List of war crimes

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This article lists and summarizes War Crimes committed since the Hague Conventions of 1907. In addition, those incidents which have been judged in a court of law to be Crimes Against Peace and Crimes against Humanity that have been committed since these crimes were first defined (in the London Charter, August 8, 1945) are also included.This list is a work in progress and is not complete

Since many war crimes are not ultimately prosecuted (due to lack of political will, lack of effective procedures, or other practical and political reasons), historians and lawyers will often make a serious case that war crimes occurred, even if there was no formal investigations or prosecution of the alleged crimes or an investigation cleared the alleged perpetrators.

War crimes under international law were firmly established by the 1945 Nuremberg Major War Crimes Trials, in which German leaders were prosecuted for war crimes committed during World War II. For purpose of selectivity, only war crimes since the customary laws of war were clarified in the Hague Conventions of 1907 are included, because in the judgement at the Major War Crimes Trial in Nuremberg in 1945, it was stated that "by 1939 these rules laid down in the Hague Convention of 1907 were recognised by all civilised nations, and were regarded as being declaratory of the laws and customs of war".[Jugement: The Law Relating to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity]

Contents

1 World War I

1.0.1 German perpetrated crimes

1.1 Turkish perpetrated crimes

2 1935-1936: Second Italo-Abyssinian War

3 1937-1945: Second Sino-Japanese War

4 1939-1945 World War II

World War I

German perpetrated crimes

Incident	type of crime	Persons responsible	Notes
World War I	War of aggression	Government of the German Empire and people of Germany	Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles (the 'war guilt' clause) held Germany solely responsible for waging a war of aggression, and thus for all 'loss and damage' suffered by the Allies during the war and provided the basis for reparations. It was widely seen as victor's justice and unfair in Germany, and resentment against this judgement helped fuel World War II^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}.

Turkish perpetrated crimes

Incident type of crime Persons responsible Notes
Armenian Genocide 1915 [Affirmation of the United States Record on the Armenian Genocide Resolution (Introduced in House of Representatives)] 109th Congress, 1st Session, [H.RES.316], June 14, 2005. 15 September 2005 House Committee/Subcommittee:International Relations actions. Status: Ordered to be Reported by the Yeas and Nays: 40 - 7.

Crimes against humanity (so called in a joint statement issued by the major Allied powers in 1915)

The post-World War I Turkish Government indicted the top leaders involved and the officials of the Young Turk Regime were tried and convicted, as charged, for organizing and executing massacres against the Armenian people. The chief organizers were the Minister of War Enver, the Minister of the Interior Talaat, and the Minister of the Navy Jemal were all condemned to death for their crimes, however, the verdicts of the courts were not enforced. On 15 September 2005 an United States Congressional resolution stated that "The Armenian Genocide was conceived and carried out by the Ottoman Empire from 1915 to 1923, resulting in the deportation of nearly 2,000,000 Armenians, of whom 1,500,000 men, women, and children were killed, 500,000 survivors were expelled from their homes, and which succeeded in the elimination of the over 2,500-year presence of Armenians in their historic homeland."

Incident	type of crime	Persons responsible	Notes
Armenian Genocide 1915 [Affirmation of the United States Record on the Armenian Genocide Resolution (Introduced in House of Representatives)] 109th Congress, 1st Session, [H.RES.316], June 14, 2005. 15 September 2005 House Committee/Subcommittee:International Relations actions. Status: Ordered to be Reported by the Yeas and Nays: 40 - 7.	Crimes against humanity (so called in a joint statement issued by the major Allied powers in 1915)	The post-World War I Turkish Government indicted the top leaders involved and the officials of the Young Turk Regime were tried and convicted, as charged, for organizing and executing massacres against the Armenian people. The chief organizers were the Minister of War Enver, the Minister of the Interior Talaat, and the Minister of the Navy Jemal were all condemned to death for their crimes, however, the verdicts of the courts were not enforced.	On 15 September 2005 an United States Congressional resolution stated that "The Armenian Genocide was conceived and carried out by the Ottoman Empire from 1915 to 1923, resulting in the deportation of nearly 2,000,000 Armenians, of whom 1,500,000 men, women, and children were killed, 500,000 survivors were expelled from their homes, and which succeeded in the elimination of the over 2,500-year presence of Armenians in their historic homeland."

