Gray's Fig. 816 - Nerves of the left upper extremity.
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| colspan="2" |Latin n. thoracalis longus
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|[[List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy:210#Gray.27s_page_.23|Gray's]] [subject #210 ]
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|Innervates
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|MeSH [
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|Dorlands/Elsevier [/ ]
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The Long Thoracic Nerve (external respiratory nerve of Bell; posterior thoracic nerve) supplies the Serratus anterior .
It usually arises by three roots from the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical nerves ; but the root from the seventh nerve may be absent.
The roots from the fifth and sixth nerves pierce the Scalenus medius , while that from the seventh passes in front of the muscle.
The nerve descends behind the brachial plexus and the axillary vessels, resting on the outer surface of the Serratus anterior .
It extends along the side of the thorax to the lower border of that muscle, supplying filaments to each of its digitations.
Damage
Clinically
Due to its long, relatively superficial course, it is susceptible to injury either through direct trauma or stretch.
Injury has been reported in almost all sports.
Symptoms are often minimal – if symptomatic, a posterior shoulder or scapular burning type of pain may be reported.
A lesion of the nerve paralyses the wall to produce scapula winging, which is most prominent when the arm is lifted forward or when the pt. pushes the outstretched arm against a wall
However, even winging may not be evident until the trapezius stretches enough to reveal an injury several weeks prior
External links
Major nerve s (also see Peripheral nervous system )
Cranial nerves I olfactory | II optic | III oculomotor | IV trochlear | V trigeminal | V1 ophthalmic (lacrimal , frontal , supratrochlear , supraorbital , nasociliary , ciliary ganglion ) | V2 maxillary (sphenopalatine ganglion ) | V3 mandibular (buccal - auriculotemporal - lingual - inferior alveolar - otic ganglion ) | VI abducens | VII facial (chorda tympani , nervus intermedius ) | VIII vestibulocochlear (cochlear , vestibular ) | IX glossopharyngeal | X vagus (recurrent laryngeal , Alderman's nerve ) | XI accessory | XII hypoglossal
Posterior spinal nerve s:greater occipital
C1-C4 - Cervical plexus : lesser occipital | greater auricular | lesser auricular | phrenic | ansa cervicalis
C5-C8, T1 - Brachial plexus : supraclavicular branches (dorsal scapular , suprascapular , long thoracic ) | lateral cord musculocutaneous , lateral antibrachial cutaneous , lateral head of median nerve ) | medial cord ulnar , medial head of median nerve , medial antibrachial cutaneous , medial brachial cutaneous ) | posterior cord axillary , radial )
T2-T11: intercostal
T12, L1-L5 - Lumbar plexus : iliohypogastric | ilioinguinal | genitofemoral | lateral femoral cutaneous | femoral | obturator
S1-S4 - Sacral plexus : gluteal | posterior femoral cutaneous | tibial | sciatic | sural | common peroneal
S2-S5 - Pudendal plexus : perforating cutaneous | pudendal | visceral | muscular | anococcygeal
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