List of solar system objects by mass
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This is a list of solar system objects by mass, in decreasing order. This list is incomplete because the masses of many minor planets are not accurately known.
The ordering is not the same as the order of a list of solar system objects by radius because some objects are denser than others. For instance Neptune is more massive than Uranus despite being smaller, and Mercury is much more massive than Ganymede and Titan despite being smaller.
Satellites have been designated by an asterisk.
Yottagram range
Objects of mass greater than 1 Yottagram (Yg). Even the least massive of these approximate spheres. A new trans-Neptunian object 2003 UB313 is larger than Pluto but has a mass that has not yet been determined (a ballpark estimate is shown).
| Rank | Name | Image | Mass in Yg | Mass in kg | Type of object |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar System | 2,019,390,000 Yg | (2.0194 × 1030 kg)† | |||
| 1 | Sun |  | 1,989,100,000 Yg | (1.9891 × 1030 kg) | star |
| 2 | Jupiter |  | 1,899,000 Yg | (1.899 × 1027 kg) | 5th planet |
| 3 | Saturn |  | 568,460 Yg | (5.6846 × 1026 kg) | 6th planet |
| 4 | Neptune |  | 102,430 Yg | (1.0243 × 1026 kg) | 8th planet |
| 5 | Uranus |  | 86,832 Yg | (8.6832 × 1025 kg) | 7th planet |
| 6 | Earth |  | 5,973.6 Yg | (5.9736 × 1024 kg) | 3rd planet |
| 7 | Venus |  | 4,868.5 Yg | (4.8685 × 1024 kg) | 2nd planet |
| 8 | Mars |  | 641.85 Yg | (6.4185 × 1023 kg) | 4th planet |
| 9 | Mercury |  | 330.02 Yg | (3.302 × 1023 kg) | 1st planet |
| 10 | * Ganymede |  | 148.2 Yg | (1.482 × 1023 kg) | satellite of Jupiter |
| 11 | * Titan |  | 134.5 Yg | (1.345 × 1023 kg) | satellite of Saturn |
| 12 | * Callisto |  | 107.6 Yg | (1.076 × 1023 kg) | satellite of Jupiter |
| 13 | * Io |  | 89.4 Yg | (8.94 × 1022 kg) | satellite of Jupiter |
| 14 | * Moon |  | 73.5 Yg | (7.349 × 1022 kg) | satellite of Earth |
| 15 | * Europa |  | 48.0 Yg | (4.80 × 1022 kg) | satellite of Jupiter |
| 16 | * Triton |
| 21.5 Yg | (2.147 × 1022 kg) | satellite of Neptune |
| 17 | 2003 UB313 |  | ~15 Yg | (1.5 × 1022 kg)†† | TNO |
| 18 | Pluto |  | 12.9 Yg | (1.29 × 1022 ± 10% kg) | 9th planet |
| 19 | 2003 EL61 | 4.2 Yg | (4.21 ± 0.1 × 1021 kg) | Kuiper belt object | |
| 20 | * Titania |  | 3.5 Yg | (3.526 × 1021 kg) | satellite of Uranus |
| 21 | * Oberon |  | 3.0 Yg | (3.014 × 1021 kg) | satellite of Uranus |
| 22 | 90377 Sedna | ~3 Yg | (3 × 1021 kg?) | TNO | |
| 23 | * Rhea |
| 2.3 Yg | (2.3166 × 1021 kg) | satellite of Saturn |
| 24 | 50000 Quaoar | ~2 Yg | (2 × 1021 kg?) | TNO | |
| 25 | * Iapetus |  | 2.0 Yg | (1.9739 × 1021 kg) | satellite of Saturn |
| 26 | * Charon |  | 1.6 Yg | (1.58 × 1021 ± 10% kg) | satellite of Pluto |
| 27 | * Ariel |
| 1.4 Yg | (1.35 × 1021 kg) | satellite of Uranus |
| 28 | * Umbriel |
| 1.2 Yg | (1.2 × 1021 kg) | satellite of Uranus |
| 29 | * Dione |  | 1.1 Yg | (1.096 × 1021 kg) | satellite of Saturn |
† Known mass. †† Very rough estimate based on a diameter of 2400 km and composition similar to that of Pluto.
Note: Leading asterisks (*) mark satellites.
Zettagram range
Objects of mass between 1 Zg and 1000 Zg. The larger objects in this range, such as Tethys, 1 Ceres, and Mimas, have relaxed to an equilibrium oblate spheroid due to their gravity, while the less massive (e. g. Amalthea and Janus) are roughly rounded, but not spherical, dubbed "irregular". All the spheroidal bodies have some polar flattening due to the centrifugal force from their rotation, but a characteristic feature of the "irregular"-shaped bodies is that there is a significant difference in the length of their two equatorial diameters.
