List of people known as father or mother of something

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The following tables list men and women consistently described as a father or mother of something, except those described as fathers or mothers of nations. These are listed at Father and Mother of the Nation.

Though someone may be known as a father or mother of something, this does not always mean they invented, discovered or originated the thing with which they are associated. It also does not mean that they always have been or currently are considered a father or mother of it.

Adding entries to this list

Any additions to this list need to include at least one footnote link in the "Source/s" column. Each footnote linked should specify one or more references to credible sources (books, articles, reputable web sites, etc) where a person's commonplace description as a father or mother of something is reported. Links to other Wikipedia articles do not qualify; see [Citing sources].

Remember that people who might merit description as the father or mother of something are not listed here if they are not consistently described in this way.

: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

:	Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Source/s

A

Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard Danish painting "Abildgaard, Nikolaj Abraham," entry in 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, online[link]: "ABILDGAARD, NIKOLAJ ABRAHAM (1744-1800), called 'the Father of Danish Painting,' ... a cold theorist... As a technical painter he attained remarkable success, his tone being very harmonious and even, but the effect, to a foreigner's eye, is rarely interesting. His works are scarcely known out of Copenhagen, where he won an immense fame in his own generation."
Erik Acharius lichenology "Erik Acharius, the father of lichenology," Department of Cryptogamic Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History. [Link]. 17 December 1999.
Al-Khwarizmi algorithms and algebra Gandz and Saloman (1936), The sources of al-Khwarizmi's algebra, Osiris i, p. 263–277: "In a sense, Khwarizmi is more entitled to be called "the father of algebra" than Diophantus because Khwarizmi is the first to teach algebra in an elementary form and for its own sake, Diophantus is primarily concerned with the theory of numbers".
Susan B. Anthony The Mother of Us All , p.235: The Mother of Us All, opera by Virgil Thompson, libretto by Gertrude Stein.
Aristotle scientific methodology , p. 25: "Aristotle, unquestionably the father of scientific methodology, gives in his Posterior analytics such a remarkable account of how one ought to go about a scientific explanation that almost up to the nineteenth century, says Laudan in a somewhat extreme statement, 'philosophers of science were still working largely within the confines of the methodological problems discussed by Aristotle and his commentators.'"
Peter Artedi ichthyology , online at [link], p.390: "Far greater than either of these... was he who has been justly called the Father of Ichthyology, Petrus (Peter) Artedi (1705-35)."
Stephen F. Austin Texas , p.163: "Stephen F. Austin – the 'Father of Texas' – died of pneumonia at the age of forty-three..."
Cyrus Avery Route 66 , p. 18, "Avery, though dubbed the 'Father of Route 66' by some, was a political appointee who also left office the next year."

B

Charles Babbage computing
Mikhail Bakunin anarchism
Aaron T. Beck cognitive therapy , p. 235: "In developing ways to do this, Beck became the father of cognitive therapy, one of the most important developments in psychotherapy in the last 50 years."
Vytautas Beliajus international folk dance in the United States http://www.phantomranch.net/folkdanc/teachers/beliajus_v.htm
Alexander Graham Bell the telephone , p.190: "Although Alexander Graham Bell is most famously remembered as the father of the telephone, the reality is that during the latter half of the 1800s dozens of minds were at work on the project of carrying voice over telegraph lines."
Edward Bernays public relations , p. 344-5: "...an explicit ideology was constructed justifying what was called... 'the engineering of consent' (Edward Bernays, founding father of the public relations industry in the United States)"
Buddy Bolden jazz , p. 5: "Anyone seriously interested in the history of music will hear many times that Buddy Bolden was the father of jazz, or that Jelly Roll Morton claimed he was the father of jazz (in 1902, in fact)..." See also Theodore August Metz, Jelly Roll Morton

