Manhua
Encyclopedia : M : MA : MAN : Manhua
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Manhua (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: }}}; pinyin: ) is a general term for comics produced in China, often including Chinese translations of Japanese manga. The word is a calque of the Japanese term, so the Chinese characters for manhua are identical for those used in Japanese manga and Korean manhwa. Due to the greater liberalization and higher standard of living, the majority of all manhua so far has been published in Hong Kong and Taiwan rather than mainland China. As of 2004, the majority of all manhua is still published in Hong Kong and Taiwan. It is often believed that Tomasu Chew made the first of its kind.
History
Chinese comics include "all the forms and styles of cartoons, comics, and lianhuantu (a traditional illustrated storybook)", according to Wendy Siuyi Wong, author of Hong Kong Comics: A History of Manhua (ISBN 1568982690). Lianhuantu differs from comics in the traditional sense in that it usually consists of full-page pictures with captions, without word bubbles. The Japanese term from which manhua is borrowed, manga, is attested in that specific usage in 1798.
"Chinese drawings similar to modern cartoons existed in ancient times and appear throughout the country's history. The oldest surviving examples are stone reliefs from the eleventh century B.C. and pottery from 5000 to 3000 B.C. Other examples include symbolic brush drawings from the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368-1644), a satirical drawing titled Peacocks by the early Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1643-1911) artist Zhua Da, and a work called Ghosts' Farce Pictures from around 1771, by Luo Liang-feng. Chinese manhua was born in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, roughly during the years 1867 to 1927."
Wong classifies Hong Kong comics into four categories:
- Satirical and political manhua
- Comical manhua
- Action manhua
- Children's manhua (renditions of ancient Chinese legends)
English-language publishers of manhua
Other-language publishers of manhua
Brazil
List of manhua
Chinese comics are listed according to the origin of their creation.China
- Sanmao 《三毛》 (1935) (lit.: three hairs, three locks of hair), often equated as the Tintin / Charlie Brown of China
Hong Kong
- Dragon Tiger Gate 《龍虎門》 (xxxx)
- Feel 100% 《百分百感覺》 (xxxx)
- Fung Wan 《風雲》 (xxxx) (The movie The Storm Riders is based on this comic series)
- McDull 《麥兜》 (xxxx)
- McMug 《麥嘜》 (1988)
- Old Master Q 《老夫子》 (1962)
- The Ravages of Time 《火鳳燎原》(2001 - ongoing)
- Romance of the Three Kingdoms 《三國志》 (1991)
- The World of Lily Wong (1986-2001)
- MOVIE LINK Young and Dangerous 《古惑仔》 (xxxx) depicted a triad living style; later became a movie franchise in the mid 90's
Singapore
- The Celestial Zone 《天界无限》 (xxxx)
Taiwan
- The One 《獨領風騷》 (xxxx)
- Youth Gone Wild 《搖滾狂潮》 (xxxx)
- Bowling King
Unsorted
- The Adventures of Chi Xue
- Black Leopard
- Chronicles of the Vampire Hunter
- Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon based on the film of the same title
- The Four Constables
- Heaven Sword & Dragon Sabre based on the book of the same title
- Hero based on the film of the same title
- King of Fighters based on the game King of Fighters
- Oriental Hero
- Para Para story involving the dance Para Para
- Return of the Condor Heroes (Legendary Couple) based on the book of the same title
- Saint Legend
- Shaolin Soccer based on the film of the same title
- SNK vs Capcom based on the game SNK vs Capcom
- Story of the Tao
- Top Speed
- Weapon of the Gods
See also
External link
- http://www.china-on-site.com/comicindex.php - manhua retellings of old Chinese legends
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