Mariupol

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Mariupol' at night

Plan of Mariupol

Mariupol’ or Mariupol /mari'upʌlʲ/ (Ukrainian: Маріуполь; Russian: ; Greek: Μαριούπολις) is a port city in south-eastern Ukraine, situated on the coast of the Azov Sea, at the mouth of the Kalmius River. Administratively, it belongs to Donets'ka oblast', historically it is a part of Donbas region.

Mariupol is an important industrial center and Eastern European seaport. Mariupol has two important steel mills ([Ilyich Iron and Steel Works] and [Azovstal]), which make up a significant part of Ukraine's total export. The industrial area of Mariupol produces 37.5% of Donetsk oblast’s exports and about 7% of all Ukraine’s exports. From 1948 to 1989 the city was named Zhdanov (Жданов /'ʒdanʌv/) in honor of Andrei Zhdanov.

Mariupol has a high concentration of Greeks. It is also a seasonal resort.

History

Mariupol was known from the beginning of the 16th century as the Cossack fortress, Kalmius. The settlement became a town in 1778. In 1780 after the migration of the Greeks from the Crimea to the region, the town was renamed "Mariupol' " at their request.

City image

Architecture

The general plan of Mariupol

The central area of Mariupol (from the Metallurgov Av. up to Stroiteley Av.) is almost entirely administrative and commercial buildings (a city council building, post office, the Lukov cinema, Mariupol Humanitarian University, Priazov State Technical University - PGTU, the Korolenko central city library, large shops (the supermarket "Moscow", "One Thousand Trifles ", etc.).

Architecture of other residential areas ("Zapadny", "Vostochny", "Kirov", "Cheremushki", 5-th, 17-th catchment area, etc.) are not especially different or original and are typicaly 5 and 9-storeyed houses.

Mariupol. The standard nine-floor house

A diagram of the general plan of city appears to the right.

Important streets

Streets (“Ulitsas”): Artyom (after Soviet revolutionary Artyom Sergeyev), Torgovaya (“Trade”), Apatov, Kuprin, Uritsky, Bahchivandzhi, Gagarin, Karpinsky, Mamin-Sibiryak, Taganrogskaya, Olimpiyskaya, Azovstalskaya, Makar Mazay, Karl Libknekht).

Boulevards: Shevchenko, Komsomolsky, Primorsky.

Squares (“Ploschads”): Administrativnaya, Nezavisimosti, Pobedy (“Victory”), Mashinostroiteley (“Mechanical engineers’”), Leninsky Komsomol, Osvobozhdeniya (“Liberation”).

Parks

Monuments

Mariupol. Monument to Shevchenko T.G.

Lenin V.I., Kuindzhi Arkhip, Vysotsky V., Shevchenko T.G., Makar Mazay, Gorban G.Yu., Apatov K.P., Balabukha Tolya, to seamen - commandoes, pilots Semenishin V.G. and Lavitsky N.E., soldiers of 9-th Aviation Division, victims of political reprisals of 1930-50, etc. During the Soviet system the central square of the city was decorated with a monument to Zhdanov A.A. for whom the city was names after (it was demounted in 1990). Konstantinov V. and Kuzminkov L. artists - sculptors of monuments createed a monument to metropolitan Ignatiy, the founder of Mariupol.

Public holidays

Mariupol. Fireworks in day of the machine engineer

Except for nation-wide holidays, in Mariupol they celebrate:

• Liberation Day (of city from fascist aggressors; on September, 10)
• City Day (the following after Liberation Day of Mariupol Sunday of September)
• Metallurgist Day - a professional holiday for many city dwellers
• Machine engineer Day
• Seamen Day, etc.

Hotels

• Meridian
• Druzhba (“Friendship”)
• Chaika (“Seagull”)
• Spartak
• Tourist
• Azovstal
• Morskaya (“Sea”)

Casinos & night-clubs

• Maxim
• Kleopatra
• Split
• Laguna (“Lagoon”)
• Imperiya (“Empire”)
• Brodvey (“Broadway”)

Emblem

Mariupol government & politics

Mayor of city (chairman, "head", cities and chairman of executive committee of city council) - Khotlubey Yury Yuryevich.