1935-1936: Second Italo-Abyssinian War

Armed conflict perpetrator
Second Italo-Abyssinian War Italy
Incident type of crime Persons responsibe Notes
Italian use of mustard gas against enemy soldiers and civilians. Contravention of the 1925 Geneva Protocol^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}. Top commanding officer Gen. Pietro Badoglio indicted but never tried in court^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}. Invasion of Ethiopia and Somalia by Italy under Benito Mussolini.

Armed conflict	perpetrator
Second Italo-Abyssinian War	Italy
Incident	type of crime	Persons responsibe	Notes
Italian use of mustard gas against enemy soldiers and civilians.	Contravention of the 1925 Geneva Protocol^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}.	Top commanding officer Gen. Pietro Badoglio indicted but never tried in court^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}.	Invasion of Ethiopia and Somalia by Italy under Benito Mussolini.

1937-1945: Second Sino-Japanese War

This section includes war crimes until 8 December 1942 when China declared war on Japan so entering World War II. For war crimes after this date see the section called World War II: Japan perpetrated crimes.

Armed conflict perpetrator
Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) Japan
Incident type of crime Persons responsibe Notes
Nanjing MassacreReferences in the article, China, 1937-38 Mass murder of civilian population, rape, looting General Asaka Yasuhiko, commander, Japanese Shanghai Expeditionary Force, Imperial Japanese Army. General Iwane Matsui, Commanding general of Japanese forces in China, Imperial Japanese Army. Minister of War Hideki Tojo. Debate still is ongoing as to the culpability of Emperor Hirohito in the events. After the Battle of Nanking, on 13 December, 1937, Japanese entered the city virtually resistance free. From then for a period of about 6 weeks after, until early February 1938, widespread war crimes were committed including mass rape, looting, arson, the killing of civilians and prisoners of war.

Armed conflict	perpetrator
Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)	Japan
Incident	type of crime	Persons responsibe	Notes
Nanjing MassacreReferences in the article, China, 1937-38	Mass murder of civilian population, rape, looting	General Asaka Yasuhiko, commander, Japanese Shanghai Expeditionary Force, Imperial Japanese Army. General Iwane Matsui, Commanding general of Japanese forces in China, Imperial Japanese Army. Minister of War Hideki Tojo. Debate still is ongoing as to the culpability of Emperor Hirohito in the events.	After the Battle of Nanking, on 13 December, 1937, Japanese entered the city virtually resistance free. From then for a period of about 6 weeks after, until early February 1938, widespread war crimes were committed including mass rape, looting, arson, the killing of civilians and prisoners of war.

1939-1945 World War II

Axis powers

Italian perpetrated crimes

War crimes in the Balkans, in France, Italy and on the Eastern Front
No one has been brought to trial for war crimes, although in 1950 the former Italian defense minister was convicted for collaboration with Nazi Germany.
See Italian war crimes.

German perpetrated crimes

According to the Nuremburg Trials, there were four major war crimes that were alleged against Germany, each with individual events that made up the major charges.

1. Participation in a common plan of conspiracy for the accomplishment of crimes against peace

2. Planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression and other crimes against peace

Planning and executing a campaign of invasion of its European neighbors, violations of the Treaty of Versailles and the Treaty of Saint-Germain

3. War Crimes These were limited to atrocities against combatants or conventional crimes committed by military units(see War crimes of the Wehrmacht) , and include:

Invasion of Poland, in the period of 1st September- 25th October 1939 German Wehrmacht during its military actions engaged in executions of Polish POWs, bombed hospitals, murdered civilians, shot refugees,executed wounded soldiers. The cautious estimates give a number of at least 16,000 murdered victims[link]
Pacification Operations in German occupied Poland, during the occupation of Poland by German Reich, Wehrmacht forces took part in several pacification actions in rural areas, that resulted in murder of at least 20,000 Polish villagers
Le Paradis massacre, May 1940, British soldiers of the Royal Norfolk Regiment, captured by the SS and subsequently murdered. Fritz Knoechlein tried, found guilty and hanged.
Wormhoudt massacre, May 1940, British and French soldiers captured by the SS and subsequently murdered. No one found guilty of the crime.
, June 1944 Canadian soldiers captued by the SS and Murdered by 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend. SS General Kurt Meyer (Panzermeyer) sentenced to be shot 1946; sentence commuted; released 1954
Malmedy massacre, December 1944, United States POWs captured by Kampfgruppe Peiper were murdered outside of Malmedy, Belgium.
Gardelegen (war crime)
Marzabotto massacre
Sant'Anna di Stazzema
Cefalonia Massacre
Oradour-sur-Glane
The annihilation of the Czech city of Lidice
Kalavryta
The suppression of the 1944 Warsaw Uprising
The treatment of Soviet POWs throughout the war, who were not given the protections and guarantees of the Geneva Convention
Unrestricted submarine warfare against merchant shipping.

