Marine One
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Marine One is the call sign of any United States Marine Corps aircraft carrying the President of the United States. It usually denotes one of 19 helicopters operated by the HMX-1 "Nighthawks" squadron, either the large H-3 Sea King or the newer, smaller UH-60 Black Hawk. Both are due to be replaced by the VH-71 (US101), a derivative of the AgustaWestland EH101. A Marine Corps aircraft carrying the Vice President is designated Marine Two. The Marine One helicopter that the president usually rides in was designed by Igor Sikorsky.
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History
The first use of helicopters for presidential transport was in 1957, when Dwight D. Eisenhower traveled on an H-13 Sioux. This early aircraft lacked the "creature comforts" found on its modern successors, such as air conditioning and toilets.
In 1958, the H-13 was replaced by the H-34, and in 1961 by the Sea King.
Until 1976 the Marine Corps shared with the responsibility of helicopter transportation for the president with the US Army. Army helicopters used the call sign Army One while the president was on board.
Current operations
Marine One is sometimes the preferred alternative to motorcades, which can be expensive and logistically difficult. The controlled environment of a helicopter also adds greatly to the safety factor.More than 800 Marines supervise the operation of the Marine One fleet, which is based in Quantico, Virginia, but is more often seen in action on the South Lawn of the White House, or at Andrews Air Force Base in Maryland. At Andrews, it is sometimes used to connect to Air Force One for longer journeys. Wherever Marine One flies, it is met on the ground by at least one Marine in full dress uniform. In his final days of Office, whilst flying over and landing nearby the Grand Canyon, President Bill Clinton was stunned to find a Marine waiting on the rock ready to salute him.[[Citing sources citation needed]]
Marine One is always transported (as is the president's limousine) wherever the president travels, within the U.S. as well as overseas. Wherever Air Force One lands, you will always find Marine One parked nearby (even if the president is using the motorcade).
As a security measure, Marine One always travels in pairs: one helicopter carries the president, while the other serves as a decoy for would-be assassins on the ground. To add to the tightness of Marine One, every member of HMX-1 is required to receive a Yankee White security clearance before touching any of the helicopters used for presidential travel.
HMX replacement
Although the VH-3 looks brand new, it is an aging airframe, having entered service with HMX-1 in 1962. Consequently, a replacement is in production, with initial operational capabilty due by 2008 and full operational capability by no later than 2014.The selected replacement is the Bell/Agusta EH-101, which will be produced by Lockheed Martin under license as the US101, with the military designation VH-71.
Competing contractors
It was announced on January 28, 2005 that Lockheed Martin's VH-71 US101 team had won.The contractor teams were:
- Lockheed Martin — US101
- *AgustaWestland
- *Bell Helicopter Textron
- Sikorsky — VH-92
- *FlightSafety International
- *L-3 Communications
- *Northrop Grumman
- *Rockwell Collins
- *Vought Aircraft Industries
- *GE-Aviation
External link
| United States Presidential Aircraft Callsigns | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Army One |
| Air Force One |
| Navy One |
| Marine One |
| Coast Guard One |
| Executive One | |||||
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