- It has been suggested that trans-Neptunian objects be cut off around 1020 kg (see ).
| Name | Image | Mass in kg | Type of object | Shape |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Ceres |  | (9.5 × 1020 kg) | asteroid | oblate spheroid |
| 90482 Orcus | (~6.2 × 1020 kg) | TNO | unknown | |
| * Tethys |  | (6.176 × 1020 kg) | satellite of Saturn | oblate spheroid |
| 20000 Varuna | (~5.9 × 1020 kg) | TNO | unknown | |
| 4 Vesta |  | (2.7 × 1020 kg) | asteroid | oblate spheroid |
| 15874 1996 TL66 | (~2.6 × 1020 kg) | SDO | unknown | |
| 2 Pallas | (2.2 × 1020 kg) | asteroid | irregular | |
| * Enceladus |  | (1.08 × 1020 kg) | satellite of Saturn | oblate spheroid |
| 10 Hygiea | (9.0 × 1019 kg) | asteroid | irregular | |
| 704 Interamnia | (7 × 1019 kg) | asteroid | irregular | |
| * Miranda |  | (6.59 × 1019 kg) | satellite of Uranus | oblate spheroid |
| * Proteus |
| (5 × 1019 kg) | satellite of Neptune | irregular |
| 52 Europa | (~5 × 1019 kg) | asteroid | irregular | |
| * Mimas |  | (3.84 × 1019 kg) | satellite of Saturn | oblate spheroid |
| 511 Davida |  | (3.6 × 1019 kg) | asteroid | irregular |
| * Nereid |  | (3.1 × 1019 kg) | satellite of Neptune | irregular |
| 15 Eunomia | (3.3 × 1019 kg) | asteroid | irregular | |
| 3 Juno | (3.0 × 1019 kg) | asteroid | irregular | |
| 16 Psyche | (~1.7 × 1019 kg) | asteroid | irregular | |
| 6 Hebe | (~1.4 × 1019 kg) | asteroid | irregular | |
| 624 Hektor | (~1.4 × 1019 kg) | asteroid | irregular | |
| 87 Sylvia | (1.1 × 1019 kg) | asteroid | irregular | |
| * Hyperion |  | (1.08 × 1019 kg) | satellite of Saturn | irregular |
| 7 Iris | (1.0 × 1019 kg) | asteroid | irregular | |
| 324 Bamberga | (1.0 × 1019 kg) | asteroid | unknown | |
| 9 Metis | (~9 × 1018 kg) | asteroid | irregular | |
| * Elara | (8.7 × 1018 kg) | satellite of Jupiter | irregular | |
| * Phoebe |  | (8.3 × 1018 kg) | satellite of Saturn | irregular |
| * Amalthea |  | (7.43 × 1018 kg) | satellite of Jupiter | irregular |
| 22 Kalliope | (7.37 × 1018 kg) | asteroid | irregular | |
| * Himalia |  | (6.74 × 1018 kg) | satellite of Jupiter | irregular |
| 45 Eugenia | (6.07 × 1018 kg) | asteroid | irregular | |
| * Sycorax | (~5.4 × 1018 kg) | satellite of Uranus | irregular | |
| 20 Massalia | (5.2 × 1018 kg) | asteroid | irregular | |
| * Larissa |  | (~4.9 × 1018 kg) | satellite of Neptune | irregular |
| 8 Flora | (~3.6 × 1018 kg) | asteroid | irregular | |
| 85 Io | (~3.4 × 1018 kg) | asteroid | irregular | |
| * Puck |
| (~2.9 × 1018 kg) | satellite of Uranus | irregular |
| 2060 Chiron | (~2.7 × 1018 kg) | centaur | irregular | |
| 5 Astraea | (~2.4 × 1018 kg) | asteroid | irregular | |
| * Galatea |  | (2.12 × 1018 kg) | satellite of Neptune | irregular |
| * Despina |  | (~2.1 × 1018 kg) | satellite of Neptune | irregular |
| * Janus |  | (1.98 × 1018 kg) | satellite of Saturn | irregular |
| * Portia | (~1.7 × 1018 kg) | satellite of Uranus | irregular | |
| 141 Lumen | (~1.6 × 1018 kg) | asteroid | ||
| * Thebe |  | (1.5 × 1018 kg) | satellite of Jupiter | irregular |
| 140 Siwa | (~1.5 × 1018 kg) | asteroid | irregular | |
| 159 Aemilia | (~1.4 × 1018 kg) | asteroid | ||
| 21 Lutetia | (~1.3 × 1018 kg) | asteroid | irregular | |
| 100 Hekate | (~1.0 × 1018 kg) | asteroid |
Exagram range
Objects of mass between 1 Eg and 1000 Eg. These objects are not spherical.