C

Willis Carrier air conditioning http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa081797.htm
Raymond Carhart audiology , p. 2: ''the Father of Audiology himself, Raymond Carhart at Northwestern University...", p. 912: "Carhart notch: A decrease in the bone-conduction hearing at the 2000 Hz region of patients with otosclerosis first reported by and therefore named after the father of audiology, Raymond Carhart."
Henry Chadwick baseball "Henry Chadwick, Chad, The Father of Base Ball [sic]"; National Baseball Hall of Fame bio,[link]. Not a player, but a journalist and organizer, the Hall of Fame credits him as "inventor of the box score" and "author of the first rule-book.": "Henry Chadwick, the veteran journalist, upon whom the honored sobriquet of 'Father of Base Ball[sic]' rests so happily and well, appears in portraiture, and so well preserved in his physical manhood that his sixty-three years rest lightly upon his well timed life.""Matty" at Harvard; The New York Times, February 16, 1909, p. 7: "Charles H. Ebbets, Chairman of the Chadwick Monument Committee, has announced that the contract has been awarded for a suitable monument to be placed on the plot in Greenwood[sic] Cemetery where the remains of the late Henry Chadwick, 'the Father of Baseball,' repose."Collins, Glen (2004): "Ground as Hallowed as Cooperstown," The New York Times, April 1, 2004. (Article on baseball notables interred in the Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn) "Among the nearly 600,000 people buried there are no less than four pioneers who were accorded the title 'Father of Baseball' in the popular press: Henry Chadwick, Duncan Curry, William Tucker and William Wheaton....The memorial for Henry Chadwick bears a 'Father of Base Ball' inscription.... [Duncan] Curry, first president of the Knickerbocker Baseball Club, is immortalized with a monument that proudly dubs him 'Father of Baseball' because he headed the club that scholars say first codified many of the game's rules...."
Alan Cooper Visual Basic Cooper, Alan, [Why I am called "the Father of Visual Basic"] "Mitchell Waite called me the "father of Visual Basic" in the foreword to what I believe was the first book ever published for VB, called the Visual Basic How-To (now in its second edition, published by The Waite Group Press). I thought the appellation was an appropriate one, and frequently use the quoted phrase as my one-line biography."
Frank W. Cyr the yellow school bus [p. 30]}}: "The modern school bus began in a conference in 1939 called by Frank W. Cyr, the 'Father of the Yellow School' bus, who was a professor at Teachers College, Columbia University. At that meeting, Cyr urged the standardization of the school bus. Participants came up with the standard yellow color and some basic construction standards. Cyr had... found that children were riding in all sorts of vehicles—one district, he found, was painting their busses red, white, and blue to instill patriotism."

D

Louis Daguerre photography [p. 20], "Louis Jacques Monde Daguerre: The second father of photography is Daguerre..."
Lee De Forest radio (This book sold fewer than a thousand copies and is accordingly rare and expensive today)., p. 198: "the egotistical Lee De Forest who discovered, however unwittingly, the audion tube that allowed him to proclaim himself 'the father of radio'", p. 132: "De Forest, who was not a modest man, called himself the 'Father of Radio,' an epithet whose accuracy is debatable."
Richard Dorson American folklore Nichols, Amber M. [Richard M. Dorson]. Minnesota State University, Mankato eMuseum. URL accessed April 21 2006.