Mariupol in Supreme Soviet (Rada) of Ukraine is represented by 3 People's Deputies:

• Boyko V.S. - the chapter (head) of the board Ilyich Mariupol metallurgical combine, the hero of Ukraine.

• Matvienkov S.A. - the representative Ilyich Mariupol metallurgical combine

• Koloniari A.P. - the representative of Metallurgical combine “Azovstal” (during elections to the Supreme Rada, 2002),

In City Council fraction "Ilyichevets" numerically prevails, in second place – fraction is the "Party of Regions".

Boroughs and neighborhoods

Mariupol. Division of city.

Mariupol is divided into 4 areas or 'boroughs'. These are:

• Zhovtnevy (/ʒʌvt'nʲɛvɪj/ ukrainian) or Oktyabrsky (/ʌk'tʲabrʲskij/ Russian) (after Great October ("Zhovten") revolution, 1917)
• Primorsky (/pri'mɔrskʲij/)
• Ordzhonikidzevsky (/ʌrdʒɛnʲi'kʲidzɛvskʲij/ after Ordzhonikidze Sergo, the prominent Soviet revolutionary. Also referred to as the "Levy Bereg" - Left Bank)
• Ilyichevsky (/ilji'ʧʲɔvskʲij/ after Lenin Vladimir Ilyich)

Geography and climate

Geography

Climate

Direction of the wind in the winter is mainly easterly, in the summer it is northerly.

Absolute maximum of temperature of air in the summer is +104°F (+40°C); a minimum in the winter is -25.6°F (-32°C).

Demographics

Population

Mariupol Population city proper		Mariupol Metropolitan population
1778	0,168	0,168
1782	2,948	2,948
1850	4,579	4,579
1897	31,8	31,8
1913	58,0	58,0
1939	221,5	221,5
1941	241,0	241,0
1943	85,0	85,0
1959	283,6	299,1
1979	502,6	525,0
1987	529,0	552,3
1989	518,9	541,0
1994	520,7	543,6
1998	499,8	521,3
2001	492,2	514,5
2002	489,7	510,8
2005	481,6	502,8

The population in 2005 is estimated at 481,600, with the subordinated territories (settlement Sartana, settlement Talakovka, settlement Stary Krym, village Gnutovo, and village Lomakino) - 502,800. Annual reduction of the population is 0.35% (one of the smallest in the region). The death rate is 2.2 times higher than the birth rate.

Ethnic structure

!Nationality
!Number (person)
!Densities (%)

!Ukrainian
|248,683
|48.7

!Russian
|226,848
|44.4

!Greek
|21,923
|4.3

!Belarusian
|3,858
|0.8

!Armenian
|1,205
|0.2

!Jews
|1,176
|0.2

!Bulgarian
|1,082
|0.2

!other
|6,060
|1.2

!All population
|510,835
|100

Language structure

!Language
!Number (person)
!Densities (%)

Employment

The official rate of unemployment is 0.46%, one of the smallest in the country, the actual number is a little more.

Finances

The GPA of the city is 1,262.04 hryvnas (≈US$250.00) a month - one of the highest in the country. Average pension in the city is 423.15 hryvnas ($83.82).

Commercial debts in the city were reduced for 2005 to 1.1% and made 5.1 million hryvnas ($1.01 million).

Income from rendered services for 9 months in 2005 where 860.4 million hryvnas ($107.4 million) and the volume of retail trade for the same term was 838.7 million hryvnas ($166.1 million).

The enterprises of the city for 9 months of 2005 received a positive financial result (profit) of 3.2 billion hryvnas ($634 million), which is 23.6% more than the previous year (2004).