- Only unusually notable asteroids (e.g. visited by spacecraft, imaged by radar, mass precisely known, otherwise peculiar) should be listed in this section
| Name | Image | Mass in kg | Type of object |
|---|---|---|---|
| * Caliban | (~7.4 × 1017 kg) | satellite of Uranus | |
| * Juliet | (~5.6 × 1017 kg) | satellite of Uranus | |
| * Epimetheus |  | (5.35 × 1017 kg) | satellite of Saturn |
| * Belinda | (~3.6 × 1017 kg) | satellite of Uranus | |
| * Thalassa | (~3.5 × 1017 kg) | satellite of Neptune | |
| * Cressida | (~3.4 × 1017 kg) | satellite of Uranus | |
| * Prometheus |  | (3.3 × 1017 kg) | satellite of Saturn |
| * Pasiphaë | (3.0 × 1017 kg) | satellite of Jupiter | |
| * Rosalind | (~2.5 × 1017 kg) | satellite of Uranus | |
| * Pandora |  | (1.94 × 1017 kg) | satellite of Saturn |
| * Naiad |  | (~1.9 × 1017 kg) | satellite of Neptune |
| * Desdemona | (~1.8 × 1017 kg) | satellite of Uranus | |
| * Carme | (1.3 × 1017 kg) | satellite of Jupiter | |
| 253 Mathilde |
| (1.033 × 1017 kg) | asteroid |
| * Metis |  | (9.5467 × 1016 kg) | satellite of Jupiter |
| * Bianca | (~9.2 × 1016 kg) | satellite of Uranus | |
| * Sinope | (7.6 × 1016 kg) | satellite of Jupiter | |
| * Hydra | (~7 × 1016 kg) | satellite of Pluto | |
| * Nix | (~7 × 1016 kg) | satellite of Pluto | |
| * Lysithea | (6.3 × 1016 kg) | satellite of Jupiter | |
| * Linus | (~6 × 1016 kg) | satellite of 22 Kalliope | |
| * Ophelia | (~5.4 × 1016 kg) | satellite of Uranus | |
| * Cordelia | (~4.4 × 1016 kg) | satellite of Uranus | |
| 243 Ida |  | 4.2 × 1016 kg | asteroid |
| * Ananke | (3.82 × 1016 kg) | satellite of Jupiter | |
| * Francisco | (~2.1 × 1016 kg) | satellite of Uranus | |
| * Setebos | (~2.1 × 1016 kg) | satellite of Uranus | |
| * Adrastea |  | (1.8894 × 1016 kg) | satellite of Jupiter |
| * Psamathe | (~1.5 × 1017 kg) | satellite of Neptune | |
| * Perdita | (~1.3 × 1016 kg) | satellite of Uranus | |
| * Atlas |  | (1.1 × 1016 kg) | satellite of Saturn |
| * Leda | (1.09 × 1016 kg) | satellite of Jupiter | |
| * Phobos |  | (1.08 × 1016 kg) | satellite of Mars |
| * Mab | (~1.0 × 1016 kg) | satellite of Uranus | |
| 2685 Masursky | (0.5–1.1 × 1016 kg) | asteroid | |
| 433 Eros |  | (7.2 × 1015 kg) | asteroid |
| * Stephano | (~6.0 × 1015 kg) | satellite of Uranus | |
| * Cupid | (~3.8 × 1015 kg) | satellite of Uranus | |
| * Pan |  | (2.7 × 1015 kg) | satellite of Saturn |
| 951 Gaspra |  | (2–3 × 1015 kg) | asteroid |
| * Deimos |  | (2.2 × 1015 kg) | satellite of Mars |
| * Francisco | (~1.4 × 1015 kg) | satellite of Uranus | |
| * Ferdinand | (~1.3 × 1015 kg) | satellite of Uranus | |
| * Margaret | (~1.0 × 1015 kg) | satellite of Uranus |
Petagram range
Objects of mass less than 1 Eg. Only the largest near-Earth asteroids should be listed in this section, as of unusual interest for their nearness. (See also: list of NEAs by distance from Sun.) Other NEOs that are not asteroids (e. g. inner-solar-system comets) are almost always less massive than 1 Pg.
| Name | Mass in kg |
|---|---|
| 1862 Apollo | (5.1 × 1012 kg) |
| 4179 Toutatis | (5.0 × 1013 kg) |
| 1566 Icarus | (2.9 × 1012 kg) |
| 1620 Geographos | (2.6 × 1012 kg) |
| 2062 Aten | (7.6 × 1011 kg) |
| 4769 Castalia | (5.0 × 1011 kg) |
Omissions
Many of these values were taken directly from the appropriate Wikipedia article. Some were taken from the [Planetary Fact Sheets]. The mass of 20000 Varuna was estimated based on values given at [link] for its diameter and density. Several large objects (such as 31 Euphrosyne, 65 Cybele, 2005 FY9, and 28978 Ixion) are not listed because their masses are not yet given on their main articles. 2003 UB313 has been given an estimate based on its size and composition.
See also
- List of solar system objects by radius
- List of solar system objects
- List of noteworthy asteroids
- Definition of planet
- Mesoplanet
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