4. Crimes against Humanity These were crimes that were committed well away from the lines of battle and were unconnected in any way to military activity.

The major crime was the Holocaust, including:
* The construction and use of Vernichtungslagern, most prominently at Auschwitz, Treblinka, Majdanek, Belzec, Sobibór, and Chełmno
** The employment of other camps across Europe, including Dachau, Sachsenhausen, Mauthausen and Bergen-Belsen which served unofficially as death camps to a degree
* Death marches of prisoners, particularly in the last months of the war when the afore-mentioned camps were being overrun by the Allies
* The widespread use of slave and unfree labor by the Nazi regime, including the use of concentration camp and extermination camp prisoners as slaves
* The establishment of Jewish Ghettos in Eastern Europe
* The use of SS Einsatzgruppen, mobile extermination squads
*Babi Yar
*Rumbula
*Dnepropetrovsk
*Ninth Fort
*Simferopol
*The massacre of 100,000 Jews and Poles at Paneriai
*The suppression of the 1943 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising which erupted when the SS came to clear the ghetto and send all of the occupants to extermination camps
*Izieu Massacre

Other crimes against humanity included:

The Porajmos, the Nazi pogrom against the Romany peoples of Europe
The Łapanka or "Catching Game," -- Nazi roundups of Poles in the major cities for slave labor and other purposes
Nikolaev Massacre
Operation Tannenberg, the AB Action and the Massacre of Lwów professors, all Nazi actions in Poland meant to mass murder the Polish intelligentsia and other potential leaders of resistance.
The Nazi T-4 Euthanasia Program, an aborted eugenics program meant to kill German children who were mentally or physically handicapped. 200,000 people were gassed to death due to this program.

Well over 10 million people were systematically killed by the Nazi regime (Some accountings place the figure at over 20 million) from crimes against humanity, in particular the Holocaust. Of this figure, the largest amount of deaths happened among the Jews. The common estimate is that 5 to 6 million Jews were killed by the Nazis, although a complete count may never be known. After the war, the Nazi regime was put on trial in two tribunals in Nuremberg, Germany by the victorious Allied powers from 1945 to 1949. The first tribunal indicted 24 major Nazi war criminals, and resulted in 19 convictions (of which 12 led to death sentences) and 3 acquittals. The second tribunal indicted 185 members of the military, economic, and political leadership of Nazi Germany, of which 142 were convicted and 35 were acquitted. In subsequent decades, approximately 20 additional war criminals who escaped capture in the immediate aftermath of World War II were tried in West Germany and Israel. In Germany and many other European nations, the Nazi Party is outlawed.

Hungarian perpetrated crimes

Incident	type of crime	Persons responsible	Notes
Ip massacre	^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}	^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}	This does not cite its . You can Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations.
Treznea massacre	^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}	^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}	This does not cite its . You can Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations.

Japanese perpetrated crimes

''See also: Japanese war crimes

This section includes war crimes from 8 December 1942 when China declared war on Japan so entering World War II. For war crimes before this date which took place during the Second Sino-Japanese War please see the section above called .

Incident type of crime Persons responsible Notes
World War II Crimes against peace Were tried by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East
Banka Island MassacreReferences in the article, Dutch East Indies, 1942 ^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]} Vivian Bullwinkel gave evidence of the massacre at a war crimes trial in Tokyo in 1947[Banka Island Massacre (1942)] The merchant ship Vyner Brooke was sunk by Japanese aircraft. The survivors who made it to Banka Island were all were shot or bayonetted. One nurse Vivian Bullwinkel survived the massacre.
Bataan Death MarchReferences in the article, Philippines, 1942References in the article ^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}

General Masaharu Homma was convicted by an Allied commission of war crimes, including the atrocities of the death march out of Bataan, and the atrocities at Camp O'Donnell and Cabanatuan that followed. He was executed on April 3, 1946 outside Manila.