Economy

Industry

Mariupol has 56 industrial enterprises of various patterns of ownership operating in it. The industry of the city is diversified with prevalence for heavy industry. The total amount of industrial production of city for 8 months in 2005 (January - August) was 21,378.2 million hryvnas, i.e. 4.233 billion USD (in 1999 - 6,169.806 million gryvnas, i.e. 1.222 billion USD). Amounts for this parameter in Donetsk oblast are 37.5%.

The leading business is ferrous metallurgy. Its income in city volume of industrial production is 93.5%.

• Open Society " Ilyich Mariupol steel and iron works " ("Mariupol Metallurgical Combine named Ilyich") is the metallurgical enterprise of Ukraine second in sizes (after " Krivorozhstal "), the largest enterprise of a national economy of Donbass and, one of the largest exporters of Ukraine, the enterprise has a full metallurgical cycle.

• Open Society " Azovstal " - metallurgical enterprise ("Combine"), a monopoly in Ukraine on release of some names in metal rolling, the enterprise has a full metallurgical cycle. The general director is Bely Aleksey.

• Open Society " Concern " Azovmash " " - the largest machine-building enterprise of Ukraine (city of Mariupol), specializing in production of equipment for mining-metallurgical complexs, tanks-cars, port cranes, boilers, fuel-fillers etc. The President is Savchuk Aleksandr. The enterprise formally belonged to the state, but actually - " System Capital Management " (A Donetsk financial and economic group led by Akhmetov Rinat).

• Azov ship-repair factory ("АСРЗ") is the largest enterprise of its class on the Sea of Azov (city of Mariupol). The enterprise is subordinated " System Capital Management " (Donetsk financial and economic group led by Akhmetov Rinat).

• Open Society " Mariupol sea trading port " - (city of Mariupol) largest in East Ukraine, makes sea transportations of coal, metal, production of mechanical engineering, ore, grain from Donetsk, Kharkov, Lugansk and the nearby areas of Ukraine, Russia.

• Azov sea shipping company (since 2003 of Open Company " Merchant marine fleet of Donbass ") – an already gone bankrupt enterprise which was formerly carrying out sea transportations from ports on the Sea of Azov (Mariupol, Berdyansk, Taganrog). The property (as of 2003 – was officially) "System Capital Management" (Donetsk financial and economic group led by Akhmetov Rinat).

Building

The construction organizations of the city for 9 months in 2005 executed a volume of contracted civil and erection works for 304.4 million Hryvnas ($603 million). This represents 22.1% of the city’s income.

Transportation

• Urban electric transport ("МТТУ", Mariupol Tram-trolleybus management):
• * A trams, street-cars (since 1933) - 12 routes (machines of type КТМ-5 and КТМ-8 work),
• * Trolley buses (since 1970) - 14 routes (machines of type: Skoda 14Тr, ZIU-10, ZIU-9, YuMZ T-1, YuMZ T-2).
• Buses - mainly the private minibuses which are carrying out transportation in city, on suburban and long-distance routs.

• Road service station (which includes transportations to Taganrog, Rostov-on-Don, Krasnodar, Kiev, Odessa, Yalta, Dnepropetrovsk are carried out etc.) and a suburban auto station (with routes mainly to Pershotravnevy, Volodarsky and areas of Donetsk oblast).
• Railway station " Mariupol ". The city is connected by the railway to Donbass (the Direction of trains being: Moscow, Kiev, Lvov, Saint Petersburg, Minsk, Bryansk, Voronezh, Kharkov, Poltava, Slavyansk).
• A marina in the aria of sea trading port.
• International airport " Mariupol " (the property Ilyich Mariupol steel and iron works).

Ecology

Mariupol. Routes of urban electric transports.

