
- 14.6 Canary Islands
- 14.7 Panama
- 15 Extreme latitudes and longitudes
- 16 Earliest/Latest Formations for Each Category
- 17 See also
Retired names
Hurricane names are retired due to the notoriety of the storm to which they are attached (after a nation impacted by the storm lobbies the World Meteorological Organization).- Further information: List of retired Atlantic hurricanes
| Retired Atlantic hurricanes | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Carol | Edna | Hazel | Connie |
| Diane | Ione | Janet | Audrey |
| Gracie | Donna | Carla | Hattie |
| Flora | Cleo | Dora | Hilda |
| Betsy | Inez | Beulah | Camille |
| Celia | Agnes | Carmen | Fifi |
| Eloise | Anita | David | Frederic |
| Allen | Alicia | Elena | Gloria |
| Gilbert | Joan | Hugo | Diana |
| Klaus | Bob | Andrew | Luis |
| Marilyn | Opal | Roxanne | Cesar |
| Fran | Hortense | Georges | Mitch |
| Floyd | Lenny | Keith | Allison |
| Iris | Michelle | Isidore | Lili |
| Fabian | Isabel | Juan | Charley |
| Frances | Ivan | Jeanne | Dennis |
| Katrina | Rita | Stan | Wilma |
| Main article: List of retired Atlantic hurricanes | |||
Unnamed but historically significant
| Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale | ||||||
| Name | Year | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Columbus Hurricane | 1495 | Reported by Christopher Columbus; First definite hurricane report; three ships sunk |
| Great Colonial Hurricane | 1635 | First recorded hurricane to hit New England |
| Newfoundland Hurricane | 1775 | Killed over 4,000 people |
| Great Hurricane | 1780 | Deadliest Atlantic hurricane on record; over 22,000 killed |
| Great September Gale | 1815 | Category 3 New England strike |
| Norfolk and Long Island Hurricane | 1821 | 200 deaths as it raced up the Atlantic coast |
| Racer's Storm | 1837 | 105 deaths on 2,000 mile track from Caribbean to Texas to North Carolina |
| Last Island Hurricane | 1856 | 400 people dead. The island and the resort on it never resurfaced. |
| Indianola Hurricane | 1886 | destroyed Indianola, Texas. |
| New York Hurricane | 1893 | Category 1 direct strike on New York City |
| Sea Islands Hurricane | 1893 | killed 1,000 – 2,000 people on the Georgia and South Carolina coasts. |
| Chenier Caminanda Hurricane | 1893 | killed 2,000 people in Louisiana. |
| Hurricane San Ciriaco | 1899 | traversed the Atlantic for 31 days. |
| Galveston Hurricane of 1900 | 1900 | Deadliest natural disaster in US history (as of 2005) |
| March Hurricane | 1908 | reached Category 2 strength in March. |
| 1915 Galveston Hurricane | 1915 | The last thing Galveston needed 15 years after the 1900 storm; huge damage |
| Great Miami Hurricane | 1926 | Florida's economy didn't recover until the 1950s. |
| Okeechobee Hurricane | 1928 | Wrecked Guadaloupe, Puerto Rico, and Florida; killed over 4,000 |
| Dominican Republic Hurricane | 1930 | killed 8,000 people |
| Labor Day Hurricane | 1935 | Struck the Florida Keys; strongest storm to ever hit the United States. |
| Great New England Hurricane | 1938 | Killed 600. |
| Surprise Hurricane | 1943 | First intentional flight into a hurricane; last hurricane advisory censored due to war |
| Fort Lauderdale Hurricane | 1947 | stormed through Fort Lauderdale just weakened from a Category 5. |
| 1991 Halloween Nor’easter | 1991 | Also known as "The Perfect Storm" |
Listed by death toll
| Deadliest Atlantic hurricanes | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Hurricane | Season | Fatalities |
| 1 | "Great Hurricane" | 1780 | 22,000 |
| 2 | Mitch | 1998 | 11,000 – 18,000 |
| 3 | "Galveston" | 1900 | 8,000 – 12,000 |
| 4 | Fifi | 1974 | 8,000 – 10,000 |
| 5 | "Dominican Republic" | 1930 | 2,000 – 8,000 |
| Main article: List of deadliest Atlantic hurricanes | |||
Listed by cost (United States only)
There are several ways to express the monetary cost of a hurricane, by inflation adjusted cost, cost at the time, and cost if the hurricane were to strike today. [link][link]Care should be taken not to confuse "economic impact" estimates (often used for modern hurricanes like Katrina) with damage costs; it is the latter that are included in this list (and in all hurricane articles).