Approximately 75,000 Filipino and US soldiers, commanded by Major General Edward P. King, Jr. formally surrendered to the Japanese, under General Masaharu Homma, on April 9, 1942, which forced Japan to accept emaciated captives outnumbering them. Captives were forced to march, beginning the next day, about 100 kilometers north to Nueva Ecija to Camp O'Donnell, a prison camp. Prisoners of war were beaten randomly and denied food and water for several days. Those who fell behind were executed through various means: shot, beheaded or bayoneted.
Parit Sulong massacreReferences in the article, Malaysia, 1942 ^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}

Lieutenant General Takuma Nishimura, was convicted for this crime by an Australian Military Court and hanged on June 11, 1951.http://www.thisisfolkestone.co.uk/ms/info/massacresinthepacific.htm

Recently captured Australian and Indian POWs, who had been too badly wounded to escape through the jungle, were murdered by Japanese soldiers. Accounts differ on how they were killed. Two wounded Australians managed to escape the massacre and provide eyewitness accounts of the Japanese treatment of wounded prisoners of war, as did locals who witnessed the massacre. Official records indicate that 150 wounded men were killed.
Laha massacreReferences in the article,1942 ^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]} In 1946, the Laha massacre and other incidents which followed the fall of Ambon became the subject of the largest ever war crimes trial, when 93 Japanese personnel were tried by an Australian tribunal, at Ambon. Among other convictions, four men were executed as a result. An SNLF Captain, Kunito Hatakeyama, who was in direct command of the four massacres, was hanged; Rear Admiral Koichiro Hatakeyama, who was found to have ordered the killings, died before he could be tried.[Fall of Ambon Massacred at Laha]

After the battle Battle of Ambon, more than 300 Australian, Dutch (and probably US) prisoners of war were chosen at random and summarily executed, at or near Laha airfield in four separate massacres. "The Laha massacre was the largest of the atrocities committed against captured Allied troops in 1942." Dr Peter Stanley [The defence of the 'Malay barrier': Rabaul and Ambon, January 1942] principal historian to Australian War Memorial.
Alexandra Hospital massacre, Battle of Singapore, 1942 General Tomoyuki Yamashita who commanded the Japanese army, had the officer responsible for the massacre executed^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}.

February 14, Japanese soldiers approached Alexandra Barracks Hospital. Although no resistance was offered, some of them shot or bayoneted staff members and patients. More staff and patients were murdered over the next two days.
Sook Ching Massacre, 1942

In 1947, the British Colonial authorities in Singapore held a war crimes trial to bring the perpetrators to justice. Seven officers, were charged with carrying out the massacre. While Lieutenant General Saburo Kawamura, Lieutenant Colonel Masayuki Oishi received the death penalty, the other five received life sentences

The massacre was a systematic extermination of perceived hostile elements among ethnic Chinese Singaporeans by the Japanese military administration during the Japanese Occupation of Singapore, after the British colony surrendered in the Battle of Singapore on 15 February 1942.
Manila Massacre Tomoyuki Yamashita Yamashita Standard
Unit 100
Unit 731 12 members of the Kantogun were found guilty for the manufacture and use of biological weapons. Including: General Yamada Otsuzo, former Commander-in-Chief of the Kwantung Army and Major General Kawashima Kiyoshi, former Chief of Unit 731.

The Soviet Union tried some members of Unit 731 at the Khabarovsk War Crime Trials. However those who surrendered to the Americans were never brought to trial as General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, secretly granted immunity to the physicians of Unit 731 in exchange for providing America with their research on biological weapons^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}.