E

F

G

Hugo Gernsback science fiction

H

Joseph HaydnAlso known as "Papa Haydn".
| the symphony and the string quartet
p.79: "For years, the name 'Papa Haydn' has characterized the composer." p.83: "It is not for nothing that he is called the Father of the Symphony. With equal justice he could be called the Father of the String Quartet, or the Father of Sonata Form."[Free eBook: ''The Pianoforte Sonata: Its Origin and Development," by J. S. Shedlock, B. A." (1895; Methuen and Company, London)] at Project Gutenberg "Haydn, for example, is called the father of the quartet; close investigation, however, would show that he was only a link, and certainly not the first one in a long evolution."
Herodotus history Cicero, De legibus I,5.
Theodor Herzl Zionism [Binyamin Ze-ev (Theodor) Herzl - Father of Zionism]
Earl "Fatha" Hines
| modern jazz piano
Pareles, Jon (1983): "Earl Hines Dead; Top Jazz Pianist—Redefined the Style in the 1920s Working with Armstrong—Later Led Major Band", The New York Times, April 23, 1983, p.10: "Earl (Fatha) Hines, the father of modern jazz piano, died yesterday in Oakland, Calif. after a heart attack."
Hipparchus trigonometry Dalvi, Dinanath Atmaran (1879): Aryan Trigonometry. The Theosophist, H. P. Blavatsky, editor, 1(1), October, 1879, Theosophical University Press Online Edition[link]: "Western mathematicians call Hipparchus, the Nicaean, the father of trigonometry, although they confessedly know nothing whatever about him beyond what they find in the works of his disciple Ptolemy. But Hipparchus is assigned to the 2nd century B. C., and we have the best reason in the world for knowing that trigonometry was known to the ancient Hindus, like many another science claimed by ignorant Western writers for Egypt, Greece, or Rome. These pretended authorities suggest that Hipparchus "probably employed mechanical contrivances for the construction of solid angles" (Art. Mathematics, New Am. Cyc. XI., 283)..."
Hippocrates medicine [Hippocrates], Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2006. Microsoft Corporation.
G. Evelyn Hutchinson modern limnology [G. Evelyn Hutchinson a.k.a. Father of modern limnology and the modern Darwin (1903-1991)]

I

Art Ingels karting http://www.vintagekarts.com/ingels.htm

J

K

L

Jack LaLanne fitness [Father of fitness, Jack La Lanne, turns 90], MSNBC, September 24, 2004. "He continues to live by his motto, 'I can't die, it would ruin my image!'"
Ivy Lee public relations , p. 391: "Ivy Lee, considered the father of public relations..."
Justus von Liebig modern nutrition , p.9: "Justus Von Liebig, the 'father of modern nutrition', developed the perfect infant food. It consisted of wheat flour, cow's milk, malt flour and bicarbonate of potash."
Carolus Linnaeus taxonomy , p.171: "No other naturalist has had as great a fame in his own lifetime as Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778), sometimes called the 'father of taxonomy.'"
Martin Luther Protestantism (Lutheranism) , p. 93: "Martin Luther (1483-1546) is generally identified as the father of Protestantism. While he was not the first to confront the authority of the Roman Catholic Church, it was he who crystallized the growing unrest and began what is known as the Protestant Reformation."

M

Bernarr Macfadden physical culture , p.270: "It delighted the heart of our old friend Bernarr Macfadden, 'the Father of Physical Culture,' when we told him how much athletic activity and good sportsmanship had to do with the rehabilitation of boys."
Abram Poindexter Maury Sr. Franklin, Tennessee http://www.tngenweb.org/tnletters/will-1-2.htm
Matthew Fontaine Maury modern naval oceanography and meteorology Lewis, Charles Lee, associate professor of the United States Naval Academy: Pathfinder of the Seas (book).
Theodore August Metz jazz "Theatrical Notes," The New York Times, April 26, 1932, p.25: "Theodore August Metz, who is often called the father of jazz and is the composer of the song 'There'll Be A Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight,' is scheduled to attend a reception backstage at Loew's State Theatre...'" See also Buddy Bolden, Jelly Roll Morton.
Dick Morley programmable logic controller http://www.ccontrols.com/pdf/Extv4n2.pdf
Jelly Roll Morton jazz , p.62: "Morton, a pool shark, composer, piano player and part-time pimp, called by many the Father of Jazz...". See also Buddy Bolden, Theodore August Metz
Muhammad Islam See "Muhammad (prophet)" at [Microsoft® Encarta® Online]
Angel Munoz e-sports [Angel Munoz, CPL Founder and President]

N

Nicéphore Niépce photography [p. 17], "The first father of photography was Nicéphore Niépce...."

