Mumtaz Mahal
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Mumtaz Mahal (Persian: ممتاز محل, meaning "beloved ornament of the palace"; pronunciation /mumtɑːz mɛhɛl/) is the common nickname of Arjumand Banu Begum, who was born April 1593 in Agra, India. Her father was the Persian Abdul Hasan Asaf Khan, the brother of Nur Jehan, wife of Jahangir, and she was religiously a Shia. She was married at the age of 19, on 10 May 1612, to then-Prince Khurram, who would later ascend the Peacock Throne as Mughal emperor Shah Jahan I. She was his second wife, and named Mumtaz Mahal, which means "beloved ornament of the palace" in Persian. She became his favorite wife. She died June 17 1631 in Burhanpur in the Deccan, now in Madhya Pradesh, during the birth of her fourteenth child, a daughter named Shahzadi Gauhara Begum, and was buried in the Taj Mahal in Agra.
Not much is known about her except that she was a woman of legendary beauty and virtue, who had a very deep and loving marriage with Shah Jahan. Even during her lifetime, poets would espouse her beauty, gracefulness and compassion. It was said that even the moon would hide in shame from her beauty. Mumtaz Mahal was Shah Jahan's trusted companion, traveling with him all over the Mughal empire, and visiting the lands. He trusted her so far, that he even gave her his imperial seal, the Muhr Uzah. She was a big influence on him, apparently often intervening on behalf of the poor and destitute. But she also enjoyed watching elephant and combat fights performed for the court.
They had fourteen children, seven of whom died young. Mumtaz Mahal died during childbirth, while accompanying Shah Jahan during a war campaign against the Lodi lords in the Deccan. Legend has it that on her deathbed, her last wish to the emperor was for a symbol or a monument to their love. Inconsolable, the emperor promised immediately. Apparently after her death, Shah Jahan went into secluded mourning for a year, when he appeared again his hair had turned white, his back was bent, and his face worn out. He kept his promise and built her tomb, the Taj Mahal, in Agra. It took more than 20 years, and most of the treasury, to finish it. Today, it stands as the ultimate monument to love, and a homage to her beauty and life.
Her children were:
- Shahzadi (Imperial Princess) Huralnissa Begum, b. 30 March 1613, d. 14 June 1616
- Shahzadi Jahanara Begum, b. 2 April 1614, d. 16 September 1681
- Shahzada (Imperial Prince) Dara Shikoh, b. 30 March 1615, d. 8 September 1659 in the succession wars at the hands of his brother Aurangzeb.
- Shahzada Mohammed Sultan Shah Shuja Bahadur, b. 3 Juli 1616, d. 1660
- Shahzadi Roshanara Begum, b. 3 September 1617, d. 1671
- Badshah (Emperor) Mohinnudin Mohammed Aurangzeb, b. 3 November 1618, d. 21 February 1707.
- Shahzada Sultan Ummid Baksh, b. 18 December 1619, d. March 1622
- Shahzadi Surayya Banu Begum, b. 10 June 1621, d. 28 April 1628
- Shahzada Sultan Murad Baksh, b. 8 September 1624, d. 14 December 1661
- Shahzada Sultan Luftallah, b. 4 November 1626, d. 14 May 1628
- Shahzada Sultan Daulat Afza, b. 9 May 1628, d.?
- Shahzadi Husnara Begum, b. 23 April 1630, d. ?
- Shahzadi Gauhara Begum, b. 17 June 1631, d. 1706
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