Incident	type of crime	Persons responsible	Notes
World War II	Crimes against peace		Were tried by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East
Banka Island MassacreReferences in the article, Dutch East Indies, 1942	^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}	Vivian Bullwinkel gave evidence of the massacre at a war crimes trial in Tokyo in 1947[Banka Island Massacre (1942)]	The merchant ship Vyner Brooke was sunk by Japanese aircraft. The survivors who made it to Banka Island were all were shot or bayonetted. One nurse Vivian Bullwinkel survived the massacre.
Bataan Death MarchReferences in the article, Philippines, 1942References in the article	^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}	General Masaharu Homma was convicted by an Allied commission of war crimes, including the atrocities of the death march out of Bataan, and the atrocities at Camp O'Donnell and Cabanatuan that followed. He was executed on April 3, 1946 outside Manila.	Approximately 75,000 Filipino and US soldiers, commanded by Major General Edward P. King, Jr. formally surrendered to the Japanese, under General Masaharu Homma, on April 9, 1942, which forced Japan to accept emaciated captives outnumbering them. Captives were forced to march, beginning the next day, about 100 kilometers north to Nueva Ecija to Camp O'Donnell, a prison camp. Prisoners of war were beaten randomly and denied food and water for several days. Those who fell behind were executed through various means: shot, beheaded or bayoneted.
Parit Sulong massacreReferences in the article, Malaysia, 1942	^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}	Lieutenant General Takuma Nishimura, was convicted for this crime by an Australian Military Court and hanged on June 11, 1951.http://www.thisisfolkestone.co.uk/ms/info/massacresinthepacific.htm	Recently captured Australian and Indian POWs, who had been too badly wounded to escape through the jungle, were murdered by Japanese soldiers. Accounts differ on how they were killed. Two wounded Australians managed to escape the massacre and provide eyewitness accounts of the Japanese treatment of wounded prisoners of war, as did locals who witnessed the massacre. Official records indicate that 150 wounded men were killed.
Laha massacreReferences in the article,1942	^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}	In 1946, the Laha massacre and other incidents which followed the fall of Ambon became the subject of the largest ever war crimes trial, when 93 Japanese personnel were tried by an Australian tribunal, at Ambon. Among other convictions, four men were executed as a result. An SNLF Captain, Kunito Hatakeyama, who was in direct command of the four massacres, was hanged; Rear Admiral Koichiro Hatakeyama, who was found to have ordered the killings, died before he could be tried.[Fall of Ambon Massacred at Laha]	After the battle Battle of Ambon, more than 300 Australian, Dutch (and probably US) prisoners of war were chosen at random and summarily executed, at or near Laha airfield in four separate massacres. "The Laha massacre was the largest of the atrocities committed against captured Allied troops in 1942." Dr Peter Stanley [The defence of the 'Malay barrier': Rabaul and Ambon, January 1942] principal historian to Australian War Memorial.
Alexandra Hospital massacre, Battle of Singapore, 1942		General Tomoyuki Yamashita who commanded the Japanese army, had the officer responsible for the massacre executed^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}.	February 14, Japanese soldiers approached Alexandra Barracks Hospital. Although no resistance was offered, some of them shot or bayoneted staff members and patients. More staff and patients were murdered over the next two days.
Sook Ching Massacre, 1942		In 1947, the British Colonial authorities in Singapore held a war crimes trial to bring the perpetrators to justice. Seven officers, were charged with carrying out the massacre. While Lieutenant General Saburo Kawamura, Lieutenant Colonel Masayuki Oishi received the death penalty, the other five received life sentences	The massacre was a systematic extermination of perceived hostile elements among ethnic Chinese Singaporeans by the Japanese military administration during the Japanese Occupation of Singapore, after the British colony surrendered in the Battle of Singapore on 15 February 1942.
Manila Massacre		Tomoyuki Yamashita	Yamashita Standard
Unit 100
Unit 731		12 members of the Kantogun were found guilty for the manufacture and use of biological weapons. Including: General Yamada Otsuzo, former Commander-in-Chief of the Kwantung Army and Major General Kawashima Kiyoshi, former Chief of Unit 731.	The Soviet Union tried some members of Unit 731 at the Khabarovsk War Crime Trials. However those who surrendered to the Americans were never brought to trial as General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, secretly granted immunity to the physicians of Unit 731 in exchange for providing America with their research on biological weapons^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}.