O

Robert Oppenheimer the atomic bomb http://history1900s.about.com/cs/robertoppenheimer/p/oppenheimer.htm

P

Frank Pantridge emergency medicine UK Daily Telegraph obituary 12/29/2004.

Q

R

Ma Rainey the blues , p. 10, "Years later, as a Paramount recording star, Ma Rainey would be touted as 'the Mother of the Blues,' a title no doubt dreamed up by some press agent, but generally true in historical terms."
Hyman G. Rickover the "atomic" submarine and "nuclear navy" , p.162: "'Admiral Rickover', said Powell, '"father of the atomic submarine", is a a great naval officer... It is not equally clear that he is a careful and thorough student of American education.'" "Submarine Range Called Unlimited; Rickover Says Atomic Craft Can Cruise Under Ice To North Pole and Beyond," The New York Times, December 6, 1957, p.33: "The admiral, who is often called the 'Father of the Atomic Submarine'..." ,p. 217: "Chet Holifield... member of the JCAE... said 'Of all the men I dealt with in public service, at least one will go down in history: Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, the father of the nuclear Navy.'"
Ernest Rutherford
| nuclear physics
, title

S

Italo Santelli modern sabre fencing [Santelli bio] including several references backing up the statement, including a quote from Dr. William Gaugler Dec. 1997: "I am, in fact, only two generations removed from the 'father of modern sabre' [referring to Santelli]".
Thomas Say entomology in North America , [p. 11]
Hubertus Strughold space medicine , p.6: "After Wernher von Braun, he was the top Nazi scientist employed by the American government, and he was subsequently hailed by NASA as the 'father of space medicine'". See also Harry Armstrong.
Leó Szilárd the atomic bomb Bernstein, Barton J: "Introduction" to The Voice of the Dolphins and Other Stories (expanded edition), by Leo Szilard. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992, p.5: "Its author, Leo Szilard, now dead nearly three decades, was a Hunganian émigré scientist and one of many putative fathers of the A-bomb."

T

William Henry Fox Talbot photography , [p. 116]: cites book title: "A. H. Booth: William Henry Fox Talbot: father of photography, 1965"
Edward Teller the hydrogen bomb "'Father of H-Bomb' Agrees to Rally Scientific Talent." The New York Times, December 31, 1965, p.19. Story opens: "Albany, Dec. 30—Governor Rockefeller will make an intensified attack on air pollution with the help of Dr. Edward Teller, the 'father of the hydrogen bomb.'"
LaMarcus Adna Thompson "gravity" (the rollercoaster) Lindsay, David: "Terror Bound", American Heritage 49(5), September, 1998 [link] "Thompson was an unlikely candidate for the title show people bestowed on him: the father of gravity.

U

V

W

Alice Waters California cuisine "Food joins academic menu in Berkeley school district credits, not calories -- Chez Panisse founder cooks up new 'core curriculum'", San Francisco Chronicle, 29th August 2004 [link] "But this is Alice Waters, food visionary. The mother of California cuisine..."
John B. Watson Behaviorism [Wozniak, R. H. (1997)]. "Behaviorism," In Bringmann, W.G., Luck, H.E., Miller, R., & Early, C.E. (Eds.). A Pictorial History of Psychology. Chicago: Quintessence. "To later generations of psychologists... Watson would become known as the 'father of behaviorism'."
Thomas Wedgwood photography [p. 30] "Robert Hall, the divine, was addicted [to opium], as was Thomas Wedgwood, the father of photography."
John Wesley Methodism General Board of Discipleship of the United Methodist Church, A List of Books and Other Resources About John Wesley [link], "John Wesley, the Father of Methodism..."
Norbert Wiener cybernetics , p. 55: "It is probably not an accident that the 'father of cybernetics,' Norbert Wiener, ..." (Wiener is credited with coining the term in its common modern usage)

