Nerves of the orbit , and the ciliary ganglion . Side view.
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| colspan="2" |Alveolar branches of superior maxillary nerve and sphenopalatine ganglion .Latin n. maxillaris
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|Innervates
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|MeSH [A08.800.800.120.760.550 ]
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|Dorlands/Elsevier [/ ]
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The Maxillary Nerve (superior maxillary nerve), or second division of the trigeminal , is a sensory nerve.
It is intermediate, both in position and size, between the ophthalmic and mandibular .
Path
Anterior to the trigeminal ganglion , the maxillary nerve passes through the cavernous sinus and exits the skull through the foramen rotundum .
It begins at the middle of the semilunar ganglion as a flattened plexiform band, and, passing horizontally forward, it leaves the skull through the foramen rotundum , where it becomes more cylindrical in form, and firmer in texture.
It then crosses the pterygopalatine fossa , inclines lateralward on the back of the maxilla , and enters the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure ; it traverses the infraorbital groove and canal in the floor of the orbit, and appears upon the face at the infraorbital foramen .
At its termination, the nerve lies beneath the Quadratus labii superioris , and divides into a leash of branches which spread out upon the side of the nose , the lower eyelid , and the upper lip , joining with filaments of the facial nerve .
Branches
Its branches may be divided into four groups, according as they are given off in the cranium, in the pterygopalatine fossa, in the infraorbital canal, or on the face.
In the Cranium
In the Pterygopalatine Fossa
In the Infraorbital Canal
On the Face
External links
Major nerve s (also see Peripheral nervous system )
Cranial nerves I olfactory | II optic | III oculomotor | IV trochlear | V trigeminal | V1 ophthalmic (lacrimal , frontal , supratrochlear , supraorbital , nasociliary , ciliary ganglion ) | V2 maxillary (sphenopalatine ganglion ) | V3 mandibular (buccal - auriculotemporal - lingual - inferior alveolar - otic ganglion ) | VI abducens | VII facial (chorda tympani , nervus intermedius ) | VIII vestibulocochlear (cochlear , vestibular ) | IX glossopharyngeal | X vagus (recurrent laryngeal , Alderman's nerve ) | XI accessory | XII hypoglossal
Posterior spinal nerve s:greater occipital
C1-C4 - Cervical plexus : lesser occipital | greater auricular | lesser auricular | phrenic | ansa cervicalis
C5-C8, T1 - Brachial plexus : supraclavicular branches (dorsal scapular , suprascapular , long thoracic ) | lateral cord musculocutaneous , lateral antibrachial cutaneous , lateral head of median nerve ) | medial cord ulnar , medial head of median nerve , medial antibrachial cutaneous , medial brachial cutaneous ) | posterior cord axillary , radial )
T2-T11: intercostal
T12, L1-L5 - Lumbar plexus : iliohypogastric | ilioinguinal | genitofemoral | lateral femoral cutaneous | femoral | obturator
S1-S4 - Sacral plexus : gluteal | posterior femoral cutaneous | tibial | sciatic | sural | common peroneal
S2-S5 - Pudendal plexus : perforating cutaneous | pudendal | visceral | muscular | anococcygeal
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