Note that these charts are only based on damage in the US; the total in many of these storms is higher due to damage in the Caribbean, Central America, Mexico or Canada.
Storms with a * next to their name indicates the name was not retired.
Listed by 2005 inflation adjusted cost
| Cost (billions) | Name | Year |
|---|---|---|
| .2 | Hurricane Katrina | 2005 |
| .9 | Hurricane Andrew | 1992 |
| .4 | Hurricane Charley | 2004 |
| .6 | Hurricane Ivan | 2004 |
| .6 | Hurricane Hugo | 1989 |
| .2 | Hurricane Wilma | 2005 |
| .6 | Hurricane Agnes | 1972 |
| .1 | Hurricane Betsy | 1965 |
| .4 | Hurricane Rita | 2005 |
| .1 | Hurricane Frances | 2004 |
| .1 | Hurricane Camille | 1969 |
| .2 | Hurricane Diane | 1955 |
| .1 | Hurricane Jeanne | 2004 |
| .5 | Hurricane Frederic | 1979 |
| .2 | New England Hurricane of 1938 | 1938 |
| .0 | Tropical Storm Allison | 2001 |
| .0 | Hurricane Floyd | 1999 |
| .5 | Great Atlantic Hurricane of 1944 | 1944 |
| .6 | Hurricane Fran | 1996 |
| .5 | Hurricane Alicia | 1983 |
| .4 | Hurricane Opal | 1995 |
| .0 | Hurricane Carol | 1954 |
| .7 | Hurricane Isabel | 2003 |
| .2 | Hurricane Juan* | 1985 |
| .1 | Hurricane Donna | 1960 |
| .9 | Hurricane Celia | 1970 |
| .7 | Hurricane Bob | 1991 |
| .7 | Hurricane Elena | 1985 |
| .5 | Hurricane Carla | 1961 |
| .23 | Hurricane Dennis | 2005 |
| .2 | Great Miami Hurricane of 1926 | 1926 |
| .1 | Hurricane Eloise | 1975 |
| .1 | Galveston Hurricane of 1915 | 1915 |
| .1 | Hurricane Dora | 1964 |
| Source: [NOAA] ([adjusted]) | ||
Listed by cost at the time
Listed by wealth normalization for 2004
This list is adjusted for 2004 inflation and wealth normalization, which is basically an estimation of what the hurricane would cost if it struck today. Estimates have been made for hurricanes that occurred after 2004.
Listed by number of tornadoes spawned
Listed by duration
Tropical systems which have lasted longer than eighteen days:Note: Hurricane Joan-Miriam lasted 22 days total, but is not placed here because It lasted that long between two basins: the Atlantic and the East Pacific.
Fastest forward speed
These are the fastest estimated recorded speeds of any tropical system (including tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes) between 1851 and 2004. It does not include extratropical systems which routinely reach very high forward speeds.Listed by seasonal activity
A hurricane with a peak intensity of category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale is classified as major.Listed by most total storms
Listed by fewest total storms
Seasons prior to 1965 are not included due to lack of accurate data for the period.
Off-season storms
This section lists Atlantic storms that formed outside of the official hurricane season; June 1 - November 30. These storms are very unusual and thus they all merit inclusion on this page. The majority of off-season storms formed in May, with 18 total storms since 1851 [link].
- Tropical Storm One, 1887 - formed May 15.
- Tropical Storm Two, 1887 - formed May 17.
- Hurricane Eighteen, 1887 - formed December 4.
- Tropical Storm Nineteen, 1887 - formed December 7, making that year the year with the most off season storms (four). 19 also made the only recorded landfall in Costa Rica.
- March Hurricane of 1908 – formed March 6. Earliest formation of a hurricane. Reached category two status.
