List of rulers of Monaco
Encyclopedia : L : LI : LIS : List of rulers of Monaco
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Lords of Monaco
| Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| François Grimaldi | January 8, 12971 | Though François seized the Rock, he was never ruler of Monaco. |
| Rainier I, Lord of Cagnes | January 8, 1297 – April 10, 1301 | François's cousin1 |
| Under Genoese control from April 10, 1301 to September 12, 1331 | ||
| Lords of Monaco (French: Seigneurs de Monaco) | ||
| Charles I | September 12, 1331 – August 15, 1357 | Joint rulers from June 29, 1352 to August 15, 1357 |
| Antonio | June 29, 1352 – August 15, 1357 | |
| Rainier II | June 29, 1352 – August 15, 1357 | |
| Gabriel | June 29, 1352 – August 15, 1357 | |
| Under Genoese control from August 15, 1357 to January 1395 | ||
| Louis | January 1395 – December 19, 1395 | First of two reigns2; jointly with Jean I |
| Jean I | January 1395 – December 19, 1395 | First of three reigns3; jointly with Louis |
| Under Genoese control from December 19, 1395 to May 11, 1397 | ||
| Louis | May 11, 1397 – November 5, 1402 | Second of two reigns |
| Under Genoese control from November 5, 1402 to June 5, 1419 | ||
| Ambroise of Menton | June 5, 1419 – 1427 | Jointly with Antonie and Jean I |
| Antonie of Roquebrune | June 5, 1419 – 1427 | Jointly with Ambroise and Jean I |
| Jean I | June 5, 1419 – October 3, 1436 | Second of three reigns3; jointly with Ambroise and Antonie |
| Occupied by the Duchy of Milan under the governorship of Blaise Assereto from October 3, 1436 to November 1436 | ||
| Jean I | November 1436 – May 8, 1454 | Third of three reigns |
| Catalan of Monaco | May 8, 1454 – July 1457 | |
| Claudine | July 1457 – March 16, 1458 | |
| Pomelline Fregoso | July 1457 – March 16, 1458 | Regent for Lady Claudine |
| Lambert | March 16, 1458 – March 1494 | |
| Jean II | March 1494 – October 11, 1505 | |
| Lucien | October 11, 1505 – August 22, 1523 | |
| Honoré I | August 22, 1523 – October 7, 1581 | |
| Augustine Grimaldi | August 22, 1523 – April 14, 1532 | Regent for Honoré I |
| Nicholas Grimaldi | April 14, 1532 – April 23, 1532 | Regent for Honoré I |
| Étienne Grimaldi | April 23, 1532 – December 16 1540 | Regent for Honoré I |
| Charles II | October 7, 1581 – May 17, 1589 | |
| Hercule | May 17, 1589 – November 29, 1604 | |
| Honoré II | November 29, 1604 – January 10, 1662 | Though he started his rule as Lord of Monaco, Honoré II later became the first Prince of Monaco4. |
| Prince Francis Landi of Valdetare | November 29, 1604 – 1616 | Regent for Honoré II |
Princes of Monaco
| Name | Reign | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Princes of Monaco (French: Princes de Monaco) | ||
| Honoré II | November 29, 1604 – January 10, 1662 | Though he started his rule as the last Lord of Monaco, Honoré II later became Prince of Monaco4. |
| Louis I | January 10, 1662 – January 2, 1701 | Louis I is not to be confused with Louis, an earlier Lord of Monaco2. |
| Antoine I | January 2, 1701 – February 20, 1731 | |
| Louise-Hippolyte | February 26, 1731 – December 29 1731 | |
| Jacques I | February 20, 1731 – December 31, 1731 | Regent for Louise-Hippolyte until her death |
| Jacques I | December 31, 1731 – November 7, 1733 | |
| Honoré III | November 7, 1733 – January 19, 1793 | |
| Ruled by an elected National Convention and its president Joseph Barriera from January 19, 1793 – February 24, 1793 | ||
| Annexed by France on February 14, 1793; under French occupation until June 17, 1814 | ||
| Armand Louis de Gontant | February 24, 1793 – March 1 1793 | French commandant |
| Henri Grégoire | ? – ? | French commissioner |
| Grégoire Marie Jagot | ? – ? | French commissioner |
| Under allied occupation from May 17, 1814 to June 17, 1814 | ||
| Honoré IV | May 30, 1814 – February 16, 1819 | |
| Joseph Marie Jerôme Honoré Grimaldi, | June 17, 1814 – June 23, 1814 | Regent for Honoré IV |
| The State Council of Monaco, consisting of Louis Millo-Terrazzani, Horace Pretti de Saint-Ambroise, Antoine Sigaldi, Joseph Rey, and Honoré Albini, ruled on behalf of Honoré IV from June 23, 1814 to March 4, 1819. | ||
| Honoré Grimaldi | March 3, 1815 – February 16, 1819 | Regent for his father Honoré IV in his old age; became Honoré V upon his father's death |
| Honoré V | February 16 1819 – October 2, 1841 | |
| Florestan I | October 2, 1841 – June 20, 1856 | |
| Charles III | June 20, 1856 – September 10, 1889 | |
| Albert I | September 10, 1889 – June 26, 1922 | |
| Louis II | June 26, 1922 – May 9, 1949 | |
| Rainier III | May 9, 1949 – April 6, 2005 | |
| Prince Albert, Marquis of Baux | March 31, 2005 – April 6 2005 | Regent for his elderly and incapacitated father Rainier III; became Albert II on Rainier's death |
| Albert II | April 6, 2005 – Present | |
Notes
| History of Monaco |
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Rock of Monaco House of Grimaldi List of rulers Franco-Monegasque Treaty |
- François Grimaldi is often cited as the principality's first ruler, though he was simply the leader of the group which seized the Rock of Monaco on 8 January 1297. François's cousin Rainier I, Lord of Cagnes, was, in fact, the first sovereign Grimaldi ruler of the area now known as Monaco. His successor Charles I, who retook the Rock after thirty years of Genoese rule, was the first true Lord of Monaco, and is thus widely considered the founder of the dynasty.
- Three men named Louis have ruled Monaco: Louis, Lord of Monaco, twice in the 1390s and early 1400s; Prince Louis I from 1662 to 1701; and Prince Louis II from 1922 to 1949.
- Jean I ruled or co-ruled for three separate periods. During the second, after the death of his co-ruler Antonie and the abdication of Ambroise in 1427, he continued as sole ruler, thus assuming a Roman numeral I in later historical texts.
- Starting in 1612, Honoré II was the first Monegasque ruler to add the personal style of Prince to his former title, Lord of Monaco; this became official when Philip IV of Spain recognized Monaco as a principality in 1633. It may be added that, through possession of territories in Italy, the Grimaldi rulers of Monaco were already entitled to the designation of prince, in a personal capacity.
See also
References
- Burke's Royal Families of the World, Vol. 1: Europe and Latin America. London: Burke's Publishing Co., 1977. ISBN 0850110297.
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