Mitteleuropa
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Mitteleuropa (Middle-Europe) is a German term approximately equal to Central Europe. In Germany and Austria, the term usually refers to the territory covered by the modern states of:
and often includes regions that were part of Austria-Hungary, i.e.- Hungary
- Banat, Bačka, Srem regions of Serbia
- (parts of) Romania
- Croatia
- Bosnia-Hercegovina
- (small parts of) Italy
Outside of Germany, the concept of Mitteleuropa may be best known for that policy of the Central Powers during World War I which assumed the creation of several buffer states in Central Europe, conquered from Imperial Russia and commonly viewed as puppet states. One of Germany's war aims in World War I was to create an economic sphere of German domination in Mitteleuropa. By their creation, growing dissent in the occupied areas could be answered, and resources to fight the war on the Western Front could be used more efficiently.
The policy was realized after signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in which Russia ceded most of the areas occupied by Germany and Austria-Hungary to the respective countries. On the area ceded to the Central Powers, following political entities were located:
- Lithuania
- Belarusian People's Republic
- Kingdom of Poland
- Kingdom of Finland
- Latvia
- Estonia
- Ukrainian People's Republic
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