- Hurricane Two, 1908 - formed May 24.
- Tropical Storm One, 1932 - formed May 5 and lasted until May 11.
- Tropical storm One formed on May 27 and lasted until the 31st. It struck the Everglades and became one of the earliest ever U.S. landfalling storms.
- Hurricane Able - Category 3 in May, 1951. Earliest major hurricane.
- 1952 Groundhog Day Storm, 1952 - formed on February 2 and hit south Florida. Earliest U.S. landfall.
- Tropical Storm Alice, 1953 - formed on May 25.
- Tropical Storm 14, 1953 - formed on December 7.
- Hurricane Alice, 1954 - formed in late December and continued until early January. Alice is the latest storm to form in a season.
- Hurricane Alma, 1970 - formed May 17.
- Subtropical Storm Two, 1975 - formed December 9.
- Subtropical Storm One, 1978 - formed January 18, the earliest formation on record in the Atlantic since record keeping began in 1851. Only storm to form in January. One of only three storms to exist in January, the other two being Alice (54-55) and Zeta (05-06).
- Tropical Storm Arlene, 1981 - formed May 6.
- Hurricane Lili, 1984 - formed December 12. Latest Atlantic landfall ever recorded; Dominican Republic on December 24 as a depression.
- Subtropical Storm One, 1992 - One of only five subtropical or tropical cyclones to develop in the Atlantic from January to April on record [link]. Formed April 21.
- Tropical Storm Ana, 2003 - First North Atlantic tropical system ever recorded to develop in April.
- Tropical Storm Odette, 2003 - First tropical system to develop in December in the Caribbean Sea in recorded history.
- Tropical Storm Peter, 2003 - First time two tropical systems develop in December in 116 years.
- Tropical Storm Zeta, 2005 - formed December 30, just falling short of Alice's record for latest storm development on record.
Category 5 hurricanes
Becoming a Category 5 (sustained windspeeds greater than 155 mph) is achieved on a regular basis in the Western Pacific but is rare in the Atlantic. Only 29 Atlantic hurricanes are known to have reached Category 5 and only 11 made landfall while at this intensity. Only three times have more than one Category 5 formed in the same season: two in 1960 and 1961, and four in 2005. (Several earlier storms may have also reached Category 5 but the strongest winds were not measured due to the lack of technology.)| Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Season | Name | Season |
| "Okeechobee" | 1928 | "Bahamas" | 1932 |
| "Labor Day" | 1935 | "New England" | 1938 |
| "Fort Lauderdale" | 1947 | Dog | 1950 |
| Easy | 1951 | Janet | 1955 |
| Cleo | 1958 | Donna | 1960 |
| Ethel | 1960 | Carla | 1961 |
| Hattie | 1961 | Beulah | 1967 |
| Camille | 1969 | Edith | 1971 |
| Anita | 1977 | David | 1979 |
| Allen | 1980 | Gilbert | 1988 |
| Hugo | 1989 | Andrew | 1992 |
| Mitch | 1998 | Isabel | 2003 |
| Ivan | 2004 | Emily | 2005 |
| Katrina | 2005 | Rita | 2005 |
| Wilma | 2005 | ||
| Main article: List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes | |||
Listed by intensity
Strongest storm in each month
The Atlantic hurricane season runs from June to November. Intensity is measured solely by central pressure.
* Tropical storm Zeta formed in 2005 but continued into January 2006** These are the strongest systems in these months by virtue of being the only known systems.*** Hurricane Able in May 1951 was a Category 3, a full two categories stronger than the unnamed May hurricane of 1908. However, there were no readings of pressure for this storm, so it can not accurately be placed on this list.**** Storm 2 reached category two strength in December of 1925, but there was also a lack of pressure readings. Nicole was only a category one.
Atlantic-Eastern Pacific crossover storms
- Hurricane Hattie-Simone - 1961
- Hurricane Irene-Olivia - 1971
- Hurricane Fifi-Orlene - 1974
- Hurricane Greta-Olivia - 1978
- Hurricane Joan-Miriam - 1988
- Hurricane Cesar-Douglas - 1996
There is some debate as to whether Tropical Storm Simone in the Pacific, itself formerly Hurricane Hattie in the Atlantic, became Tropical Storm Inga in the Atlantic. It is unclear whether Simone and Inga were the same system or different systems present near the same area at the same time.
