Michael Hayden
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- For the composer see Michael Haydn
Michael Vincent Hayden (born March 17, 1945) holds the rank of General in the United States Air Force, which describes him as "the highest-ranking military intelligence officer in the armed forces." He is currently the only non-rated Air Force four-star general. He is the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency and was the Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence.http://www.af.mil/bios/bio.asp?bioID=5746
He was director of the National Security Agency (NSA). During his tenure as director, the longest in the history of the agency, he oversaw the controversial warrantless surveillance of technological communications between persons in the United States and alleged foreign terrorist groups.
On May 8, 2006, Hayden was nominated for the post of CIA Director following the May 5 resignation of Porter J. Goss, and on May 23 the Senate Intelligence Committee voted 12-3 to send the nomination to the Senate floor. His nomination was confirmed by the Senate on May 26 by a vote of of 78-15.
On May 30, 2006 and again the following day at the CIA lobby with President George W. Bush in attendance, Hayden was sworn in as the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
Early life, career, and family
Michael Vincent Hayden was born on St. Patrick's Day in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to an Irish-American couple, Sadie and Harry Hayden, Sr. who worked as a welder for a Pennsylvania manufacturing company. He has a younger brother, Harry, Jr.He graduated from Pittsburgh's North Catholic High School. While at Duquesne University he earned a B.A. in history in 1967 and an M.A. in modern American history in 1969, while working part-time as a taxi-driver to fund his degree.
He is a graduate of the Reserve Officer Training Corps program. Hayden entered active military service in 1969.
Hayden has served as commander of the Air Intelligence Agency and Director of the Joint Command and Control Warfare Center, both headquartered at Lackland Air Force Base. He also has served in senior staff positions in the Pentagon; Headquarters U.S. European Command, Stuttgart, Germany; the National Security Council, Washington, D.C., and the U.S. Embassy in the then-People's Republic of Bulgaria. Prior to his current assignment, the general served as deputy chief of staff for United Nations Command and U.S. Forces Korea, Yongsan Army Garrison. He has also worked in intelligence in Guam.
He is married to Jeanine Carrier, and they have a daughter and two sons.
Intelligence career
National Security Agency
Hayden served as the Director of the National Security Agency and Chief of the Central Security Service at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland from March 1999 to April 2005. As the Director of NSA and Chief of CSS, he was responsible for a combat support agency of the Department of Defense with military and civilian personnel stationed worldwide.He was reportedly exceptionally open as NSA director, inviting reporters to his Fort Meade home for dinner.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/06/AR2006050601069.html?nav=rss_email/components
General Hayden presided over the NSA during the agency's highly controversial alleged creation of an extremely large domestic telephone call database, as reported by USA Today in May of 2006. During his nomination hearings Hayden defended his actions, to Senator Russ Feingold and others, saying he had relied upon legal advice that White House power to order this was supported by Article Two of the United States Constitution executive branch powers, overriding legislative branch statutes forbidding it.
Strategy for the NSA
Hayden and the NSA have a strategy to shift greater reliance on American industry for the purposes of domestic spying (see [Gen. Hayden Statement to Congress - see section 27]), [EFF class action suit] Although Gen. Hayden said at the National Press Club that "As the director, I was the one responsible to ensure that this program was limited in its scope and disciplined in its application" [link], his testimony that, "One senior executive confided that the data management needs we outlined to him were larger than any he had previously seen" [Gen. Hayden Statement to Congress - see section 27] before the Joint Inquiry of the Senate Select Committee On Intelligence and the House Permanent Select Committee On Intelligence) indicates that NSA's database was projected to be considerably larger than AT&T's 300 terabyte "Daytona" database of caller information. The NarusInsight is one type of spying hardware, capable of monitoring of an OC-192 network line in realtime (39,000 DSL lines) or give AT&T the power to monitor all 7,432,000 DSL lines it owns. After data capture, according to Narus, its software can replay, "streaming media (for example, VoIP), rendering of Web pages, examination of e-mails and the ability to analyze the payload/attachments of e-mail or file transfer protocols" (see ). China Telecom uses this same type of technology to spy and censor its people in a more primitive way. China telecom has started the process to acquire this technology logistically and financially. [Shanghai Telecom seeks system]Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence
Hayden was Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence from May 2005 to May 2006 under John Negroponte.
