Navahradak

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Navahradak (Нава́градак in Belarusian; Russian: Novogrudok; Polish: Nowogródek; Lithuanian: Naugardukas; Yiddish: Novardok) is a city in western Belarus.

History

First mentioned in the annals under 1252 (by Ipatiev Chronicle; but other dates are 1116 and even 1044) as Novogorodok (i.e. "new little town") it was founded on the remote western lands of the Early East Slavs (tribal union Krivichs?) that came under the control of the Kievan Rus at end of the 10th century. In the 13th century, the fragile unity of the Rus disintegrated due to nomadic incursions from Asia, which reached a climax with the Mongol Horde's sacking of Kiev (1240), leaving a geopolitical vacuum in the region so-called Black Ruthenia. The Early East Slavs splintered along preexisting tribal lines into a number of independent and competing principalities. Due to military alliances, dynastic marriages Lithuania become a basis of the rising up Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL). Navahradak surrender to Lithuanian duke Mindaugas, who in 1253 had been crowned as King of Lithuania. Because Lithuanians were pagan, Mindaugas was baptized as Catholicism (c. 1252 . Vilnius might be the place where Mindaugas was baptised,

According to the disputed Stryjkowski Chronicle (1582) the city supposedly had been the first capital of the GDL. There is no other written proof of that . Some historians say that Voruta, a legendary place, was the first capital, the second one was Kernavė (1279), Trakai - the third and Vilnius - the fourth. Other theories state, that in the early states of GDL there was no capital at all .

Navahradak was a part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth following the Union of Lublin in 1569 but later incorporated to imperial Russia due to the Partitions of Poland in 1795. In the First World War, it was occupied by Germany from 1915 to 1918. After the end of the war it belonged to the Belarus National Republic but the Second Polish Republic occupied it in 1919. Later on the Red Army took it during the Polish-bolshevik war, but Poland took it back and due to the treaty of Riga, Navahradak became part of Poland and the capital of Nowogródek voivodship. Soviet troops entered the city in September 1939 along with Western Belarus and it became part of the Byelorussian SSR until 1941. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941 it became part of the Ostland. The Red Army liberated the city in July 1944. Following the Yalta Conference and Potsdam Agreement Navahradak remained as part of the Byelarussian SSR. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 it belonges to Belarus. Both in the times of the BSSR and presently Navahradak has been the capital of Navahradak raion (district) in Hrodna voblast (province).

Ruling Princes

?-? Erdywil
after 1185-1192 Mingayl
1192-? Skirmunt
?-1239 Troniata
-1239] part of the Principality of Hrodna?
1239-1254 Mindowh and his son Vaisvilkas
1254-1258 Roman Danylovich (Rurikovich; d. after 1258)
1258-1267 Vaisvilkas (son of Mindowh; d. 1267)
1264-1341 part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
13th century Narymont
?-1341 Narymunt
1341-1347 Koriat (Gediminids)
1347-13?? Woidete (Gediminids; d. after 1362)
13?? -1381 Butaw (Gediminids; d. after 1381)
1381-1386 part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1384 Yuriy (Gediminids)
1386-1390 Towtiwil (Gediminids)
1390-1440 Sigismund I of Lithuania (Gediminids)
1440-1441 Michael Boleslaw (Gediminids; d. 1451)
1441- part of the Principality of Hrodna?

Famous people from Navahradak

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