Lone pair
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A lone pair is an electron pair without bonding or sharing with other atoms. It is found in the outermost electron shell of an atom. It often exhibits a negative polar character with its high charge density. It is used in the formation of a dative bond, for example, the creation of the hydroxonium, H3O+, ion occurs when acids are dissolved in water and it is due to the oxygen atom donating a lone pair to the hydrogen ion.
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