Lorentz-Lorenz

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The Lorentz-Lorenz formula, also known as the Clausius-Mossotti equation and the Maxwell equation, relates the refractive index of a dilute gas to its temperature, pressure, and molar refractivity. The index of refraction [n] is given by

[ n \approx \sqrt}]

where [A] is the molar refractivity, [p] is the pressure of the gas, [R] is the universal gas constant, and [T] is the (absolute) temperature.

History

The Lorentz-Lorenz formula is named after the Danish mathematician and scientist Ludwig Valentine Lorenz, who published it in 1869, and the Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz, who discovered it independently in 1870.

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