X

Y

Mike Yurosek baby carrot http://www.usatoday.com/life/lifestyle/2004-08-11-baby-carrot_x.htm

Z

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
A
Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard	Danish painting	"Abildgaard, Nikolaj Abraham," entry in 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, online[link]: "ABILDGAARD, NIKOLAJ ABRAHAM (1744-1800), called 'the Father of Danish Painting,' ... a cold theorist... As a technical painter he attained remarkable success, his tone being very harmonious and even, but the effect, to a foreigner's eye, is rarely interesting. His works are scarcely known out of Copenhagen, where he won an immense fame in his own generation."
Erik Acharius	lichenology	"Erik Acharius, the father of lichenology," Department of Cryptogamic Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History. [Link]. 17 December 1999.
Al-Khwarizmi	algorithms and algebra	Gandz and Saloman (1936), The sources of al-Khwarizmi's algebra, Osiris i, p. 263–277: "In a sense, Khwarizmi is more entitled to be called "the father of algebra" than Diophantus because Khwarizmi is the first to teach algebra in an elementary form and for its own sake, Diophantus is primarily concerned with the theory of numbers".
Susan B. Anthony	The Mother of Us All	, p.235: The Mother of Us All, opera by Virgil Thompson, libretto by Gertrude Stein.
Aristotle	scientific methodology	, p. 25: "Aristotle, unquestionably the father of scientific methodology, gives in his Posterior analytics such a remarkable account of how one ought to go about a scientific explanation that almost up to the nineteenth century, says Laudan in a somewhat extreme statement, 'philosophers of science were still working largely within the confines of the methodological problems discussed by Aristotle and his commentators.'"
Peter Artedi	ichthyology	, online at [link], p.390: "Far greater than either of these... was he who has been justly called the Father of Ichthyology, Petrus (Peter) Artedi (1705-35)."
Stephen F. Austin	Texas	, p.163: "Stephen F. Austin – the 'Father of Texas' – died of pneumonia at the age of forty-three..."
Cyrus Avery	Route 66	, p. 18, "Avery, though dubbed the 'Father of Route 66' by some, was a political appointee who also left office the next year."
B
Charles Babbage	computing
Mikhail Bakunin	anarchism
Aaron T. Beck	cognitive therapy	, p. 235: "In developing ways to do this, Beck became the father of cognitive therapy, one of the most important developments in psychotherapy in the last 50 years."
Vytautas Beliajus	international folk dance in the United States	http://www.phantomranch.net/folkdanc/teachers/beliajus_v.htm
Alexander Graham Bell	the telephone	, p.190: "Although Alexander Graham Bell is most famously remembered as the father of the telephone, the reality is that during the latter half of the 1800s dozens of minds were at work on the project of carrying voice over telegraph lines."
Edward Bernays	public relations	, p. 344-5: "...an explicit ideology was constructed justifying what was called... 'the engineering of consent' (Edward Bernays, founding father of the public relations industry in the United States)"
Buddy Bolden	jazz	, p. 5: "Anyone seriously interested in the history of music will hear many times that Buddy Bolden was the father of jazz, or that Jelly Roll Morton claimed he was the father of jazz (in 1902, in fact)..." See also Theodore August Metz, Jelly Roll Morton
C
Willis Carrier	air conditioning	http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa081797.htm
Raymond Carhart	audiology	, p. 2: ''the Father of Audiology himself, Raymond Carhart at Northwestern University...", p. 912: "Carhart notch: A decrease in the bone-conduction hearing at the 2000 Hz region of patients with otosclerosis first reported by and therefore named after the father of audiology, Raymond Carhart."