Due to the stable work of the majority of the large enterprises, the city constantly collides with environmental problems. At the end of 1970s, Zhdanov (Mariupol) by quantity of industrial emissions in an atmosphere occupied third place in the USSR (after Novokuznetsk and Magnitogorsk). In 1989 by all enterprises of city it had 5,215 sources of atmospheric pollution producing 752,900 tones of harmful substances a year (about 98% from metallurgical enterprises and "Markokhim"). Even during some easing activity of the industry in the state (the middle of 1990s) of maximum-permissible concentrations (maximum concentration limit) many pollution limits of the environment have been exceeded:

• For ammonia by 1.3 times
• For phenol by 1.3 times
• For formaldehyde by 2.0 times

Not absolutely thought over arrangement of platforms for construction of Azovstal and Markokhim (the economy in transport charges was assumed, both during construction in 30th, and during the subsequent operation) has led to that the wind rose basically carries all emissions in the central areas of Mariupol. Intensity of these winds and geographical "flatness" of a relief that long time pollutions does not allow to accumulate a little saves the situation.

The Sea of Azov near the city is in distress. The catch of fish in the aria was reduced by orders of magnitude over the last 30-40 years.

The nature protection activity of leading enterprises in Mariupol cost millions of hrivnas, but it appears to have little effect on the environmental problems built up in the city over the years.

Culture of Mariupol

Cultural institutions

Art & literature

Social associations

Religious communities

Media and entertainment

Tourism and recreation

Professional sports

The city's steel industry sponsors the FC Metalurg Mariupol' football club, currently playing in the Ukrainian Premier League, the highest division of the Ukrainian national championship.

Azovstal' Canoeing Club on the river Kalmius. Vitaly Epishkin - 3rd place in World Cup on 200m K-2.

Social services

Health Service

Education

Famous Mariupolers

• Andrei Zhdanov, Soviet politician
• Arkhip Kuindzhi, Russian landscape painter
• Alexander Sacharoff Russian dancer, teacher, and choreographer.

External links

• () [Mariupol' city portal]
• () [Ilyich Mariupol steel and iron works]

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	Subdivisions of Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine
	Raions:	Amvrosiivsky Raion | Artemivsk City | Artemivsky Raion | Debaltseve City | Dimitrov City | Dobropilla City | Dobropilsky Raion | Dokuchayivsk City | Donetsk City | Druzhivka City | Dzerzhinsk City | Horlivka City | Khartsizk City | Kirovske City | Kostyantynivka City | Kramatorsk City | Krasnoarmiysky Raion | Krasniy Liman City | Krasnolimansky Raion | Kostyantynivsky Raion | Makiivka City | Mariupol City | Marynsky Raion | Novoazovsky Raion | Novohrodivka City | Oleksandrivsky Raion | Pershotravnevy Raion | Selydove City | Shakhtarsk City | Shahtarsky Raion | Slovyansk City | Slovyansky Raion | Snizhne City | Starobeshivsky Raion | Telmanivsky Raion | Torez City | Velikonosilkivsky Raion | Volnovasky Raion | Volodarsky Raion | Vugledar City | Yasynuvata City | Yasynuvatsky Raion | Yenakiieve City | Zhdanivka City
	Cities:	Artemivsk | Debaltseve | Dimitrov | Dobropilla | Dokuchayivsk | Donetsk | Druzhivka | Dzerzhinsk | Horlivka | Khartsizk | Kirovske | Kostyantynivka | Kramatorsk | Krasniy Liman | Makiivka | Mariupol | Novohrodivka | Selydove | Shakhtarsk | Slovyansk | Snizhne | Torez | Vugledar | Yasynuvata | Yenakiieve | Zhdanivka
	Towns:	Amvrosiivka | Avdiivsk | Artemove | Bilitske | Bilozerske | Chasiv Yar | Hirnik | Ilovaiysk | Komsomolske | Krasnoarmiysk | Krasnohorivka | Kurakhove | Marinka | Mikolaiivka | Mospine | Novoazovsk | Rodinske | Siversk | Soledar | Svitlodarsk | Svyatohirsk | Ukraiinsk | Volnovaha | Vuhlehirsk | Yunokomunarivsk | Zugres

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