Mentha

Mint Leaves

Mentha (mint) is a genus of about 25-30 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, with a subcosmopolitan distribution, seven from Australia, one in North America, and the others from Europe and Asia; several hybrids also occur.

According to Greek mythology, the plant was named after Minthe.

They are aromatic perennial herbs, growing to 10-120 cm tall, with wide-spreading underground rhizomes and erect, branched stems. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, simple oblong to lanceolate, often downy, and with a serrated margin. The flowers are produced in clusters ('verticils') on an erect spike, white to purple, the corolla two-lipped with four subequal lobes, the upper lobe usually the largest. The fruit is a small dry capsule containing 1-4 seeds.

Mints are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Buff Ermine.

Contents

1 Cultivation and uses

1.1 Medicinal and cosmetic uses

2 Species
3 References and external links

Cultivation and uses

Mints are generally vigorous, spreading plants that tolerate a wide range of conditions. They can be highly invasive plants, so caution should be taken in cultivation or it can take over an entire garden.

The most common and popular mints for cultivation are peppermint (Mentha × piperita), spearmint (Mentha spicata), and (more recently) pineapple mint (Mentha suaveolens). The dark green leaves have a pleasant warm, fresh, aromatic, sweet flavor with a cool aftertaste. Mint essential oils are used to flavor food, candy, teas, breath fresheners, antiseptic mouth rinses, and toothpaste. Mint leaves are used in teas, beverages, jellies, syrups, and ice creams. In Mid-Eastern cuisines, mint is used on lamb dishes. In British cuisine, mint sauce is popular with meats. Mint leaves generally refer to dried spearmint leaves. Pennyroyal and Corsican Mint have a much stronger odour and flavor, and potentially harmful medicinal effects. Pennyroyal resembles the other mints, but Corsican mint is unusual in the fact that it is a low, mossy groundcovering plant. The pineapple mint is particularly mild and popular.

Mint essential oil and menthol are extensively used as flavourings in drinks, gum and candies; see mint (candy). The substances that give the mints their characteristic aromas and flavours are:

menthol: the main aroma of Spearmint, Peppermint, and Japanese Peppermint (a major commercial source).
pulegiol: in Pennyroyal and Corsican Mint.

The mint family, Lamiaceae, includes many other aromatic herbs, including most of the more common cooking herbs, including basil, rosemary, sage, oregano, and catnip. In common usage, several other plants with fragrant leaves may be erroneously called a mint. Vietnamese Mint, commonly used in Southeast Asian cuisine, is not a member of the mint family. In Central and South America, mint is known as yerbabuena (literally, "good herb").

Medicinal and cosmetic uses

Mint was originally used as a medicinal herb to treat stomach ache and chest pains. During the middle ages, powdered mint leaves were used to whiten teeth. Mint tea is a strong diuretic.

Menthol is an ingredient of many cosmetics and perfumes. Menthol and mint essential oil are also much used in medicine as component of many drugs, and are very popular in aromatherapy.

It is also used in cigarettes as an additive, because it blocks out the bitter taste of tobacco and soothes the throat.

Species

Chocolate Mint

Mentha aquatica – Water mint, or Marsh mint
Mentha arvensis – Corn Mint, Wild Mint and Japanese Peppermint
Mentha asiatica
Mentha australis
Mentha canadensis (syn. M. arvensis var. canadensis)
Mentha cervina
Mentha citrata (syn. M. odorata) – Bergamot mint (smells like Bergamot)
Mentha crispata
Mentha cunninghamii
Mentha dahurica
Mentha diemenica
Mentha gattefossei
Mentha grandiflora
Mentha haplocalyx
Mentha japonica
Mentha kopetdaghensis
Mentha laxiflora
Mentha longifolia - Horse Mint
Mentha micrantha
Mentha microphylla
Mentha pulegium – Pennyroyal
Mentha requienii – Corsican mint
Mentha sachalinensis
Mentha satureioides
Mentha spicata (syn. M. viridis) – Spearmint, Curly mint
Mentha suaveolens (syn. M. rotundifolia) – Apple mint (smells like apples) and Pineapple mint (a variegated cultivar of Apple mint)
Mentha sylvestris – Horsemint, Wild mint
Mentha vagans

Selected hybrids

Mentha × dalmatica (M. arvensis × M. longifolia)
Mentha × dumetorum (M. aquatica × M. longifolia)
Mentha × gracilis (M. arvensis × M. spicata) - Bushy Mint
Mentha × maximilianea (M. aquatica × M. suaveolens)
Mentha × muelleriana (M. arvensis × M. suaveolens)
Mentha × piperita (M. aquatica × M. spicata) – Peppermint, Chocolate mint
Mentha × rotundifolia (M. longifolia × M. suaveolens) - False Apple-mint
Mentha x smithiana (M. aquatica × M. arvensis × M. spicata)
Mentha × verticillata (M. arvensis × M. aquatica)
Mentha × villosa (M. spicata × M. suaveolens; syn. M. cordifolia) - Apple-mint
Mentha x villosonervata (M. longifolia × M. spicata) - Sharp-toothed Mint

Herbs, seasonings and spices

Herbs	basil · bay leaf · borage · chives · coriander leaf (a.k.a. cilantro) · dill · marjoram · fennel · mint · oregano · parsley · rosemary · sage · savory · tarragon · thyme ·

Seasonings	curry powder · lemon · liquorice · MSG · onion powder · saccharin · salt · stevia · sugar · vanilla · vinegar ·

Spices	allspice · anise · cardamom · cayenne pepper · chile powder · cinnamon · clove · coriander seeds · cumin · fenugreek · garlic · ginger · nutmeg · paprika · pepper · saffron · sarsaparilla · sassafras · tamarind · turmeric · white mustard ·

References and external links

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