Henry Chadwick	baseball	"Henry Chadwick, Chad, The Father of Base Ball [sic]"; National Baseball Hall of Fame bio,[link]. Not a player, but a journalist and organizer, the Hall of Fame credits him as "inventor of the box score" and "author of the first rule-book.": "Henry Chadwick, the veteran journalist, upon whom the honored sobriquet of 'Father of Base Ball[sic]' rests so happily and well, appears in portraiture, and so well preserved in his physical manhood that his sixty-three years rest lightly upon his well timed life.""Matty" at Harvard; The New York Times, February 16, 1909, p. 7: "Charles H. Ebbets, Chairman of the Chadwick Monument Committee, has announced that the contract has been awarded for a suitable monument to be placed on the plot in Greenwood[sic] Cemetery where the remains of the late Henry Chadwick, 'the Father of Baseball,' repose."Collins, Glen (2004): "Ground as Hallowed as Cooperstown," The New York Times, April 1, 2004. (Article on baseball notables interred in the Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn) "Among the nearly 600,000 people buried there are no less than four pioneers who were accorded the title 'Father of Baseball' in the popular press: Henry Chadwick, Duncan Curry, William Tucker and William Wheaton....The memorial for Henry Chadwick bears a 'Father of Base Ball' inscription.... [Duncan] Curry, first president of the Knickerbocker Baseball Club, is immortalized with a monument that proudly dubs him 'Father of Baseball' because he headed the club that scholars say first codified many of the game's rules...."
Alan Cooper	Visual Basic	Cooper, Alan, [Why I am called "the Father of Visual Basic"] "Mitchell Waite called me the "father of Visual Basic" in the foreword to what I believe was the first book ever published for VB, called the Visual Basic How-To (now in its second edition, published by The Waite Group Press). I thought the appellation was an appropriate one, and frequently use the quoted phrase as my one-line biography."
Frank W. Cyr	the yellow school bus	[p. 30]}}: "The modern school bus began in a conference in 1939 called by Frank W. Cyr, the 'Father of the Yellow School' bus, who was a professor at Teachers College, Columbia University. At that meeting, Cyr urged the standardization of the school bus. Participants came up with the standard yellow color and some basic construction standards. Cyr had... found that children were riding in all sorts of vehicles—one district, he found, was painting their busses red, white, and blue to instill patriotism."
D
Louis Daguerre	photography	[p. 20], "Louis Jacques Monde Daguerre: The second father of photography is Daguerre..."
Lee De Forest	radio	(This book sold fewer than a thousand copies and is accordingly rare and expensive today)., p. 198: "the egotistical Lee De Forest who discovered, however unwittingly, the audion tube that allowed him to proclaim himself 'the father of radio'", p. 132: "De Forest, who was not a modest man, called himself the 'Father of Radio,' an epithet whose accuracy is debatable."
Richard Dorson	American folklore	Nichols, Amber M. [Richard M. Dorson]. Minnesota State University, Mankato eMuseum. URL accessed April 21 2006.
E
F
G
Hugo Gernsback	science fiction
H
Joseph HaydnAlso known as "Papa Haydn". \| the symphony and the string quartet	p.79: "For years, the name 'Papa Haydn' has characterized the composer." p.83: "It is not for nothing that he is called the Father of the Symphony. With equal justice he could be called the Father of the String Quartet, or the Father of Sonata Form."[Free eBook: ''The Pianoforte Sonata: Its Origin and Development," by J. S. Shedlock, B. A." (1895; Methuen and Company, London)] at Project Gutenberg "Haydn, for example, is called the father of the quartet; close investigation, however, would show that he was only a link, and certainly not the first one in a long evolution."
Herodotus	history	Cicero, De legibus I,5.
Theodor Herzl	Zionism	[Binyamin Ze-ev (Theodor) Herzl - Father of Zionism]