Romanian perpetrated crimes

Incident	type of crime	Persons responsible	Notes
Iasi pogrom	^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}	^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}
Odessa massacre	^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}	^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}

Allied powers

Main article Allied war crimes

Soviet Union perpetrated crimes

Concurrent with World War II
Incident type of crime Persons responsible Notes
Katyń massacre Murder of Polish POWs

Concurrent with World War II
Incident	type of crime	Persons responsible	Notes
Katyń massacre	Murder of Polish POWs

World War II
Incident type of crime Persons responsible Notes
Nemmersdorf, East Prussia Alleged pillage, and rape and murder of civilians, in contravention of Hague Conventions of 1907 "IV - The Laws and Customs of War on Land"[IV - The Laws and Customs of War on Land] in the Avalon Project at Yale Law School Articles: 28,43,46,47,50^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]} No prosecutions^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]} Nemmersdorf (today Mayakovskoye in Kaliningrad) was one of the first German settlements to fall to the advancing Red Army on October 22, 1944. It was recaptured by the Germans soon afterwards and the German authorities reported that the Red Army killed civilians there. Nazi propaganda widely disseminated the description of the event with horrible details, supposedly to boost the determination of German soldiers to resist the general Soviet advance. Because the incident was investigated by the Nazis and reports were disseminated as Nazi propaganda, discerning the facts from the fiction of the incident is difficult.
occupation of East Prussia Alleged war crimes in contravention of Hague Conventions of 1907 "IV - The Laws and Customs of War on Land" ^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]} War crimes committed by Soviet troops in the areas of Germany occupied by the Red Army [Excerpt, Chapter one] The Struggle for Europe: The Turbulent History of a Divided Continent 1945-2002 - William I. Hitchcock - 2003 - ISBN 0385497989 (No pages cited)A Terrible Revenge: The Ethnic Cleansing of the East European Germans, 1944-1950 - Alfred-Maurice de Zayas - 1994 - ISBN 0312121598 (No pages cited)Barefoot in the Rubble - Elizabeth B. Walter - 1997 - ISBN 0965779300 (No pages cited)
Battle of Berlin Mass rape Antony Beevor [They raped every German female from eight to 80] in The Guardian May 1, 2002
Evacuation of Karafuto and Kuriles ^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}
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Evacuation of Manchukuo ^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}
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World War II
Incident	type of crime	Persons responsible	Notes
Nemmersdorf, East Prussia	Alleged pillage, and rape and murder of civilians, in contravention of Hague Conventions of 1907 "IV - The Laws and Customs of War on Land"[IV - The Laws and Customs of War on Land] in the Avalon Project at Yale Law School Articles: 28,43,46,47,50^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}	No prosecutions^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}	Nemmersdorf (today Mayakovskoye in Kaliningrad) was one of the first German settlements to fall to the advancing Red Army on October 22, 1944. It was recaptured by the Germans soon afterwards and the German authorities reported that the Red Army killed civilians there. Nazi propaganda widely disseminated the description of the event with horrible details, supposedly to boost the determination of German soldiers to resist the general Soviet advance. Because the incident was investigated by the Nazis and reports were disseminated as Nazi propaganda, discerning the facts from the fiction of the incident is difficult.
occupation of East Prussia	Alleged war crimes in contravention of Hague Conventions of 1907 "IV - The Laws and Customs of War on Land"	^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}	War crimes committed by Soviet troops in the areas of Germany occupied by the Red Army [Excerpt, Chapter one] The Struggle for Europe: The Turbulent History of a Divided Continent 1945-2002 - William I. Hitchcock - 2003 - ISBN 0385497989 (No pages cited)A Terrible Revenge: The Ethnic Cleansing of the East European Germans, 1944-1950 - Alfred-Maurice de Zayas - 1994 - ISBN 0312121598 (No pages cited)Barefoot in the Rubble - Elizabeth B. Walter - 1997 - ISBN 0965779300 (No pages cited)
Battle of Berlin	Mass rape Antony Beevor [They raped every German female from eight to 80] in The Guardian May 1, 2002
Evacuation of Karafuto and Kuriles	^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}		This does not cite its . You can Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations.
Evacuation of Manchukuo	^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}		This does not cite its . You can Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations.