In addition, numerous storms have crossed Central America and lost their circulation, but reformed over open waters. Remnants of tropical cyclones have done this as well.
Unusual Landfalls
Europe
Note: Europe has been hit by many tropical cyclones after they became extratropical. The following includes either a European tropical landfall, or came close to hitting as a tropical cyclone.
- 1961 - Hurricane Debbie became extratropical just before striking western Ireland, causing heavy damage.
- 1966 - Hurricane Faith struck Faroe Islands (while tropical) and Scandinavia (while extratropical), killing one person.
- 1967 - Hurricane Chloe became extratropical just before making landfall in France as a 40 mph storm.
- 1998 - Hurricane Jeanne became extratropical as it made landfall in Portugal in October.
- 2005 - Hurricane Vince made landfall while tropical in southern Spain, the only tropical system ever recorded to do so.[link]
Azores
- 1926 - A hurricane preformed a large loop around the islands as a category three, two, one and a tropical storm.
- 1959 - Hurricane Hannah passed over the Azores as a category two.
- 1990 - Tropical Storm Edouard stalled directly over the Azores but there was little damage.
- 1992 - Hurricane Bonnie skirted the islands. One person died on the island of St. Michaels.
- 1995 - Hurricane Tanya affected the Azores causing minimal damage.
- 2005 - An unnamed subtropical storm passed almost directly over the Azores, although there was no damage reported.
West African Coast
- 2005 - Tropical Storm Delta's remnants made landfall in Morroco, but caused no damage.
Cape Verde Islands
- 1982 - Tropical Storm Beryl made landfall in Brava, killing 115 people.
- 1984 - Tropical Storm Fran killed 32 in the archipelago
Venezuela
- 1933 - An early season hurricane made landfall in Venezuela as a category one. Any damage is unknown.[link]
- 1974 - Tropical Storm Alma made landfall in Venezuela in August, causing almost no damage.
- 1988 - Hurricane Joan affected Venezuela as a tropical storm, bringing heavy rains that caused severe flashflooding.
- 1993 - Tropical Storm Bret caused severe mudslides that killed 173 people.
Canary Islands
- 2005 - Tropical Storm Delta caused severe damage across the Canary Islands and left 7 people dead shortly after becoming extratropical. It caused no significant damage in Morocco when it later made landfall there.
Panama
- 1969 - Hurricane Martha made the only recorded landfall in Panama as a tropical storm.
Extreme latitudes and longitudes
This list contains tropical cyclones that formed or moved to an extraordinary latitude or longitude. This list may include storms that reach extreme north (or south) latitude, or very equatorial cyclones.
- 1966 - Hurricane Faith became extratropical farther north than any other tropical cyclone, at about 62°N. It was still a Category 2-strength storm at the time.
- 1971 - Hurricane #2 became a hurricane at 46°N, the highest latitude a Tropical Storm has been upgraded in the Atlantic.
- 1973 - Tropical Storm Christine developed as a tropical depression at 14°W over western Africa, the eastern-most tropical depression formation in the Atlantic basin.
- 1973 - Hurricane Ellen became a major hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Scale well above 38°N latitude, only one of two to do so.
- 1990 - Hurricane Isidore formed lower than any other tropical cyclone on record for the North Atlantic, around 7°N.
- 2004 - Hurricane Alex was the other hurricane to gain major hurricane status above 38°N, and was stronger than Ellen at its peak. Ellen was farther north.
- 2004 - Hurricane Ivan became a Category 3 at 9.6°N latitude, the lowest latitude ever recorded for a major hurricane.
- 2005 - Hurricane Vince formed at a record northeast point in the Atlantic. Vince also became a hurricane further east than any storm in Atlantic history at 18.9°W.
Earliest/Latest Formations for Each Category
Below is a list of the earliest and latest forming hurricanes for each category.Earliest
Latest
See also
- redirect
- List of notable tropical cyclones
- List of notable Pacific hurricanes
- List of Atlantic hurricane records
- List of Atlantic hurricane seasons
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