Earl "Fatha" Hines \| modern jazz piano	Pareles, Jon (1983): "Earl Hines Dead; Top Jazz Pianist—Redefined the Style in the 1920s Working with Armstrong—Later Led Major Band", The New York Times, April 23, 1983, p.10: "Earl (Fatha) Hines, the father of modern jazz piano, died yesterday in Oakland, Calif. after a heart attack."
Hipparchus	trigonometry	Dalvi, Dinanath Atmaran (1879): Aryan Trigonometry. The Theosophist, H. P. Blavatsky, editor, 1(1), October, 1879, Theosophical University Press Online Edition[link]: "Western mathematicians call Hipparchus, the Nicaean, the father of trigonometry, although they confessedly know nothing whatever about him beyond what they find in the works of his disciple Ptolemy. But Hipparchus is assigned to the 2nd century B. C., and we have the best reason in the world for knowing that trigonometry was known to the ancient Hindus, like many another science claimed by ignorant Western writers for Egypt, Greece, or Rome. These pretended authorities suggest that Hipparchus "probably employed mechanical contrivances for the construction of solid angles" (Art. Mathematics, New Am. Cyc. XI., 283)..."
Hippocrates	medicine	[Hippocrates], Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2006. Microsoft Corporation.
G. Evelyn Hutchinson	modern limnology	[G. Evelyn Hutchinson a.k.a. Father of modern limnology and the modern Darwin (1903-1991)]
I
Art Ingels	karting	http://www.vintagekarts.com/ingels.htm
J
K
L
Jack LaLanne	fitness	[Father of fitness, Jack La Lanne, turns 90], MSNBC, September 24, 2004. "He continues to live by his motto, 'I can't die, it would ruin my image!'"
Ivy Lee	public relations	, p. 391: "Ivy Lee, considered the father of public relations..."
Justus von Liebig	modern nutrition	, p.9: "Justus Von Liebig, the 'father of modern nutrition', developed the perfect infant food. It consisted of wheat flour, cow's milk, malt flour and bicarbonate of potash."
Carolus Linnaeus	taxonomy	, p.171: "No other naturalist has had as great a fame in his own lifetime as Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778), sometimes called the 'father of taxonomy.'"
Martin Luther	Protestantism (Lutheranism)	, p. 93: "Martin Luther (1483-1546) is generally identified as the father of Protestantism. While he was not the first to confront the authority of the Roman Catholic Church, it was he who crystallized the growing unrest and began what is known as the Protestant Reformation."
M
Bernarr Macfadden	physical culture	, p.270: "It delighted the heart of our old friend Bernarr Macfadden, 'the Father of Physical Culture,' when we told him how much athletic activity and good sportsmanship had to do with the rehabilitation of boys."
Abram Poindexter Maury Sr.	Franklin, Tennessee	http://www.tngenweb.org/tnletters/will-1-2.htm
Matthew Fontaine Maury	modern naval oceanography and meteorology	Lewis, Charles Lee, associate professor of the United States Naval Academy: Pathfinder of the Seas (book).
Theodore August Metz	jazz	"Theatrical Notes," The New York Times, April 26, 1932, p.25: "Theodore August Metz, who is often called the father of jazz and is the composer of the song 'There'll Be A Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight,' is scheduled to attend a reception backstage at Loew's State Theatre...'" See also Buddy Bolden, Jelly Roll Morton.
Dick Morley	programmable logic controller	http://www.ccontrols.com/pdf/Extv4n2.pdf
Jelly Roll Morton	jazz	, p.62: "Morton, a pool shark, composer, piano player and part-time pimp, called by many the Father of Jazz...". See also Buddy Bolden, Theodore August Metz
Muhammad	Islam	See "Muhammad (prophet)" at [Microsoft® Encarta® Online]
Angel Munoz	e-sports	[Angel Munoz, CPL Founder and President]
N
Nicéphore Niépce	photography	[p. 17], "The first father of photography was Nicéphore Niépce...."
O
Robert Oppenheimer	the atomic bomb	http://history1900s.about.com/cs/robertoppenheimer/p/oppenheimer.htm
P
Frank Pantridge	emergency medicine	UK Daily Telegraph obituary 12/29/2004.
Q
R