United Kingdom perpetrated crimes

Incident	type of crime	Persons responsible	Notes
Unrestricted submarine warfare against merchant shipping	Breach of London Naval Treaty(1930)	no prosecutions	It was the conclusion of the Nuremberg Trials of Karl Dönitz the Britain had been in breach of the Treaty "in particular of an order of the British Admiralty announced on the 8 May, 1940, according to which all vessels should be sunk at sight in the Skagerrak"[Judgement : Doenitz] the Avalon Project at the Yale Law School

United States perpetrated crimes

Yugoslavian partisans perpetrated crimes

1968-1973: Vietnam War

North Vietnam

North Vietnam:

Murder of civilians. Mistreatment of prisoners of war.
North Vietnamese troops executed 2500 civilians while occupying the city of Hue in 1968. An additional 3500 people are suspected to have been executed, but never found. See: Massacre at Hue.
U.S. Prisoners of war held at the so-called "Hanoi Hilton" were subject to torture and other mistreatment by their North Vietnamese captors.
Hundreds of Thousands of South Vietnamese perished in the concentration or "re-education" camps shortly after the fall of Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City)

1971: Bangladesh War

Cambodian civil war 1970-1994

Khmer rougue killed many undesirable person's. [1][2]

Lao civil war 1960-1975

Murder of the royal family and people associated with the former government in re-education camps.^{[[Citing sources citation needed]]}

1980-1988: Iran-Iraq War

Circa 1985-:
20 years warfare
The Times reports (Nov 26 2005 p.27):
:Almost 20 years of fighting... has killed half a million people. Many of the dead are children... The LRA [a cannibalism cult]The LRA is described by sources such as The Times as a "cannibalistic cult that has slaughtered whole villages and left its victims without hands, feet or faces".[link] kidnaps children and forces them to join its ranks. And so, incredibly, children are not only the main victims of this war, but also its unwilling perpetrators... The girls told me they had been given to rebel commanders as "wives" and forced to bear them children. The boys said they had been forced to walk for days knowing they would be killed if they showed any weakness, and in some cases forced even to murder their family members... every night up to 10,000 children walk into the centre of Kitgum... because they are not safe in their own beds... more than 25,000 children have been kidnapped ...this year an average of 20 children have been abducted every week.

The International Criminal Court has launched an investigation and has issued indictments against LRA leaders.

Bosnian War 1992-1995

1990-2000: Liberia / Sierra Leone

From The Times March 28 2006 p.43:

"Charles Taylor, the former Liberian President who is one of Africas most wanted men, has gone into hiding in Nigeria to avoid extradition to a UN war crimes trimbunal... The UN war crimes tribunal in Sierra Leone holds Mr taylor responsible for about 250,000 deaths. Throughout the 1990s, his armies and supporters, made up of child soldiers orphaned by the conflict wreaked havoc through a swath of West Africa. In Sierra Leone he supported the revolutionary United Front whose rebel fighters were notorious for hacking off the limbs of civilians.

Current action - Indicted on 17 counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity by the UN, which has issues an international warrant for his arrest. As of April 2006 located and facing trial.

1990: Invasion of Kuwait

1998-2006: Second Congo War

See also: Cases before the International Criminal Court#Democratic Republic of Congo

Civil war 1998-2002, est. 4 million deaths; war "sucked in" Rwanda, Uganda, Angola, Zimbabwe and Namibia, as well as 17,000 United Nations peacekeepers, its "largest and most costly" peace mission and "the bloodiest conflict since the end of the Second World War."
Fighting involves Mai-Mai militia and Congolese government soldiers. The Government originally armed the Mai-Mai as civil defence against external invaders, who then turned to banditry.
100,000 refugees living in remote disease ridden areas to avoid both sides
Estimated 1000 deaths a day according to Oxfam:

"The army attacks the local population as it passes through, often raping and pillaging like the militias. Those who resist are branded Mai-mai supporters and face detention or death. The Mai-mai accuse the villagers of collaborating with the army, they return to the villages at night and extract revenge. Sometimes they march the villagers into the bush to work as human mules."

(Source: The Times World News, April 3 2006, p.29)

Footnotes

External links

[Genocide of Tamils in Sri Lanka]

> >

Sources of law:
International criminal law
Charter of the IMT - Crime against international law - Crime against humanity - Crime against peace Crime of apartheid - Crime of genocide - Customary law - Laws of war - Nuremberg Principles Peremptory norm - Statute of the ICC - Universal jurisdiction - War crime - War of aggression
Courts:
War responsibility trials in Finland - International Military Tribunal for Europe International Military Tribunal for the Far East - Khabarovsk War Crime Trials Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia - Tribunal for Rwanda - Tribunal for Sierra Leone International Criminal Court
History:
List of war crimes

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