Hayden's appearance at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. on January 23, 2006, in which he discussed the National Security Agency's policy of eavesdropping on international communications between persons within the U.S. and individuals and groups overseas without a warrant granted by a F.I.S.A. court pursuant to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, generated considerable controversy. During the question and answer period with the press following his speech, the following exchange occurred between Hayden and Jonathan Landay of Knight Ridder:
QUESTION: I'd like to stay on the same issue, and that had to do with the standard by which you use to target your wiretaps. I'm no lawyer, but my understanding is that the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution specifies that you must have probable cause to be able to do a search that does not violate an American's right against unlawful searches and seizures. Do you use --
QUESTION: But the --
- GEN. HAYDEN: No, actually -- the Fourth Amendment actually protects all of us against unreasonable search and seizure.
QUESTION: But the measure is probable cause, I believe.
- HAYDEN: That's what it says.
QUESTION: But does it not say probable --
- HAYDEN: The amendment says unreasonable search and seizure.
QUESTION: The court standard, the legal standard --
- HAYDEN: No. The amendment says --
- HAYDEN: -- unreasonable search and seizure.
— [Full Transcript]http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/news/2006/intell-060123-dni01.htm
Editor & Publisher has reported that "Hayden seemed to deny that the amendment included [probable cause], or simply ignored it."E&P Staff. [Hayden, Likely Choice for CIA Chief, Displayed Shaky Grip on 4th Amendment at Press Club]. Editor & Publisher, 6--May--2006.. The Fourth Amendment does in fact contain the text "probable cause" in addition to "unreasonable searches and seizures."
Central Intelligence Agency
On Monday, May 8, 2006, Hayden was nominated by President George W. Bush to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency after the resignation of Porter J. Goss on May 5, 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4750357.stm He was later confirmed on May 26, 2006 as Director, 78-15, by full U.S. Senate vote. http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=109&session=2&vote=00160
"I happen to believe we are on our way to a major constitutional confrontation on Fourth Amendment guarantees of unreasonable search and seizure," Senator Dianne Feinstein said on May 11, 2006, indicating that confirmation hearings may not be smooth.http://www.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/05/11/nsa.phonerecords/index.html
Hayden is not the first active member of the military to be appointed to run the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Those previously holding the position of Director of Central Intelligence with military backgrounds include:
- Harry Truman appointed Rear Adm. Sidney Souers, a Navy officer, who was the first man to hold the position when the nascent organization was known as the Central Intelligence Group; Lt. Gen. Hoyt S. Vandenberg, an Air Force officer, also Director of the CIG; Rear Adm. Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter, a Navy officer who was just prior Captain of the USS Missouri and first DCI of the CIA; Gen. Walter Bedell Smith, an Army officer
- Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Vice Adm. William Raborn, a Navy officer; Richard Helms, who served in the Navy during World War II
- Richard Nixon appointed William Colby, who volunteered for the Army in 1941
- Gerald Ford appointed George H. W. Bush, who was a decorated naval aviator from World War II
- Jimmy Carter appointed Stansfield Turner, who was a U.S. admiral in the Navy after World War II
- Ronald Reagan appointed William Hedgcock Webster, who was a lieutenant in the United States Navy during World War II
- George H. W. Bush appointed Robert Gates, who was in the Air Force
- Bill Clinton appointed R. James Woolsey, who was a Captain in the U.S. Army from 1968-70
Military career
Military awards
- Defense Distinguished Service Medal
- Defense Superior Service Medal with bronze Oak Leaf Cluster
- Legion of Merit
- Bronze Star Medal
- Meritorious Service Medal with two bronze Oak Leaf Clusters
- Air Force Commendation Medal
- Air Force Achievement Medal
- Joint Meritorious Unit Award
- Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
- Air Force Organizational Excellence Award
- National Defense Service Medal with bronze Oak Leaf Cluster
- Armed Forces Service Medal
- Air Force Overseas Ribbon (Short Tour) with bronze Oak Leaf Cluster
- Air Force Overseas Ribbon (Long Tour) with two bronze Oak Leaf Clusters
- Air Force Longevity Service Award with one silver and one bronze Oak Leaf Cluster
- Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon
- Air Force Training Ribbon
Military badges
Dates of rank
- June 2, 1967 — Second Lieutenant
- June 7, 1970 — First Lieutenant
- December 7, 1971 — Captain
- June 1, 1980 — Major
- February 1, 1985 — Lieutenant Colonel
- November 1, 1990 — Colonel
- September 1, 1993 — Brigadier General
- October 1, 1996 — Major General
- May 1, 1999 — Lieutenant General
- April 22, 2005 — General