Ma Rainey	the blues	, p. 10, "Years later, as a Paramount recording star, Ma Rainey would be touted as 'the Mother of the Blues,' a title no doubt dreamed up by some press agent, but generally true in historical terms."
Hyman G. Rickover	the "atomic" submarine and "nuclear navy"	, p.162: "'Admiral Rickover', said Powell, '"father of the atomic submarine", is a a great naval officer... It is not equally clear that he is a careful and thorough student of American education.'" "Submarine Range Called Unlimited; Rickover Says Atomic Craft Can Cruise Under Ice To North Pole and Beyond," The New York Times, December 6, 1957, p.33: "The admiral, who is often called the 'Father of the Atomic Submarine'..." ,p. 217: "Chet Holifield... member of the JCAE... said 'Of all the men I dealt with in public service, at least one will go down in history: Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, the father of the nuclear Navy.'"
Ernest Rutherford \| nuclear physics	, title
S
Italo Santelli	modern sabre fencing	[Santelli bio] including several references backing up the statement, including a quote from Dr. William Gaugler Dec. 1997: "I am, in fact, only two generations removed from the 'father of modern sabre' [referring to Santelli]".
Thomas Say	entomology in North America	, [p. 11]
Hubertus Strughold	space medicine	, p.6: "After Wernher von Braun, he was the top Nazi scientist employed by the American government, and he was subsequently hailed by NASA as the 'father of space medicine'". See also Harry Armstrong.
Leó Szilárd	the atomic bomb	Bernstein, Barton J: "Introduction" to The Voice of the Dolphins and Other Stories (expanded edition), by Leo Szilard. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992, p.5: "Its author, Leo Szilard, now dead nearly three decades, was a Hunganian émigré scientist and one of many putative fathers of the A-bomb."
T
William Henry Fox Talbot	photography	, [p. 116]: cites book title: "A. H. Booth: William Henry Fox Talbot: father of photography, 1965"
Edward Teller	the hydrogen bomb	"'Father of H-Bomb' Agrees to Rally Scientific Talent." The New York Times, December 31, 1965, p.19. Story opens: "Albany, Dec. 30—Governor Rockefeller will make an intensified attack on air pollution with the help of Dr. Edward Teller, the 'father of the hydrogen bomb.'"
LaMarcus Adna Thompson	"gravity" (the rollercoaster)	Lindsay, David: "Terror Bound", American Heritage 49(5), September, 1998 [link] "Thompson was an unlikely candidate for the title show people bestowed on him: the father of gravity.
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Alice Waters	California cuisine	"Food joins academic menu in Berkeley school district credits, not calories -- Chez Panisse founder cooks up new 'core curriculum'", San Francisco Chronicle, 29th August 2004 [link] "But this is Alice Waters, food visionary. The mother of California cuisine..."
John B. Watson	Behaviorism	[Wozniak, R. H. (1997)]. "Behaviorism," In Bringmann, W.G., Luck, H.E., Miller, R., & Early, C.E. (Eds.). A Pictorial History of Psychology. Chicago: Quintessence. "To later generations of psychologists... Watson would become known as the 'father of behaviorism'."
Thomas Wedgwood	photography	[p. 30] "Robert Hall, the divine, was addicted [to opium], as was Thomas Wedgwood, the father of photography."
John Wesley	Methodism	General Board of Discipleship of the United Methodist Church, A List of Books and Other Resources About John Wesley [link], "John Wesley, the Father of Methodism..."
Norbert Wiener	cybernetics	, p. 55: "It is probably not an accident that the 'father of cybernetics,' Norbert Wiener, ..." (Wiener is credited with coining the term in its common modern usage)
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Mike Yurosek	baby carrot	http://www.usatoday.com/life/lifestyle/2004-08-11-baby-carrot_x.htm
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Footnotes

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