List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations

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This is a list of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations.

An ocular manifestation of a systemic disease is an eye condition that directly or indirectly results from a disease process another part of the body. There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes, for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20-74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}. Other diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and hypertension are commonly found to have associated ocular symptoms.

Contents

Systemic allergic diseases

Skin and mucous membrane diseases

Acne rosacea
Albinism
Atopic dermatitis
Behçet's disease
Cicatricial pemphigoid
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Epidermolysis bullosa
Erythema multiforme
Goltz-Gorlin syndrome
Ichthyosis
Incontinentia pigmenti
Nevus of Ota
Pemphigus
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Psoriasis
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (Erythema multiforme major)
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
Xeroderma pigmentosum

Phacomatoses

Angiomatosis retinae (Von Hippel-Lindau disease) (Retinocerebellar Capillary Hemangiomatosis)
Ataxia telangiectasia (Louis-Bar syndrome)
Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis (Sturge-Weber syndrome) (Encephalofacial Cavernous Hemangiomatosis)
Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease)
Tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville's syndrome)
Wyburn-Mason syndrome (Racemose Hemangiomatosis)

Collagen diseases

Ankylosing spondylitis
Dermatomyositis
Periarteritis nodosa
Reiter's syndrome
Rheumatoid arthritis
Sarcoidosis
Scleroderma
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Temporal arteritis
Wegener's granulomatosis (50-60% have ophthalmologic manifestations, which can be a presenting feature in a minority of patients. Orbital disease is the most common manifestation, and may result in proptosis, restrictive ophthalmopathy, chronic orbital pain, and in chronic cases, orbital retraction syndrome and intractable socket pain. Wegener's may also cause injury to the optic nerve, ophthalmoplegia, conjunctivitis, keratitis, scleritis, episcleritis, dacrocystitis, nasolacrimnal duct obstruction, dacroadenitis, uveitis, and retinal vasculitis.

Systemic viral infections

Varicella (chickenpox)
Rubeola (measles)
Rubella (German measles)
Variola (smallpox)
Vaccinia
Herpes simplex
Herpes zoster
Mumps
Infectious mononucleosis
Influenza
Cytomegalic inclusion disease
Pharyngoconjunctival fever (adenovirus 3)
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (adenovirus 8)
Human immunodeficiency virus (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

Systemic bacterial infections

Gonorrhea (ophthalmia neonatorum)
Brucellosis
Diphtheria
Lyme disease
Septicemia bacterial metastatic endophthalmitis
Tularemia
Leprosy (Hansen's disease)
Tuberculosis
Syphilis

Systemic protozoal infections

Lymphogranuloma venereum (chlamydial)
Inclusion conjunctivitis (chlamydial)
Malaria
Toxoplasmosis

Systemic fungal infections

Candida albicans
Histoplasmosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Cryptococcus
Metastatic fungal endophthalmitis
Actinomyces
Streptothrix

Systemic cestode and nematode infections

Chromosomal disorders

Cri-du chat syndrome
Schmid-Fraccaro syndrome
Turner's syndrome
Ring-D chromosome
Monosomy-G syndrome
Trisomy 13 (Patau's syndrome, D-syndrome)
Trisomy 18 (Edwards' syndrome, E-syndrome)
Trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome, mongolism)
Deletion of long arm of chromosome 18
Deletion of chromosome 18

Hematologic diseases

Cardiovascular diseases

Cardiovascular diseases

*Arteriosclerosis

*Hypertension

*Pre-eclampsia (Toxemia of pregnancy)

Occlusive vascular disease (sudden)

*Emboli and thrombi

*Central retinal artery occlusion

*Cardiac myxoma

*Cranial arteritis

*Sickle cell attack

Occlusive vascular disease (slow, progressive)

*Carotid artery disease

*Arterial spasm (TIA)

*Diabetes mellitus

*Collagen diseases

Venous occlusive disease

*Thrombosis

*Oral contraceptive use

Endocarditis

Myxoma

Aortic arch syndrome (Takayasu)

Pre-eclampsia (Toxemia of pregnancy)

Thromboangiitis obliternas

Hereditary telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome)

Endocrine diseases

Gastrointestinal and nutritional disorders

Alcoholism
Liver disease
Malnutrition
Peptic ulcer disease
Pancreatic disease
Reginal enteritis or ulcerative colitis
Vitamin A deficiency
Vitamin B deficiency
Vitamin C deficiency
Hypervitaminosis A, B, and D
Whipple's disease

Metabolic disorders

Musculoskeletal disease

Albright's disease (fibrous dysplasia of bone)
Apert's disease
Conradi's syndrome
Craniofacial syndromes
Facial deformity syndromes
Muscular dystrophy disorders
Myasthenia gravis
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Paget's disease

Pulmonary diseases

Asthma
Bronchiogenic carcinoma
Bronchiectasis
Cystic fibrosis of the pancreas
Emphysema
Pneumonias
Tuberculosis

Renal disease

Alport's syndrome
Azotemia (acute and chronic pyelonephritis)
Lowe's syndrome
Medullary cystic disease
Nephrotic syndrome (acute glomerulonephritis, diabetic kidney, system lupus erythematosus)
Renal transplantation
Wilm's tumor (nephroblastoma)

Neoplastic diseases with ocular metastases

Carcinoma and sites of primary lesions
Blood

*Ovary or cervix

*Testis or prostate

References

Pavan-Langston, Deborah (1990). Manual of Ocular Diagnosis and Therapy. Little, Brown and Company.

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